四级英语选词填空练习汇总

练习一Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscan__1__performanceatworkandschool.Cognitive(认识派的)researchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceon__2__andgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,__3__amongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmall__4__rewardsspeakscreativityingradeschoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducements(刺激)indeed__5__inventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelatively__6__task,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasyto__7__creativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsourhighgradesfor__8__achievementendsuPwithuninspiredstudents,Eisenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsand__9__failinggrades.

Inearlygrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,shows__10__inraisingeffortsandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

A)mentalF)especiallyK)generallyB)promiseG)aidL)improveC)killH)ordinaryM)challengingD)avoidI)approvalN)restoreE)hopeJ)monetaryO)excellent练习二Readingisthoughttobeakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetext.Thereaderputsquestions,asitwere,tothetextandgetsanswers.Inthelightoftheseheputs__1__questions,andsoon.

Formostofthetimethis“conversation”goesonbelowthelevelofconsciousness.Attimes,however,webecome__2__ofit.Thisisusuallywhenwearerunningintodifficulties,whenmismatchisoccurringbetween__3__andmeaning.Whensuccessfulmatchingisbeingexperienced,ourquestionofthetextcontinuesattheunconsciouslevel.

Differentpeople__4__withthetextdifferently.Somestayveryclosetothewordsonthepage,otherstakeoffimaginativelyfromthewords,interpreting,criticizing,analyzingandexamining.Theformerrepresentsakindofcomprehensionwhichis__5__inthetext.Thelatterrepresents__6__levelsofcomprehension.Thebalancebetweentheseisimportant,especiallyforadvancedreaders.

Thereisanotherconversationwhichfromourpointofviewis__7__important,andthatistodonotwithwhatisreadbutwithhowitisread.Wecallthisa“process”conversationas__8__toa“content”conversation.Itisconcernednotwithmeaningbutwiththe__9__weemployinreading.Ifweareanadvancedreaderourabilitytoholdaprocessconversationwithatextisusuallyprettywell__10__.Notsoourabilitytoholdacontentconversation.

A)opposedB)converseC)equallyD)written

E)developedF)strategiesG)comparedH)awake

I)higherJ)expectationsK)dealL)absolutely

M)awareN)betterO)further

练习三Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhasever_____spellingorconsidereditunimportantasabasicskill.Thereare,however,vastlydifferentideasabouthowtoteachit,orhowmuch_____itmustbegivenovergenerallanguagedevelopmentandwritingability.Theproblemis,howtoencourageachildtoexpresshimselffreelyand_____inwritingwithoutholdinghimbackwiththecomplexitiesofspelling?Ifspellingbecometheonlyfocalpointofhisteacher’sinterest,clearlya__4__childwillbelikelyto“playsafe”.Hewilltendtowriteonlywordswithinhisspellingrange,choosingtoavoid__5__language.That’swhyteachersoften__6__theearlyuseofdictionariesandpayattentiontocontentratherthantechnicalability.Iwasonceshockedtoreadonthebottomofasensitivepieceofwritingaboutapersonalexperience：“Thisworkis__7__!Therearefartoomanyspellingerrorsandyourwritingisillegible(难以辨认的).”ItmayhavebeenasharP__8__ofthepupil’stechnicalabilitiesinwriting,butitwasalsoasadreflectionontheteacherwhohadomittedtoreadtheessay,which__9__somebeautifulexpressionsofthechild’sdeePfeelings.Theteacherwasnotwrongtodrawattentiontotheerrors,butifhisprioritieshadcentredonthechild’sideas,anexpressionofhisdisappointmentwiththepresentationwouldhavegiventhepupilmore__10__toseekimprovement.

A)priorityB)criticismC)containedD)clearlyE)adventurousF)discourageG)motivationH)terribleI)ignoredJ)difficultK)encourageL)expressedM)confidentlyN)brightO)motiveL)expressed练习四Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountof__1__orstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychologicalandresearchhasindicatedthatitcanleadtoburnout.Burnouthasbeendescribedas__2__orquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentare__3__yearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexample,learnhowto__4__withothers,makefriends,andgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedbacktoyoungsterscan__5__affecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents’andcoaches’criticismstoheartandfindaflaw（缺陷）inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobe__6__thatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Thatoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthanthe__7__oflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday’syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmaybeworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadof__8__themselvesandthesport.Followingagamemanyparentsandcoaches__9__ontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungsters’performances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementmotivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthatcriticism.Again,criticismcancreate__10__levelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.

