一轮学案专题四形容词和副词

专题四形容词和副词核心考点课堂突破高考感悟单句填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis(extreme)challenging.2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)The(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.5.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmoved,(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.6.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.7.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied.8.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.9.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanoftheYear.10.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)“...Wearesoproudofher.It’s(wonder).”11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere(huge)popularwithtourists.考点归纳考点一复合形容词的构成形容词+名词+edkind-hearted名词+形容词world-famous形容词+形容词dark-blue名词+现在分词peace-loving续表形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking名词+过去分词snow-covered副词+现在分词hard-working数词+名词+edthree-legged副词+过去分词newly-built数词+名词twenty-year考点二形容词作定语的位置形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsent,everythingpossible以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossiblealive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith考点三副词的分类时间副词soon,now,early,finally,once,recently频度副词always,often,frequently,seldom,never地点副词here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑问副词how,where,when,why方式副词gently,hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile程度副词extremely,simply,surely,so,almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather关系副词when,where,why考点四形容词与副词的比较级和最高级构成1.形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则◆规则变化构成例词原级比较级最高级单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest续表构成例词原级比较级最高级以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-stfinefinerfinestcutecutercutestableablerablest以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulpopularmorepopularmostpopularefficientlymoreefficientlymostefficiently特别提醒①有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是:common,handsome,quiet,wicked,pleasant,cruel,stupid和以-ow,-er结尾的词。②有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right(正确的),wrong(错误的),excellent(优秀的),favourite(最喜爱的),possible(可能的),empty(空的)等。◆不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.形容词和副词比较等级常见句式项目例句as...as.../notso(as)...as...,意为“和……(不)一样……”Sheisastallashermother.Iamnotas/sogoodaplayerasyouare.比较级(+than),意为“一方比另一方……”Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.Ihaveneverseenamoreinterestingfilm.less+原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……”Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.续表项目例句the+比较级,the+比较级,意为“越……越……”Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……”Heismoreshythanunfriendly.以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等ThebookissuperiortothatoneIjustfinishedreading.no+比较级+than两者都不Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatonce.The+比较级+ofthetwo两者中较为……theolderofthetwo注意1.可以修饰比较级的程度副词有:still,rather,much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,byfar,agreatdeal2.常用as...as结构的词组:(1)aslongas只要(2)asfaras远到……;就……而言(3)assoonas一……就……(4)aswellas既……又;和……一样好(5)asgoodas与……几乎一样;几乎;简直是;和……一样好(6)as...aspossible尽可能……(7)asbusyasabee非常忙碌考点五倍数的表达Ais+倍数+比较级+than+BThisbuildingisthreetimeshigherthanthatone.Ais+倍数+as+原级+as+BThisbuildingisthreetimesashighasthatone.Ais+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height等)+of+BThisbuildingisthreetimestheheightofthatone.Ais+倍数+that+of+BTheoutputofthisyearis3timesthatof2019.Ais+倍数+what引导的名词性从句Theoutputofthisyearis3timeswhatitwasin2019.考点六常用的分词形容词和副词有些动词的分词可以用作形容词,在该形容词后加-ly则可以构成相应的副词。形容词副词exciting令人兴奋的excited兴奋的excitingly令人兴奋地excitedly兴奋地disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的disappointingly令人失望地disappointedly失望地续表形容词副词surprising令人吃惊的surprised吃惊的surprisingly令人吃惊地surprisedly吃惊地shocking令人震惊的shocked震惊的shockingly令人震惊地shockedly震惊地amazing令人惊奇的amazed感到惊奇的amazingly令人惊奇地amazedly感到惊奇地续表形容词副词interesting有趣的interested感兴趣的interestingly有趣地interestedly感兴趣地embarrassing令人尴尬的embarrassed感到尴尬的embarrassingly令人尴尬地embarrassedly感到尴尬地confusing令人感到困惑的confused感到困惑的confusingly令人感到困惑地confusedly感到困惑地专项训练巩固提升Ⅰ.单句填空1.Infact,1924isoftenconsideredthebeginningofa(true)modernOlympicera.2.Raymond’sparentswantedhimtohavethe(good)possibleeducation.3.Thenewgroupofstudentsisbetter-behavedthantheothergroupwhostayedhere(early).4.Thefinalscoreofthebasketballmatchwas93-94.Wewereonly(narrow)beaten.5.Alanisacarefuldriver,buthedrivestheleast(careful)ofmyfriends.6.Shedevotedherself(entire)toherresearchanditearnedheragoodreputationinherfield.7.Thecommitteeisdiscussingtheproblemrightnow.Itwill(hope)havebeensolvedbytheendofnextweek.8.Scientistshopethattheseprecautionswillpreventany(far)damagetothepaintings.9.Bobranthe100metersin9.91seconds,andIhavenotseena(good)onethisyear.10.MrSmithusedtosmoke(heavy)buthehasgivenitup.Ⅱ.语法填空Sometimeago,afriendofmine,whoworkedinapartofthecityIdidn’tknowvery1.(good),invitedmetocallonhim.IttookmehourstogetthereandItook2.(greatly)troubletofindaproperspottoparkmycar.AsIwasalreadythree-quartersofanhourlate,Iparkedmycar3.(quick).Atnoon,justasIwasleavingmyfriend’soffice,it4.(sudden)struckmethatIhadnoideawhereIhadparkedmycar.Icould5.(hard)gouptoapolicemanandtellhimthatIhadlostasmallgreencarsomewhere!Walkingdownthestreet,Iexaminedeachcar6.(cl