人教课标高二选修8-Unit-Cloning

Unit2Cloning1.知识清单2.单词名词correction,objection,constitution,loaf,medium,assumption,regulation,claw,decoration,opera,twin,breakthrough,procedure,carrier,chorus,drawback,feather,turkey,flour动词differ,undertake,cast,object,obtain,attain,forbid,owe,accumulate,retire,bother,strike,resist,adore,hatch形容词exact,straightforward,moral,unable,commercial,arbitrary,vain,initial,compulsory,conservative,reasonable副词altogether,shortly,merely3.短语词汇表payoff,castdown,infavourof,(be)boundto(do),strike...

intoone’sheart,fromtimetotime,bringbacktolife,invain,ingood/poorcondition课文中allthetime,quantitiesof,makeupone’smind,lookbackon,amatteroftime,ontheotherhand,haveagreatimpacton句式while连接两个并列分句e.g.Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated.语法复习同位语4.1.___________vt.扔；投；掷2.___________vt.打搅vi.操心n.烦扰3.___________vt.(forbade,forbad;forbidden)禁止；不准4.___________vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱5.___________vi.退休；离开6.___________adj.不能的，不会的7.___________vt.&vi.孵出；孵卵；孵化castbotherforbidadoreretireunablehatch单词(一)根本单词5.8._____________adj.道德上的，伦理的9._____________n.程序；步骤；手续10.____________n.装饰11.____________adv.仅；只；不过12.____________n.突破13.____________n.规那么；规章；法律14.____________n.假定；设想15.____________vi.获得；赢得16.____________vt.&vi.积累；聚积17.____________vt.(undertook;undertaken)着手；从事；承担moralproceduredecorationmerelybreakthroughregulationassumptionobtainaccumulateundertake6.18.___________n.双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj.成对的；成双的19.______________adj.简单的；直接的；坦率的20.___________adv.总共；完全地21.___________adj.任意的22.___________n.(plmedia)媒介；手段；工具23.___________vt.获得；到达〔水平、年龄、状况等〕24.___________adj.保守的；守旧的twinstraightforwardaltogetherarbitrarymediumattainconservative7.25.___________n.宪法；章程26.___________adj.必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的27.___________vt.欠〔账、钱、人情等〕；归功于……28.___________adv.立刻；不久29.___________vt.&vi.(struck,struck)打；撞击；罢工n.罢工30.__________adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的constitutioncompulsoryoweshortlystrikevain8.1.__________vi.

相异；不同→___________adj.

不同的2.__________adj.

精确的；准确的→___________adv.

准确地3.__________adj.

商业的；贸易的→___________n.

贸易4.__________n.

改正；纠正；修正→___________adj.

正确的；得体的

v.

改正；纠正differdifferentexactexactlycommercialcommercecorrectioncorrect(二)派生单词9.5.__________vi.

反对；不赞成→___________n.

不赞成；反对；异议6.__________adj.

最初的；开始的→___________adv.

最初7.__________vt.

抵抗；对抗→___________n.抵抗；抵触；反对；阻力8.__________adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→____________(反义)adj.不合理的；过度的；不切实际的objectobjectioninitialinitiallyresistresistancereasonableunreasonable10.1._____________得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2._____________沮丧；不愉快3._____________群众传播媒体〔如电视、报纸等〕4._____________赞成；支持5._____________旁路；支线；岔道6._________________一定或注定〔做〕……payoffcastdownthemediainfavourofsideroad(be)boundto(do)…短语11.7.______________________使……刻骨铭心8._________________不时；偶尔9._________________使复生；使复活10.________________白费力气；枉费心机11.____________________状况很好〔坏〕；情况很好〔坏〕strike…intoone’sheartfromtimetotimebringbacktolifeinvainingood/poorcondition12.TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNAwhichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow.句式结构分析：虽然句子不长，但却从句套从句，共有三个从句。13.核心要点14.1.objectvi.

反对；不赞成(常接介词to)【归纳】objecttosb./sth.=objecttodoingsth./tosb.doingsth.不同意；不赞成；反对【拓展】objectionn.

反对，异议objectiveadj.

客观的，就事论事的单词15.【运用】用object的适当形式填空。1)Hedidn’tmean___________tomyproposal,butdidit.2)Hisideaisreasonableand____________.toobjectobjective16.【归纳】obtainsth.from...从……获得……obtainsth.through...