A)processB)highC)enjoyingD)anxietyE)settleF)cautiousG)cooperateH)greatlyI)droppingJ)hardlyK)intenseL)focusM)aspirationN)criticalO)procedure

练习五ThefirstmodernOlympicGameswasheldinAthens（雅典)in1896andonlytwelvenationsparticipated.Besidesthehostnationmanparticipantsweretouristswho__1__tobeinGreeceatthetime.Thoughthewholeaffairwas__2__andthestandardwasnothigh,theoldprincipleofamateursportwaskeptup.Sincethenthegameshadbeenheldeveryfouryearsexceptduringthe__3__ofthetwoWorldWar.Thiswas__4__adeparturefromtheoldOlympicspiritwhenwarshadtostoPandmakewayforthegames.Thegameshavegrownenormouslyinscaleand__5__performanceshavenowreachedunprecedentedheights.Unfortunatelythesamecannotbesaidabouttheir__6__standard.InsteadofOlympia,themoderngamesarenowheldindifferentcitiesallovertheworld.Inevitablypoliticsandcommercialismgetinvolvedascountriesvieeachotherfor(为而互相竞争)the__7__toholdthegamesbecauseofthepoliticalprestigeandcommercialprofittobe__8__outofthem.Inthe11thgamesheldinBerlinin1936,Hitlerwhohadnewlycometo__9__inGermanytriedtousetheoccasionforhisNazipropaganda.ForthefirsttimetheOlympicflamewasbroughtallthewayfromOlympiatothegamessiteinrelays,amarathonjourneynowoftentakingmonthsto__10__.A)honourB)accomplishC)hadD)moralE)arriveF)occuredG)endH)powerI)happenedJ)definitelyK)PhysicalL)informalM)interruptionN)especiallyO)irregular

练习六It’snevereasytoadmityouareinthewrong.Beinghuman,weallneedtoknowtheartofapologizing.Lookbackwithhonestyandthinkhowoftenyou’vejudgedroughly,said__1__things,pushedyourselfaheadattheexpenseofafriend.Thencounttheoccasionswhenyouindicatedclearlyand__2__thatyouweresorry.Abitfrightening,isn’tit?FrighteningbecausesomedeePwisdominusknowsthatwhenevenasmallwronghasbeencommitted,somemysteriousmoralfeelingis__3__,anditstaysoutofbalanceuntilfaultisacknowledgedand__4__isexpressed.Irememberadoctorfriend,tellingmeaboutamanwhocametohimwithavarietyofsigns:headaches,insomniaandstomachtrouble.No__5__causecouldbefound.Finallymyfriendsaidtotheman,"Unlessyoutellmewhat’sworryingyou,Ican’thelPyou."Aftersomehesitation,theman__6__that,asexecutorofhisfaher’swill,hehadbeencheatinghisbrother,wholivedabroad,ofhis__7__.Thenandtherethewiseolddoctormadethemanwritetohisbrotherasking__8__andenclosingachequeasthefirststePinrestoringtheirgoodrelation.Hethenwentwithhimtomailboxinthecorridor.Astheletterdisappeared,themanburstintotears."Thankyou,"Hesaid,"IthinkI’m__9__."Andhewas.Aheartfeltapologycannotonly__10__adamagedrelationshiPbutalsomakeitstronger.Ifyoucanthinkofsomeonewhodeservesanapologyfromyou,someoneyouhavewronged,orjustneglected,dosomethingaboutitrightnow.A)healB)mentalC)unkindD)regretE)accuratelyF)confessedG)inheritanceH)physicalI)curedJ)treatK)trulyL)unfaithfulM)forgivenessN)disturbedO)excuse

