2023学年完整公开课版不定式3

Infinitive动词不定式的作用

FunctionsofInfinitive

1主语(subject)2宾语(object)3表语(predicative)4定语(attribute)5状语(adverbial)6宾补(objectcomplement)肯定式：to+

动词原形否定式：notto+

动词原形(to是不定式符号，无意义，有时可以不带)动词不定式的结构

不定式之前的to与介词to不同。介词to之后要跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语作宾语；而不定式to之后必须跟动词原形。介词to:to+名词/代词/动名词不定式to:to+动词原形作主语Tohearyourvoiceissonice.（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）Tostudyhardisveryimportant.Itissonicetohearyourvoice.Itisveryimportanttostudyhard.不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。注意:1、Itis+adj.for/ofsb.todosth.It+be+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.

for:adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征（important/necessary/interesting等.）of:adj.多为

描述主语的品质特征（kind/nice/friendly/wise/foolish等.）

作主语Itiseasy_______hertolearnEnglishwell.Itisclever________youtosolvetheproblem.offor2、Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.

Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthehomeworkeveryday.作主语我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。Ispendthreehoursfinishingthehomeworkeveryday.3、Itis+n.(forsb)todosth.

ItismypleasuretohelpyouwithyourEnglish.

作主语4、用在谚语中

Toseeistobelieve.Tosayiseasy,buttodoishard.作主语1、Itisnecessary______ustolearntowait.(of/for)2、Itwascareless______metobreakthecup.

（of/for)3、Ittookthem1,000yuan_________thistable.(buy)4、Itismypleasure_________theboxforyou.(carry)tobuyforoftocarry练习5、轮到我们打扫教室了。

Itisourturn_________________________6、Towastetimeistoshortenlife.（翻译成中文）

tocleantheclassroom.浪费时间就是缩短生命。练习1、动词+todosth.常用动词有：want/wish/like/wouldlike/hope/plan/try/decide/learn/need/agree/begin/start/forget/remember/manage/seem/fail/manage/promise等

1、Ihopetofinishittomorrow.2、Sheplanstogoandteachinthecountry.作宾语2、动词＋疑问词+todo

Idon’tknow____________next.

Shecan’tdecide_________________.

作宾语

2、她不能决定买哪本书。

1、我不知道接下来该做什么。whattodowhichbooktobuy=Shecan’tdecidewhichbooksheshouldbuy.3.动词need,want,require作“需要”之意时，其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词的主动形式，或不定式的被动式。这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。（主语不能做后面所说之事)

Mycarneeds/wants/requiresrepairing.4.有些短语后既可跟动名词也可跟不定式。forget,stop,goon,mean,regret,remember,try,can’thelp等。Pleaseremember_______(hand)inyourhomeworktomorrow.Heremembered______(lock)thedoor.Hewasnotworried.Heforgot_____(tell)methenews.SoIdidn’tknow.Heforgot_______(tell)methenews.Hetoldmeagain.tohandlockingtotelltellingWhenhesawme,hestopped______(say)hellotome.Whenhesawhismother,thebabystopped______(cry).Itwasraininghard,buthewenton________(work)inthefields.Hewenton_______(do)anotherexperiment.tosaycryingworkingtodotoimproveeatingtocleancarrycryingHetried___________(improve)hisappearanceinordertogetapartinthefilm.Hetried_______(eat)lesstoloseweightafterhefailedbyrunningfivekilometersaday.Shecan’thelp_________(clean)thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.Ican’thelp______(carry)theboxforyou,asI’mtootired.Ican’thelp______(cry).作宾语补足语：(v.+sb.+todo)Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.

wantsbtodo wishsbtodo

getsbtodo ordersbtodo

findsbtobe likesbtodo

wouldlikesbtodo helpsbtodo动词多为感官动词、使役动词。使役动词(let,have,make)后边宾补时，省去to,但是在被动语态中要还原to。一感：feel二听：hear,listento三使：make,let,have四看：see,notice,watch,lookatJohn’smothermakeshimplaythepianoeveryday.被动：John_________playthepianoeveryday.ismadeto2、动词+宾语+不带to的不定式巧记省略to的不定式一感二听三使让，四看注意半帮助，主动不能有to字，变成被动词回原位。（一感：feel二听：hear，listento三（使）让：make，let，have四看：see，lookat，watch，observe半帮助：help可带可不带。）

1、Lethim_______theworkatonce.(finish/tofinish)2、Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople______?(talk/talking/totalk)3、Jimwasseen_________theroom.(enter/toenter)4、Pleasetellher_________hereontime.(come/tocome)finishtalktoentertocome练习1、主语+be+todosth

主语多为

duty/wish/hope/idea/plan/ambition/dream/work/job等

名词

1、Myambitionistobeasinger.2、Hisworkistocleantheclassroomeveryday.作表语我的梦想是成为一名歌手。他的工作是每天清扫教室。2、谚语中1、Toknoweverythingistoknownothing.2、Toseeistobelieve.Ihavealotofworktodo.Iwanttofindsomethingtodrink.作定语不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词。I’mlookingforahotel_________.A.stayB.stayatC.tostayD.tostayatD位置：不定式做定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后,可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。Hehasn’tgotahousetolive_____.Ihavenopenstowrite_______.in

with1、原因状语:

主语+be+

adj.(表情感)+todosth.

(happy/gladangry/sorry/sad/afraid等)I’msorrytohearthat.作状语I’mgladtoseeyou.

作状语

表示原因

不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。eg:Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.作状语2.表示目的:toinordertosoasto3.结果状语:

so+adj./adv.+astodo…such+adj.+n.+astodo…adj./adv.+enough+todotoo+adv./adj.+todo

1Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.=Hewassuchafoolastobelieveit.=Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.作状语不定式与疑问词连用常用动词有:askknowlearnteachtellunderstand等。疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加todo可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Hecantellyouwheretogetthebook.Thequestioniswho(m)toask.AllIdidwastogivehimsomeadvice.Hisdreamistotravelallovertheworld.

Lucyneedsafriendtoplaywith.Hewasthelastguesttoarrive.It’sinterestingtoreadasciencefiction.下列不定式作何种成分？（表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）常常表示将来的动作（主语）Hewasgladtoseeyou.

Myfatherofferedtobuyacomputerforme.

HeintervieweddetectiveKentogetsomeinformation.

Thedoctoraskedhimtohavemorefruitandvegetables.（状语）（宾语）（状语）（宾语补足语）下列不定式作何种成分？动词不定式可以充当的句子成分1、作主语2、作宾语3、作宾语补足语4、作表语5、作定语6、作状语1、习惯于beusedto_______

被用于beusedto_______Waterisusedto_____(put)outfires.Iamuse