广东省2022年中考英语复习学案-专题七动词的分类与辨析

专题七动词的分类与辨析广东省卷近5年中考统计情况201720182019202020211.情态动词√√√2.动词短语√√√√√3.动词辨析√√√√4.固定搭配√√√√√动词的基本概念定义动词是用来表示主语做什么,或表示主语是什么或怎么样的词分类按照含义及在句中的作用分成四类:行为动词(也称实义动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词实义动词的基本形式类别用法要求或变化规则示例原形①位于情态动词之后Hecanplaythepiano.他会弹钢琴。②位于助动词之后Didyouhaveagoodtimeyesterday?昨天你玩得开心吗?③位于感官动词或使役动词之后Let’splaybasketballwithJack.我们和杰克一起打篮球吧。④跟在to后面构成动词不定式Tellyourfathertogiveupsmoking.告诉你父亲戒烟。⑤用在一般现在时中Wegetupat6:30.我们六点半起床。第三人称单数在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,动词要用第三人称单数形式。动词第三人称单数形式变化规则①一般动词在词尾加-s构成;②以x,s,ch,sh和o结尾的动词,在词尾加-es;③以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词,先改“y”为“i”后,再加-es。play—plays;speak—speaks;come—comesteach—teaches;go—goes;wash—washesstudy—studies;fly—flies;cry—cries注意:①动词第三人称单数形式不规则变化:have—has;be—is②以元音字母加-y结尾的,直接加-s。如:buys,says,plays,obeys等。现在分词现在分词与be动词构成进行时态现在分词的变化规则①一般动词直接在词尾加-ing;②以不发音的字母e结尾的,去e,再加-ing;③以重读闭音节结尾、末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing;④以辅音+ie的动词,改ie为y再加-ing。①look—looking;listen—listening②come—coming;write—writing③put—putting;stop—stoppingrun—running;swim—swimming④lie—lying;die—dying;tie—tying注意:see—seeing;agree—agreeing续表过去式过去式用在一般过去时中,分为规则变化和不规则变化动词动词过去式的变化规则①一般动词在词尾加-ed构成;②重读闭音节词,先双写末尾辅音字母再加-ed;③以不发音字母e结尾的动词,加-d;④以辅音字母加-y结尾的,先改y为i,再加-ed。①work—worked;call—called②stop—stopped;drop—dropped③like—liked;smile—smiled④cry—cried;study—studied动词过去式的不规则变化需查看不规则动词表过去分词过去分词用在现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态中,规则变化同过去式,不规则变化需查看不规则动词表系动词系动词又称为连系动词,后常接形容词或名词等作表语。注:系动词只能有主动语态,不能有被动语态,多数不能用于进行时态。连系动词有一定意义,它们要与其后作表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成合成谓语。常见系动词有:be,seem,keep,remain,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,become,get,grow,turn等。系动词分类例词例句be动词is,am,are,was,were,beIamamathteacher.我是数学老师。Shewasillyesterday.昨天,她生病了。表感官look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),feel(摸起来,感觉)Lucylookshappytoday.今天,露西看起来很开心。Thefoodtastesdelicious.这些食品尝起来很可口。Thematerialfeelssoft.这种材料摸起来柔软。Themusicsoundsbeautiful.这首音乐听起来优美。表变化become,get,turn(+颜色),go(+bad食物变质),grow(+tall,old),fall(+ill,sick,asleep)Hebecomesadoctornow.现在,他成了医生。Theweathergetscoldinwinter.冬天,天气变冷。Thetreesturngreeninspring.春天,树变绿了。Foodgoesbadeasilyinhotweather.炎热的天气里,食物容易变质。Ididn’tfallasleepuntilmidnightyesterday.昨天,直到半夜我才睡着。保持,保留keep,stay,remainWeallremained/stayed/keptsilent.我们都保持沉默。似乎,好像seemHeseemedverysadyesterday.昨天,他似乎很伤心。(A)1.—HowdoyoulikethefishIcookedforyou?—Ihaven’thadityet.However,it_______good.

A.smells B.tastes C.sounds D.feels(B)2.Listen.Thecountrymusic_______sosweet.

A.smells B.sounds C.feels D.looks(A)3.Ilikethedressverymuch.It_______comfortable.

A.feels B.tastes C.sounds D.smells(B)4.Thevegetablesoup_______delicious.CanIhavemore?

A.looks B.tastes C.sounds D.feels(B)5.—Whatabouttheblueskirtontheright?—Ithinkitwill_______niceonyou.

A.feel B.look C.taste D.sound助动词助动词没有任何含义,不能单独作谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有do,does,did,have,will,shall等,具体用法如下:种类用法示例be构成各种进行时态Itwasrainingalldayyesterday.构成被动语态Themeetingwasheldyesterdayafternoon.与不定式连用表示按计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作TheyaretoseeanEnglishfilmthisevening.dodo的过去式是did;第三人称单数形式是doesdo/did/does用于构成疑问式或否定式Doeshethinkso?Ididn’tsayanythingabouttheresult.在动词前加上do,does,did表示强调,意为“的确,确实”Theydostudyhard.ShedoeslovelisteningtoEnglishsongs.havehave的过去式是had;第三人称单数形式是hashave/has/had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.Assoonasthesunhadset,theyreturned.(D)1.Weallknowthatoneoftheworld’smostpopularsports_______football.

