练案18必修3Module6OldandNew练习含解析

必修三Module6OldandNewⅠ.完形填空(2021·广东省深圳市高级中学高三年级模考)IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream,whichmeantajob,amortgage(按揭),creditcards,andsuccess.Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse,allofus1.Achasingthesamething.Oneyear,throughaseriesofunhappyevents,itallfell2.B.Ifoundmyselfhomelessand3.C.Ihadmytruckand$56.I4.DthecountrysideforsomeplaceIcouldrentforthe5.Dpossibleamount.IcameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroadoverthePotomacRiverinWestVirginia.Itwas6.B，fullofbrokenglassandrubbish.Ifoundtheowner,rentedit,and7.Cacornertocampin.Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme,8.Aslowly,theystartedteachingmethe9.Dofbeinganeighbor.Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbeganstickingaroundto10.A.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina11.CAmericanDream—nottheoneofindividualachievementbutof12.A.WhatIhadbelievedin,allthosethingsIthoughtwere13.Dforacivilizedlife,werenonexistentinthisplace.Uponthe14.A，mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy15.Bwithmyneighbors.Fouryearslater,Imovedbackinto16.C.Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime,17.Btheirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto18.Cahandfulofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI'vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherplaces.We'dallbein19.Bifwehadn'tbandedtogether.TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It'snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself;it'sabout20.Dwecanallsurvivetogether.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者在美国的生活经历，以及他对美国梦的理解的前后变化。一开始作者认为在美国就会有银行卡、工作和房子。但是在美国经历了一系列不愉快的事件后，作者的美国梦想破碎了。作者在山上找了一座破旧的房屋租住。他从邻居那里学到了美国梦是大家团结起来共同实现的。1．A.separately B．equallyC．violently D．naturally解析：separately“分别地；各自地”；equally“同样地；平等地”；violently“猛烈地；激烈地”；naturally“自然地”。根据前文的“likeeveryoneelse”向每个其他人一样，我们每个人也都在做。句意：我们各自在追逐同样的事情。故选A。2．A.off B．apartC．over D．out解析：off“远离的”；apart“分离的”；over“在上面的”；out“外面的”。根据后文的“Ifoundmyselfhomeless”可知我发现自己孤独。此处说自己原来的梦想破碎了，崩溃了。句意：有一年，在经历了一系列不愉快的事件后，它完全崩溃了。故选B。3．A.awesome B．pricelessC．alone D．passionate解析：awesome“可怕的”；priceless“无价的”；alone“单独的；独自一人”；passionate“有激情的”。可知我发现自己孤独，此处说自己原来的梦想破碎了，崩溃了。故C项正确。4．A.crossed B．leftC．toured D．searched解析：crossed“穿过”；left“离开”；toured“旅行”；searched“搜索”。根据后文的“forsomeplaceIcouldrent”可知作者在乡村寻找可以租住的地方。search...for...“搜……为了找……”。句意：我在乡村搜寻我可以租住的地方。故选D。5．A.fullest B．largestC．fairest D．cheapest解析：fullest“完全的；满的”；largest“最大的”；fairest“公平的”；cheapest“最便宜的”。根据前文的“Ihadmytruckand$56.”可知作者只有一辆卡车和56美元，可见他没太多的钱，因此他要租便宜的房子。故此处用形容词cheapest。句意：我要租住尽可能最便宜的地方。故选D。6．A.occupied B．abandonedC．emptied D．robbed解析：occupied“占用”；abandoned“放弃的，废弃的”；emptied“倒空”；robbed“抢劫”。根据后文的“fullofbrokenglassandrubbish”可知这座房子是被废弃的。句意：它被废弃了。故选B。7．A.turned B．approachedC．cleared D．cut解析：turned“转动”；approached“接近”；cleared“清除”；cut“剪”。根据后文的“tocampin”可知作者为了能扎营住在这里，因此清理了一下。