通过(某种方式或手段)获得2.obtainvt.

获得；赢得17.【运用】用适当的介词填空。1)Surfingoninternetisoneofmyhobbies;Icanobtainmuchknowledge______it.2)Allpeoplearedriventopursuehappinessinlife,butthevehicles______________weobtainhappinessaredifferent.fromthroughwhich18.3.owevt.欠〔账、钱、人情等〕；归功于……【归纳】owesb.sth.;owesth.tosb.欠〔债〕owesb.sth.;owesth.tosb./sth.归因于，归功于，起源于owingto因为，由于19.【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。1)Hestill____________(欠我80美元)formywork.2)________________(因为下雨)，wecouldn’tcome.3)多亏有了你我才能活下来。

Iowe______youthatIamstillalive.4)我的成功应该归功于我的老师。

I_________________myteachers.owesme$80Owingtotherainowemysuccesstoitto20.4.bother

【归纳】bother既可作动词，也可作名词。

bother作动词：①使烦恼，使难受。常用结构：bothersb.that...;bothersb.with/aboutsth.;bothersb.todosth.。如：

Itreallybotheredmethathe’dforgottenmybirthday.I’msorrythatIhavetobotheryouwith/aboutthisproblem.He’salwaysbotheringmetolendhimmoney.21.②花费时间或精力〔做某事〕。常用结构：botherwith/aboutsth.;bothertodosth.;botherdoingsth.。如：Hedidn’tbotherwithareply.Don’tbothertogetdinnerformetoday;I’lleatout.Manyyoungpeopledidn’tbothervoting.22.③打搅，搭话烦扰。如：StopbotheringmewhenI’mworking.bother作名词，意为“麻烦，困难，令人烦恼的人或事〞。如：Didyouhavemuchbotherfindingthehouse?Whatabother!We’vemissedthebus.23.bother干扰别人正常工作和生活，可能是成心的。disturb使人失去正常秩序而一时不得安宁，语气比bother弱。trouble指在心情上失去平衡而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便，也常用于礼貌请求，MayItroubleyoufor…?bother,disturb,trouble24.【运用】完成以下句子。1)他老是打给我，使我厌烦得很。Hisphoningmeallthetime______________.2)什么事令你忧虑不安—经济问题吗？What’s_____________—moneyproblems?3)她轻轻的开门，以免惊扰了睡着的孩子。Sheopenedthedoorquietlysoasnotto_______thesleepingchild.troublingyoubothersmealotdisturb25.5.resistv.【归纳】①抵抗，回击，对抗。如：Shewaschargedwithresistingarrest.Thesoldiersresisted(theenemyattacks)fortwodays.②抵抗，阻挡。其后接动词作宾语时，要用动词-ing形式。如：Thebankstronglyresistedcuttinginterestrates.26.③忍住，抵挡。其后接动词作宾语时，要用动词-ing形式。如：Johncouldn’tresistshowingoffhisnewcar.④不受〔某事物〕的损害或影响，抗，耐。如：Ahealthydietshouldhelpyourbodyresistinfection.Weneedakindofglassthatresistsheat.【拓展】resistancen.抵抗，对抗，电阻，抵抗力resistantadj.抵抗的，有抵抗力的27.6.strike

vt.&vi.(struck,struck)

打；撞击；罢工

n.

罢工【归纳】strike…with…用……敲打……strikeagainst撞到……Itstrikesb.that.某人突然意识到

bestruckby…被……打动；深受感动

beonstrike在罢工28.【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。1)Hewassoangrythathe_________________hisfist.

他气得用拳头砸桌子。2)Thevisitors_____________thebeautyofthetouristarea.

游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。3)___________________thatwecoulduseacomputertodothejob.

突然想到我们可以用电脑去做这项工作。werestruckbystruckthetablewithItsuddenlystruckme29.7.vainadj.

虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的【归纳】invain白费力气；枉费心机【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。1)Sheclosedhereyestightly_______________toholdbackthetears.

她紧闭双眼，却无法忍住眼泪。2)我们所有的努力都付诸东流了。

Alloureffortswere_______.invaininavainattempt30.8.undertakevt.(undertook;undertaken)着手；从事；承担【归纳】undertakesth.承担某事undertaketodosth.许诺做某事；同意做某事undertakethat…保证……31.【归纳】paysb.forsth.=paysth.tosb.forsth.