练习七Manyayoungpersontellsmehewantstobeawriter.Ialways__1__suchpeople,butIalsoexplainthatthere’sabigdifferencebetween"beingawriter"andwriting.Inmostcasestheseindividualsaredreamingof__2__andfame,notthelonghoursaloneatatypewriter."You’vegottowanttowrite,"Isaytothem,"notwanttobeawriter."Therealityisthatwritingisa__3__,privateandpoor-payingaffair.Foreverywriterkissedbyfortunetherearethousandsmorewhoselongingisnever__4__.WhenIlefta20-yearcareerintheUS.CoastGuardtobecomeafreelancewriter(自由撰稿人),Ihadno__5__atall.WhatIdidhavewasafriendwhofoundmemyroominaNewYorkapartmentbuilding.Itdidn’tevenmatterthatitwas__6__andhadnobathroom.Iimmediatelyboughtausedmanualtypewriterandfeltlikea__7__writer.Afterayearorso,however,Istillhadn’tgottenabreakandbeganto__8__myself.Itwassohardtosellastorythat__9__madeenoughtoeat.ButIknewIwantedtowrite.Ihaddreamedaboutitforyears.Iwasn’tgoingtobeoneofthosepeoplewhodiewondering,whatif?Iwouldkeeoputtingmydreamtothetesteventhoughitmeantlivingwith__10__andfearoffailure.ThisistheShadowlandofhope,andanyonewithadreamlearntolivethere.A)barelyB)genuineC)rewardedD)doubtE)lonelyF)povertyG)persuadeH)prospectsI)uncertaintyJ)impossiblyK)encourageL)awardedM)aloneN)wealthO)cold

练习八Thetypicalpre-industrialfamilynotonlyhadagoodmanychildren,butnumerousotherdependentsaswellgrandparents,uncles,auntsandcousions.Such"extended"familiesweresuitedforsurvivalinslowpaced__1__societies.Butsuchfamiliesarehardto__2__.Theyareimmobile.Industrialismdemandedmassesofworkersreadyandabletomoveoffthelandinpursuitofjobs,andtomoveagainwhenevernecessary.Thustheextendedfamily__3__sheditsexcessweightandtheso-called"nuclear"familyemergedastripped-down,portablefamilyunit__4__onlyofparentsandasmallsetofchildren.Thisnewstylefamily,farmore__5__thanthetraditionalextendedfamily,becamethestandardmodelinalltheindustrialcounties.Super-industrialism,however,thenextstageofeco-technologicaldevelopment,__6__evenhighermobility.Thuswemayexpectmanyamongthepeopleofthefuturetocarrythestreamlinlingprocess,astePfurtherbyremainingchildren,cuttingthefamilydowntoitsmore__7__components,amanandawoman.Twopeople,perhapswithmatchedcareers,willprovemoreefficientatnavigatingthrougheducationandsocialstatus,throughjobchangesandgeographicrelocations,thantehordinarilychild-clutteredfamily.A__8__maybethepostponementofchildren,ratherthanchildlessness.Menandwomentodayareoftentornin__9__betweenacommitmenttocareerandacommitmenttochildren.Inthefuture,many__10__willsidestePthisproblembydeferringtheentiretaskofraisingchildrenuntilafterretirement.A)transplantB)solutionC)gaduallyD)transportE)elementalF)conflictG)continuallyH)mobileI)couplesJ)agriculturalK)includingL)compromiseM)requiresN)primaryO)consisting

练习九VideoconferencingisnothingmorethanatelevisionsetorPCmonitorwithacameraThroughthevideocenferencing,notonlyyourvoicebutalsoyourface,thesurroundingsandanyothergraphicandphisical__1__canbecapturedandtransmittedthroughthecommunicationsystemwithorwithoutwires.Ofcourse,whenyougointothedetails,thetechnologyinvolvedisvery__2__andthesubjectmatterlitteredwithjargon.SuchasISDN(IntegratedServicesDigitalNetwork),POTS(PlainOldTelephoneService)orthe__3__behindbandwidth,latencyandisochronywhichareusedtoexplainhowvideoconferencingworks.Goodpeoplecommunicationis__4__inanybusiness,andthemoreinteractionyoucanachieve,themorelikelyitisthatyour__5__willbetherightones.Videoconferencingnotonlyallowsyoutospeaktopeopleindifferentlocations,butalsonote__6__expressionsandgesturesthatletyouknowwhattheotherpersonisreallythinking.Meetingsaremademore__7__bysharingdocumentsandcomputerapplicationsthatasimpletelephonecannot__8__.__9__,organizationsarediscoveringthecompetitiveadvantagesandthepowerofvideoconferencing.Withadvancesinperformance,economicalpricing,theabilityto__10__essentialmeetingtoolsandconnectivitytoglobaltelephonenetworksandstandardizedvideoconferencingprotocols,videoconferencingisnowapracticalrealityforanyorganization.A)fortunatelyB)effectiveC)imagesD)articulateE)facialF)manageG)decisionsH)connectI)advancedJ)integrateK)progressiveL)conceptsM）picturesN)increasinglyO)important