句意：为了能住进去，我清理了一个角落。故选C。8．A.but B．althoughC．otherwise D．for解析：but“但是”；although“尽管”；otherwise“否则”；for“因为”。根据前文的“knewnothingaboutme”和后文的“slowly,theystartedteachingme”可知其他人开始时不了解他，后来教他一些东西，前后是转折关系，故用连词but。句意：当地人对我不了解，但是慢慢地开始教会我一些东西。故选A。9．A.benefit B．lessonC．nature D．art解析：benefit“利益；好处”；lesson“教训；课”；nature“自然”；D.art“艺术；道理”。根据前文的“theystartedteachingme”可知他们教我一些道理。句意：慢慢地他们开始教我做邻居的道理。故选D。10．A.chat B．fightC．struggle D．perform解析：chat“聊天”；fight“战斗”；struggle“斗争；努力”；perform“表演”。句意：他们带来一些毯子，蜡烛和工具，停下来和我聊天。故选A。11．A.wild B．realC．different D．remote解析：wild“野生的”；real“真实的”；different“不同的”；remote“遥远的；偏僻的”。根据前文的“IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream,whichmeantajob,amortgage(按揭),creditcards,success.”可知他过去的美国梦想是成功的，而现在没有房子和工作，是失败的，与想象的不一样，句意：他们开始教会我一种对美国梦想不同的信念。故选C。12．A.neighborliness B．happinessC．friendliness D．kindness解析：neighborliness“亲切；友善”；happiness“幸福”；friendliness“友好”；kindness“善良”。根据前文的“ofbeinganeighbor”可知作为邻居的理论，可知此处是强调邻居的重要性。句意：美国的梦想不是个人的成就而是邻居共同的成就。故选A。13．A.unique B．expensiveC．rare D．necessary解析：unique“独特的；唯一的”；expensive“昂贵的”；rare“稀有的”；necessary“必要的”。根据后文的“werenonexistentinthisplace”可知以前以为必要的东西，在这个地方不存在。句意：所有我原以为必要的东西在这个地方不存在。故选D。14．A.mountain B．downtownC．river D．countryside解析：mountain“山”；downtown“市中心”；river“河流”；countryside“农村”。根据上文“IcameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroadoverthePotomacRiverinWestVirginia.”可知此处应是上山。句意：我最有价值的东西是在山上。故选A。15．A.cooperation B．relationshipsC．satisfaction D．appointments解析：cooperation“合作”；relationships“关系”；satisfaction“满意”；appointments“约定”。根据前文的“Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbeganstickingaroundto10.”可知作者与邻居的关系好。故此处用relationships。句意：我最有价值的财富就是与邻居的关系。故选B。16．A.reality B．societyC．town D．life解析：reality“现实”；society“社会”；town“城镇”；life“生活”。根据前文的“Imovedbackinto”可知作者从山上搬回了城里。句意：四年后，我搬回了城里。故选C。17．A.creating B．losingC．quitting D．finding解析：creating“创造”；losing“失去；损失”；quitting“放弃”；offering“提供”。根据前文的“Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime”可知这里的许多人过着艰难的生活，此处应是失去工作，才能体现生活困难。句意：我看见许多人生活艰难，失去了工作和家园。故选B。18．A.putin B．turninC．takein D．getin解析：putin“提出”；turnin“上交”；takein“吸收；上当；容纳”；getin“收获”。根据前文的“rentabigenoughhouseto”可知作者租了一间大的房子是为了能容纳一些人。句意：我租下了一个足够大的房子为了容纳一些人。故选C。19．A.yards B．sheltersC．camps D．cottages解析：yards“院子”；shelters“避难所”；camps“营地”；cottages“村舍”。根据后文的“ifwehadn'tbandedtogether...”可知我们如果不团结起来就会没有地方住，只待在避难所。句意：如果我们不团结起来，我们就会待在避难所。故选B。20．A.when B．whatC．whether D．how解析：when“何时”；what“什么”；whether“是否”；how“如何”。根据后面的“wecanallsurvivetogether(我们一起生活)”和文章意思，大家一起共同团结的生活，才能解决困难，这是说生活的方式，故此处用代词how。