A.be B.am C.are D.is(C)2.—IhaveboughtaverybeautifulpostcardforcelebratingTeachers’Day.—Really?When_______you_______it?

A.do;buy B.will;buy C.did;buy D.have;bought(D)3.We’llgoboatingifit_______coldtomorrow.

A.doesn’t B.won’t C.won’tbe D.isn’t(C)4.I_______gotobeduntilIfinishedmyworklastnight.

A.don’t B.did C.didn’t D.do(D)5.—_______youreadthebookJourneytotheWest?

—Notyet,I’lldoitrightaway.A.Are B.Do C.Will D.Have情态动词原形(过去式)用法含义示例can(could)表示能力(=beableto)能;会Tomcanswim.=Tomisabletoswim.汤姆会游泳。(疑问句中)表示请求许可,could比can更客气可以CanIhelpyou?我能为您效劳吗?Couldyougiveusahand?你能帮我们一个忙吗?(否定句、疑问句中)表示可能性can可能can’t不可能Canthenewsbetrue?这条新闻会是真的吗?Theboycan’tbeJim.HehasgonetoBeijing.那个男孩不可能是吉姆,他去北京了。may(might)表示可能可能Tonymayknowtheway.托尼可能知道路。表示客气请求可以MayIcomein?我可以进来吗?表示祝愿祝……Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福。续表原形(过去式)用法含义示例shall(should)Shall...?用于第一人称,表示建议或请求……好吗?Shallweaskourteacherforhelp?我们向老师求助,好吗?should用于各种人称,强调义务和责任应该Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你应该躺下,休息一下。must表示义务、命令或要求必须Wemusttellthetruth.我们必须讲实话。表示肯定推测一定Lisamustbeathome.丽萨一定在家。will(would)用于第二人称疑问句中,表示征求意见或提建议愿意Will/Wouldyoupleasegotothecinemawithme?你和我一起去看电影,好吗?will用于各种人称,表示一般将来时愿意;将Telephonemethisevening.I’llbeathome.今晚给我打电话,我会在家。would用于各种人称,表示过去将来时Shetoldusthatshewouldnotgowithusifitrained.她告诉我们,如果下雨她就不和我们一起去了。(C)1.MrJonathan_______yournewEnglishteacher.

A.maybe B.might C.maybe D.must(A)2.WiththehelpofOnlineClassroom,students_______keeplearningevenwithschoolsclosed.

A.can B.must C.should D.may(A)3.Pollutedairandwater_______killplants,animals,andevenpeople.

A.can B.can’t C.should D.shouldn’t(A)4.—Whosemagazineisthis?—It_______beNancy’s.Look!Hernameisonitscover(封面).

A.must B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t(C)5.MrSmith_______beintheoffice.BecausehehasgonetoChengduonbusiness.

A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.needn’t行为动词行为动词又称实义动词,它们都含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。种类用法举例及物动词及物动词后一定要跟宾语,意思才能完整。Mymothertoldmeshewantedtobuysomebooksforme.妈妈告诉我,她想给我买一些书。不及物动词不及物动词意义完整,不需带宾语,但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时,必须先加介词后加宾语。Heonlyworriedabouthisdaughter.他只是担心他的女儿。动词短语由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个短语,具有动词的意义和功能,这样的短语叫动词短语,相当于一个动词。careabout关心takecareof照顾putoff推迟comeupwith想出keepintouch保持联系续表常考动词短语表look短语lookafter照顾lookaround环顾lookdownupon瞧不起lookfor寻找lookforwardto盼望;期待lookinto往里看,调查 lookout注意;小心 lookover检查lookthrough浏览 lookup查阅;向上看take短语takeaway带走;拿走takeiteasy放松点takecareof照顾takedown写下;记下takeoff起飞;脱掉 takeout取出 takeplace发生 takepartin参加taketheplaceof取代 takeup占据;开始从事get短语getaway离开getback回来getclose(to)靠近geton上车getonwithsb.与某人相处 getoutof摆脱;逃避 gettogether相聚 getoff下车getreadyfor为……做准备 getin进入;到达;收获 getup起床 getover克服go短语goaway离开goby(时间)流逝goforawalk去散步goinfor从事;参加goon继续 goback回到goout外出;熄灭 goover仔细检查 gothrough检查;经历;通过come短语comeacross(偶然)遇见comeback回来comedown降落;落下comefrom来自comeon加油;快点 cometo共计;达到 comeupwith想出 cometrue实现comeout出现;出版 cometooneself苏醒;复苏;恢复知觉put短语putaway整理,收起来putout熄灭putoff推迟puton穿上putup张贴,举起,支起make短语makefriendswith与……交友makeprogress取得进步makemistakes犯错,出错makethebed铺床 makeupone’smind下决心 makesure务必;确保up短语growup长大cheerup使高兴hurryup赶快lookup查阅giveup放弃 makeup编造;化妆pickup捡起;接载 takeup占用;开始从事setup建立 ringup打电话 stayup熬夜 wakeup醒来turnup出现;调大 putup张贴;举起 mixup混淆,搅匀on短语carryon继续dependon依赖;依靠holdon等一下keepon继续liveon...以食……为生 tryon试穿;试验 puton穿上;上演with短语agreewithsb.同意某人connectwith与……相连dealwith处理talkwithsb.与某人谈话 catchupwithsb.赶上某人 comeupwith想出getalongwithsb.与某人和睦相处makefriendswith与……交朋友keepintouchwith与……保持密切联系(B)1.—Shallwegototheairportto_______yoursister?