练习十Nowadays,isitpossibletotellaperson’sclassjustbylookingathim?Physicaldetails__1__tellusabouthealth,dietandtypeofworkdone.Ahundredyearsagotheworkingclassveryoftenlookdunhealthy,smallandwereeithertoothinortoofat.Theupperclasseswereoften__2__,sportingtypeswhowereusedtoagooddietandlookedhealthy.Todaylivingandworkingconditionshaveimproved,andsuch__3__wouldnolongerbesotrue.Theclothespeoplechoosetowear,however,doprovideinformationabouttheir__4__.Themostobviouswayinwhichisfortheamountofmoneyspentonthem.Expensiveclotheslookexpensiveandshowtheirwearerhadmoney.Clothescanprovideother__5__aswell.Theupperclasses__6__tobelessinterestedinfashionandweargoodqualityclothesinnon-brightcolours,madeofnaturalmateriallikewool,leatherorcotton.Lowerworkingclasspeopleoftenchooseclothesinbrightcolours,madeofman-madematerial.Asociologicalexplanationforthiswouldbethatcolorandinterestaremssingfromtheirlives,andthereforeanyopportunitytointroducethisis__7__.Clothesare__8__atapricewithinmostpeople’sreach.Newclothesmakethewearerfeelgood,andshowsome__9__ofwealthtotheoutsideworld.Todaysomenewfashionsarestartedbythelowerworkingclasspeoplewhowanttolook__10__andfeelimportant.Theywantpeopletolookatthem.A)availableB)backgroundC)differentD)tallE)totallyF)takenG)descriptionsH)degreeI)cluesJ)aloneK)appearL)considerM)fullN)hobbyO)fetched练习十一Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Butrelaxationis__1__forahealthymindandbody.

Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowayto__2__it.Infact,itisnotthebadthingasitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutof__3__thatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.

Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplwarenotafraidofstress,andsuch__4__areobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsightof__5__difficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothphysicallyand__6__.Infactwemakechoicebetween"flightorfight"andinmore__7__daysthechoicesmadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesame__8__.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinued__9__tostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Sincewecannot__10__stressfromourlivesitwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould,weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.

A)exposureB)charactersC)answerD)chemicallyE)avoidF)psychologicallyG)primitiveH)transferI)unusualJ)controlK)removeL)escapeM)responseN)backwardO)essential

练习十二Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividualty,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform.Whyareuniformsso__1__intheUnitedStates?

Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmore__2__thancivilian（百姓的）clothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedto__3__superiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendsto__4__moretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithinthe__5__ofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whataneasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaiterto__6__professionalidentity（身份）thantostepoutofuniform?Uniformsalsohavemany__7__benefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.

Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossof__8__experiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,without__9__,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andact__10__,onthejobatleast.

[A]skill[B]popular[C]get[D]change[E]similarly[F]professional[G]character[H]individuality[I]inspire[J]differently[K]expect[L]practical[M]recall[N]lose[O]ordinary练习十三Asisknowntoall,theorganizationandmanagementofwagesandsalariesareverycomplex.Generallyspeaking,theAccountsDepartmentis__1__forcalculationsofpay,whilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay.

Ifafirmwantsto__2__anewwageandsalarystructure,itisessentialthatthefirmshoulddecideona__3__ofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperformanceofitsemployees.Inordertobe__4__,thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers.Injobevaluation,alloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription.Eachofthsoerequirementsisgivenavalue,usuallyin"points",whichare__5__togethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhighermanagement,aspecialmethodisusedtoevaluatemanagersontheirknowledgeofthejob,theirresponsibility,andtheir__6__tosolveproblems.Becauseofthedifficultyinmeasuringmanagementwork,however,jobgradesformanagersareoftendecidedwithout__7__toanevaluationsystembasedonpoints.

Inattemptingtodesignapaysystem,thePersonnelDepartmentshould__8__thevalueofeachjobwiththeseinthejobmarket.__9__,paymentforajobshouldvarywithanydifferencesinthewaythatthejobisperformed.Whereitissimpletomeasuretheworkdone,asintheworksdonewithhands,monetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosen,for__10__workers,wheremeasurementisdifficult,methodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed.