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2020·吉林省吉林市高中毕业班第一次调测)Everyyear,millionsofpeoplemakethesameNewYear'sresolution(决心):toloseweight.Butthere'saproblemthatrequiresasmuchresolutiontochangeasweight:thesocietalprejudicesurroundingweightandobesity.Fordecades,researchershavedocumentednegativeattitudestowardoverweightpeople—aformofprejudiceknownas“weightbias(偏见)”.Peoplewithobesityarecommonlyviewedaslazy,unintelligent,unattractive,andlackingwillpowerandself­control.Weight­baseddiscriminationisfoundineducational,employmentandhealthcaresettings,yetminimallegalprotectionexistsforthosewhoaretargeted.Inadditiontoexperiencingweightbiasfromothers,peoplewithobesitytendtoacceptweight­biasedbeliefs,leadingtolowerself­worth.Somepeoplearguethatbittermessagesaboutweightarenecessarytomotivatethosewithobesitytotakeresponsibilityfortheirhealthandloseweight.Afterall,criticssay,it'stheirownfaultthattheyare“fat”，and,iftheyreallywantedto,theycouldcontroltheirweight.Inthisview,promotingbodyacceptancewouldonlyweakenbehaviorchangeandencourageobesity.Theproblemwiththisargumentisthatitfliesinthefaceofhundredsofscientificstudiesshowingthenegativehealtheffectsassociatedwithexperiencingandacceptingweight­biasedbeliefs.Thepsychologicaleffectofbeingundervaluedduetoone'sweightmaynotseemsurprising:increasedriskfordepression,anxiety,andevenself­harmingthoughtsandattemptsinyouth.Alsoworthnotingaretheeffectsofweightbiasonweightgainandobesity­relatedhealth.Studiesshowthatweightbiasisstressful,andwhenpeopleareunderstress,theytendtoeatmore.Further,whenpeopleworryaboutbeingjudgedduetotheirweight,theyavoidfitnessandhealthcaresetting.Inthecomingyear,whetherornotweightlossisagoal,wecanallmakeeffortstogetridofweightbiasandbealittlekindertoourselvesandothers.文章大意：本文为议论文。介绍了人们对超重的人存在的偏见和歧视“weightbias”，驳斥了关于此问题的错误观点，论述了它带来的危害。作者呼吁所有人共同抵制此偏见，并将此作为新年愿景。1．Whatdoweknowaboutobesepeople？DA．Theyarefondofmakingresolutions.B．Theyarelackinginself­control.C．Theycarelittleaboutothers'opinions.D．Theytendtoundervaluethemselves.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“Inadditiontoexperiencingweightbiasfromothers,peoplewithobesitytendtoacceptweight­biasedbeliefs,leadingtolowerself­worth.”可确定正确答案为D项。2．Whydosomepeoplesupportbittermessagesaboutweight？AA．Theycanencourageobesepeopletoloseweight.B．Theycanimproveself­worthinobesepeople.C．Theycanpromotebodyacceptance.D．Theycanrelievedepression.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Somepeoplearguethatbittermessagesaboutweightarenecessarytomotivatethosewithobesitytotakeresponsibilityfortheirhealthandloseweight.”可确定正确答案为A。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“fliesinthefaceof”inParagraph4mean？DA．Confirms. B．Copies.C．Splitsup. D．Goesagainst.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段画线部分后面的内容“hundredsofscientificstudiesshowingthenegativehealtheffectsassociatedwithexperiencingandacceptingweight­biasedbeliefs”可知，很多科学研究表明这种偏见对健康有消极的影响。因此可以推断出，该观点与科学研究的结论是相违背的。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？BA．Ahealthydiet:goodforyourmindandbodyB．NewYear'sresolution:loseweightbiasinsteadofweightC．ControlyourweightbyacceptingthebittermessagesreadilyD．Eatyourownwayregardlessofothers'thoughts解析：标题判断题。本文首尾呼应，作者呼吁将摆脱体重偏见作为新年决心。中间段落介绍了此偏见的普遍性、存在的错误观点、带来的危害等。因此答案为B项。Ⅲ.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。