付钱给某人做为……的费用

payforsth.为某事吃苦头或受惩罚；花钱买某物

payback还钱；报复

payattentionto注意

payavisitto访问1.payoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清

短语32.【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。①Ifyoudon’tworkhardnow,you’ll_______itlaterwhenyoufailyourexams.

你现在不好好学习，以后考试不及格时就得为此付出代价。②He____________bynotcoming.

他以不来的方式报复了我。③Withthehelpofalotofpeople,ourplan________(成功了).payforpaidmebackpaidoff33.2.infavourof支持，赞成【拓展】

与infavourof同义或反义的常用短语：

approveof赞同，赞许

befor赞成，主张

onone’sside在某人一边

beagainst反对

objectto不赞成，反对34.3.ingood/poorcondition状况很好〔坏〕；情况很好〔坏〕【归纳】outofcondition健康状况欠佳working/living/studyingcondition工作/生活/学习环境oncondition(that)…在……条件下；倘假设……onnocondition决不；一点也不〔放在句首，句子用局部倒装〕35.TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNAwhichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow.句式36.结构分析：本句句子不长，但共有三个从句。主句是Theinitialrequirementisthat...，其中that引导的是一个______从句；在这个主语从句中whichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow是______从句，修饰先行词perfectDNA；在这个定语从句中howcellsaretogrow(细胞如何生长)是一个______从句，作for的宾语；forhowcellsaretogrow这个介词短语作定语，修饰information，即“细胞如何生长的信息〞。主语定语宾语37.【考例】1.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea_____hedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.

A.when

B.why

C.that

D.how

引导同位语从句，对idea作进一步的解释。由that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities可知，不知道他拒绝那所大学的原因。语法同位语从句点拨38.2.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief_____youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.

A.how

B.that

C.which

D.whether

引导同位语从句，对belief作进一步的解释，又因从句意义完整且不缺任何成分。39.3.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon_____themeetingwouldbepostponed.A.when

B.that

C.whether

D.how

引导同位语从句，对notice作进一步的解释，又因从句意义完整且不缺任何成分。40.【拓展】同位语从句与定语从句的区别：1.同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是说明名词的内容；定语从句是形容词性的，其功能通常是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，说明其性质、特征等。41.2.

引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中没有含义、不作成分，一般不能省略；引导定语从句的that是关系代词，可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。如：

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchisencouraging.(同位语从句)Thenews(that)weheardontheradioyesterdaywastrue.(定语从句)42.【运用】用适当连接词/关系词完成短文。

Workingparentsoftenputtheirkidsindaycarecenter.Whilemostparentsinterviewedsaytheyaresatisfiedwiththedaycare1.__________theyuse,expertshavethebelief2.______onlyabout12percentofchildrenreceivehighqualitycare.Manyparentsreallyhavenoidea3._____goodtheirdaycareserviceis.that/whichthathow43.Whenchoosingadaycarecenter,ofcourseparentswanttoknowhowmuchitcosts.Buttherearemanyotherquestions4.__________parentsshouldask.Parentsneedtoknowifthecaregiverislovingandrespondstothechild’sneeds.Doesthecaregiverhugthechild,talktothechild,playwiththechild?

However,expertsmakethesuggestion5._____parentsshouldnotputtheirbabiesinchildcarecenterforthefirstfourmonths.Duringthistime,itisimportantforbabiestoformanattachmenttotheirmothers.that/which

that44.【写作任务】

最近你班进行了一次主题为Shouldhumancloningbeallowed的讨论。请你根据表格中的提示用英语写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况，并谈谈自己的看法，然后发表在你校英语网站上。写作如何写议论文45.支持：1.帮助不能生育的人拥有自己的孩子；2.可以维持或挽救人的生命。反对：1.有悖于伦理与道德；2.易被邪恶头目或恐怖分子利用。

注意：1.词数100左右〔开头已给出，不计入总词数〕；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.参考词汇：伦理ethic

道德morality46.【写作指导】

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，说明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文写作多为限定写作，其论点、论据和论证都比较明确。常见题型主要有话题探讨、观点比照、图表揭示和漫画评述等。