[A]compare[B]responsible[C]useful[D]added[E]find[F]reference[G]indirect[H]method[I]successful[J]combined[K]Necessarily[L]capacity[M]ability[N]Basically[O]adopt

练习十四AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994,earthquakescientistshadgoodnewstoreport:Thedamageanddeathtoll(死亡人数)couldhavebeenmuchworse.Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,andearthquakeofsimilar__1__thatshookAmericain1998claimed25,000victims.

Injuriesanddeathswere__2__lessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccurredat4:31a.m.Onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity’shighway.Inaddition,__3__madetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmore__4__toquakes.

Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resist-antmeantfirmyet__5__materials,suchassteelandwood,thatbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,andinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationto__6__theimpactofgroundvibrations.Themost__7__designsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports,calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoanearthquake’svibrations.Whengroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,thecomputerwould__8__thebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreater__9__tocitieswhereearthquakesofentakeplace.

Thenewsmartstructurescouldbevery__10__tobuild.However,theywouldsavemanylivesandwouldbelesslikelytobedamagedduringearthquakes.

[A]changes[B]flexible[C]decrease[D]recent[E]push[F]reduce[G]relatively[H]safety[I]resistant[J]expensive[K]force[M]intensity[N]security[O]opposed

练习十五Britainisnotjustonecountryandonepeople;evenifsomeofitsinhabitantsthinkso.Britainis,infact,anationwhichcanbedividedintoseveral__1__parts,eachpartbeinganindividualcountrywithitsownlanguage,characterandcultural__2__.ThusScotland,NorthernIrelandandWalesdonotclaimto__3__to"England"becausetheirinhabitantsarenot__4__"English".TheyareScottish,IrishorWelshandmanyofthemprefertospeaktheirownnativetongue,whichinturnis__5__totheothers.

Theseculturalminorities(少数民族)havebeenBritain’soriginalinhabitants.Invaryingdegreestheyhavemanagedto__6__theirnationalcharacteristics,andtheirparticularcustomsandwayoflife.Thisisprobablyevenmoretureofthe__7__areaswheretraditionalifehasnotbeensoaffectedbythe__8__ofindustrialismastheborderareashavebeen.TheCelticracesaresaidtobemoreemotionalbynaturethantheEnglish.AnIrishtemperislegendary.TheScotscouldrather__9__abouttheirreputationforexcessivethriftandprefertoberememberedfortheirfolksongsanddances,whiletheWelsharefamousfortheirsinging.TheCeltic__10__asawholeproduceshumorouswritersandartists,suchastheIrishBernardShaw,theScottishRobertBurns,andtheWelshDylanThomas,tomentionbutafew.

[A]incomprehensible[B]temper[C]remote[D]separate[E]understandable

[F]forget[G]generally[H]temperament[I]preserve[J]strictly

[K]traditional[L]reserve[M]growth[N]apply[O]belong

练习十六WhatisitaboutAmericansandfood?Welovetoeat,butwefeel1aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebest,butwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re2withhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity(肥胖).Perhapsthe3tothisambivalence(矛盾情结)liesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspicesbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcrop(经济作物)wasn’teatenbutsmoked.ThentherewasProhibition,intendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore4waysofdoingit.Theimmigrantexperience,too,hasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRomansdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eat,butournation’sfoodhascometobe5byimports—pizza,say,orhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles.Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesitinsatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconceptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatforpolitical6Butstrongopinionshavenotbrought7.Americansareambivalentaboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Wehavebecome8ofourfoods,especiallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain.The9infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’snocoincidence,then,thatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericanimaginationinsuchbondage(束缚).It’swhatweeat—andhowwe10itwithfriends,family,andstrangers—thathelpdefineAmericaasacommunitytoday.A.answerB.resultC.shareD.guiltyE.constantF.definedG.vanishH.adaptedI.creativeJ.beliefK.suspiciousL.certaintyM.obsessedN.identifyO.ideals练习十七Wisebuyingisapositivewayinwhichyoucanmakeyourmoneygofurther.Thewayyougoaboutpurchasinganarticleoraservicecanactually1youmoneyorcanaddtothecost.Takethe2exampleofahairdryer.Ifyouarebuyingahairdryer,youmightthinkthatyouaremakingt