(2020·昆明市高三一模)HowtoBeaGoodListenertoYourFamilyCommunicationisimportantforstrongfamilyrelationships.1.GWorkingonyourlisteningskillscanhelpyoucommunicatebetterandformstrongerbonds.Listenactively.Whenlisteningtoafamilymember,donotletyourmindwandertootherthings.It'simportanttomakeyourfamilymemberfeelheardandvalued.Putyourphoneawayandgivethemyourfullattention.Neverthinkaboutotherthingswhensomeoneistalking.2.CRepeatwhathasbeensaid.Brieflysummarizingwhatthespeakerhassaidcangoalongwaytowardseffectivecommunication.Everyonewantstofeelvaluedandheard,sorepeatingafamilymember'spointcanshowyouwerelistening.3.EItcanreallyallowyouandyourfamilytocommunicatebetteraswell.4.AInterruptingcanputbreaksoneffectiveconversation.Alwaysallowafewsecondsofsilenceaftersomeonefinishestalkingbeforeofferingyourresponse.Thisallowsyoutomakesurethespeakerhasfinishedtalking.Donottalkoversomeoneeither.Nomatterhowcuriousyoufeelaboutasubject,donotstarttalkinguntiltheotherpersonhasfinished.Avoidhurryingthespeaker.5.BDonotbreakinbeforethespeakerisfinishedjusttohurrythespeakeralong.Neversaythingslike“Canyougettothepoint？”Thiswillmakeitseemlikeyou'renotinterestedintheconversation.A．Donotinterrupt.B．Neverrushthepersonintotalking.C．Instead,focusonwhat'sbeingsaid.D．Peopletendtopausewhentheyspeak.E．Itcanhelpyoumakesureyouunderstoodthespeaker.F．Whensomeonefinishestalking,askquestionsifnecessary.G．However,ifyoudon'ttrulylistentoothers,itcanbedifficulttocommunicate.文章大意：本文介绍了四个改善家庭成员关系的倾听技巧。解析：1．空前一句突出交流对巩固家庭成员之间关系的重要性，空后一句是说使用倾听技巧可以帮助你更好地交流以及建立更密切的联系。故G项“然而，如果你不能真正地倾听他人，交流就会变得困难。”从反面进一步强调倾听的重要性。2．本段围绕“Listenactively.”展开，根据本段的内容及空前一句“当别人讲话时不要去想其他的事情。”可知，C项“而要关注对方正在说的内容。”符合语境。3．本段紧扣“Repeatwhathasbeensaid.”进行论证，空处与前一句构成递进关系，E选项中的“It”指代前一句中的“repeatingafamilymember'spoint”。4．空处为段首句，根据段落特征可知，本句应为祈使句且为本段的主题句。空后一句讨论打断别人会中断有效的交流，由此可以推断段首句应为不要打断(他人说话)。故A项符合语境。5．本段主题是“避免催促说话人。”。空处谈论的内容应与首句相关，B项中的“rush”与空前的“hurrying”同义，表示“催促”。故选B项。Ⅳ.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2021·湖南省高三六校联考)LastFriday,ourclassinvitedaoldcraftsmantoteachushowmakedoughfigurines(面人)．First,heshowusthebasicstepsandmakingtechniques.Westoodaroundhimbutwatchedattentively.Thenhestartedtohaveatry.Hewalkedaroundandhelpeduspatientwhennecessary.Finally,allofushadourownworkandwetookpicturesforourhand­madefigurinesexcitedly.Lookedattheselifelikefigurines,wewereallfelthappy.答案：LastFriday,ourclassinvitedeq\o(a,\s\do8(an))oldcraftsmantoteachushoweq\o(∧,\s\do8(to))makedoughfigurines(面人)．First,heeq\o(show,\s\do8(showed))usthebasicstepsandmakingtechniques.Westoodaroundhimeq\o(but,\s\do8(and))watchedattentively.Theneq\o(he,\s\do8(we))startedtohaveatry.Hewalkedaroundandhelpeduseq\o(patient,\s\do8(patiently))whennecessary.Finally,allofushadourowneq\o(work,\s\do8(works))andwetookpictureseq\o(for,\s\do8(of))ourhand­madefigurinesexcitedly.eq\o(Looked,\s\do8(Looking))attheselifelikefigurines,wewereallfelthappy.解析：1．考查冠词。该句意为：上周五，我们班邀请了一位老