论文分三个根本段落：第一段引出话题；第二段提出正反两方面的观点，陈述各自理由；第三段总结利弊，说明态度。47.在具体写作中要注意以下几点：1.话题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水；2.正反比照论据要正确，条理要清楚，语言应准确、精炼；3.作者的观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可；4.议论文的主体时态多用一般现在时；5.尽量防止同一单词、句型的重复使用，多采用同义词、相似结构，使表达多样化。48.【常用表达】开头：Wehavehadadiscussiononhowto/whether/...Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionson...Inthediscussionon...,peoplehaveseveraldifferentopinions.Peopleholddifferentopinionsonwhether/...Peopletakedifferentattitudestowards...49.主体：Thosewhoagree...think...Peoplewhoareagainst...think...Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodto...

because...Somepeoplethink...,whileothersarguethat...Ontheonehand,...,ontheotherhand,...Onthecontrary,somepeoplethink...Firstly/First/Firsttoall...Secondly/Second...Lastly/Lastbutnotleast...50.结尾：Inshort,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat...Ithink/don’tthink...Ithinkwhether...ornotdependson...Frommypointofview/AsfarasIamconcerned/Inmyopinion,...51.【参考范文】Recentlyourclasshashadadiscussiononwhetherhumancloningshouldbeallowed.Differentstudentshavedifferentopinions.Someareforhumancloningbecausetheythinkitwillhelpthosewhoaren’tabletogivebabiesachievetheirdreams.Besides,humancloninghelpsmaintainorsavepeople’slivesashumancellscanbeclonedandusedformedicaltreatments.52.However,thosewhoareagainstitholdtheviewthathumancloningisagainsthumanethicsandmorality.What’sworse,thistechnologycanbeusedbyevilleadersorterrorists,whichwillbringgreatdamagetotheworld.AsfarasIamconcerned,aslongasweusethistechnologytobenefithumans,humancloningshouldbeallowed.53.巩固练习54.I.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.I’mconstantlyastonishedbypeoplewhocanspeaksomany________(differ)languages.2.Wemayaskherafewquestionstomakesureweknow_______(exact)whatshewants.3.Policearrivedatthescene_______(short)aftertheycalled.4.Theaircraft_______(carry)accidentallyhitalittlefishingboat.differentexactly

shortlycarrier55.5.Nowthatyouhaveno________(object),thematterissettled.6.Yourargumentisbasedonacompletelyfalse__________(assume).7.ThechildrenarebusyputtingupChristmas__________(decorate).8.Therearesomeprogrammingerrorsthatneed___________________(correct).9.I’msurethereisaperfectly__________(reason)explanationforhisabsence.objection

assumptiondecorationscorrection/correctingreasonable56.II.根据括号内的汉语提示补全以下句子。1.Allherhardwork_________(得到好结果)intheend,andshefinallypassedtheexam.2.Themothercouldnotbeartoseehersonsomiserableand__________(沮丧).3.ItalkedtoSusanaboutit,andshewas_____________(赞成)goingtherewithus.paidoffcastdowninfavorof57.4.You’vedonesomuchworkthatyou__________________(一定)passtheexam.5.ThoughIleftmyhometownwhenIwasonlyachild,___________________(不时地)Istillthinkofit.6.Theytriedineverywaytheyknewtobringthebirdbacktolife,but_______(白费力气).7.Thehousereallyis______________(状况很糟)—itwouldcostfartoomuchtorepair.inpoorconditionarebound/suretofromtimetotimeinvain58.III.把以下句子改写为含同位语〔从句〕的复合句，并使句意根本保持不变。1.TheCaliforniacoastlineisthelongestofallthestatesanditisanationaltreasureoftheUSA.__________________________________________________________________________2.Thesickelephantthatwasinthethirdcageattackeditstrainer.__________________________________________________________________________Thesickelephant,theoneinthethirdcage,attackeditstrainer.The

California

coastline,thelongestofallthestates,isanationaltreasureofthe

USA.59.4.ThefamousBritishsingerwillcometoChinaandthenewsisveryexciting.______________________________________________________________________________5.TheEarthissteadilywarmingandwemustfacethefact.______________________________________________________________________________6.ExpertsthinkthatwemustreducethereleaseofCO