—Idon’tthinkit’snecessary.Shewillcomeherebytaxi.A.seeoffB.pickupC.lookafterD.comeacross(A)2.Don’t_______today’sworkfortomorrow.Today’sworkmustbedonetoday.

A.putoff B.putout C.putup D.puton(B)3.Don’tforgetto_______thelightswhentheyarenotinuse!

A.turnover B.turnoff C.turnup D.turnon(A)4.Thevolunteers_______thesickkidsinthehospitalonweekends.

A.lookafter B.lookfor C.lookthrough D.lookup(A)5.Weshouldlearnhowto_______wellwithpeoplearoundus.

A.getalong B.getdown C.getto D.getup常见易混淆词辨析havegoneto,havebeento与havebeeninhavegoneto意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场。—WhereisMrBrown?布朗先生在哪里?—HehasgonetotheU.S.A.他去了美国。(还没有回来)havebeento表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。可与just,ever,never等连用。havebeento后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你去过杭州吗?(人已从杭州回来)IhavebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去过北京三次了。havebeenin表示“在某地待多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since,for,howlong等。MrBrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。fall与drop表示从高处往下掉或降落,两者有时可互换。Thetemperaturehasdropped/fell.气温降低了。fall表示“落下”,多指无意识的行为,有自然坠落之意,且通常是不及物动词。Leavesbegintofalloffthetreesinautumn.秋天,叶子开始从树上落下来。drop既可指无意的行为,即表示“落下”(不及物动词),也可指有意的行为,即表示“投下”(及物动词)。Hedroppedtheletterintothemailbox.他把信投入信箱。hearof,hearfrom与hearabouthearofsb./sth.听到或知道某人/某事的情况Ihaveheardofthesong.我曾听说过这首歌。hearaboutsth.听到关于某物的……I’vejustheardabouthispromotion.我刚刚听到了他被提拔的事。hearfromsb.=getaletterfromsb.收到某人来信JennyoftenhearsfromherpenpalfromJapan.詹妮经常收到日本笔友的信。leave与forgetforget忘记,不能与表示地点的词语连用Don’tforgettolockthedoorwhenyouleave.你离开时,不要忘记锁门。leave在表示遗留某物在某地时后面要接表示地点的词语leavesth.at/in+地点Ileftmybookatyourhome.我把书忘在你家了。arrive,getto与reacharriveat+小地点;arrivein+大地点(大城市级);无宾语时用arriveHasyourfriendarrivedyet?你的朋友到了吗?Myunclegotto/arrivedin/reachedBeijingyesterday.我叔叔昨天到达北京了。getto+地点(名词)reach+地点(名词)。另外reach还有“够到,达到”之意注意如果动词后面接副词home,here,there,abroad,upstairs,downstairs时,则省略介词。例如:comehere来这里;arrivethere到达那里;gethome回到家;goabroad出国;getupstairs上楼;comedownstairs下楼续表borrow,lend与keepborrow意为“借进”,常用词组:borrow...from...Iborrowedabookfromhim.我向他借了一本书。lend意为“借出”,常用词组:lend...to...Helentabooktome.他借给我一本书。keep意为“借,保持”,keep+一段时间Youcankeepthebookforaweek.这本书你可以借一周。beat与winbeat的宾语是对手,即beatsb.;beat还可表示“用力击打某人或某物(beatsb./sth.)”或“(心脏)跳动”等。Ican’tbelievethattheirteamcanbeatours.我不相信他们队可以打败我们队。win的宾语是赢来的东西或打赢的比赛或战争,即winsth.;win还可以用作不及物动词。ClassOnewonthebasketballmatch.一班赢了篮球赛。Wewoninthematchlastweek.在上周的比赛中我们赢了。bring,take,fetch,get与carrybring表示从别处把某人或物“带来”或“拿来”Jack,bringthepentome.杰克,把钢笔拿过来。take指把某人或物“带走”或“拿走”(到别处)IwilltaketheumbrellatoLily.Sheforgotitthismorning.我将要给莉莉送伞去,她今天早上忘带了。fetch/get指到别处把某人或物带来,相当于goandbringShallIget/fetchyourcoatfromthenextroom?要不要我从隔壁房间把你的大衣拿来?carry指“随身携带”(如搬、提、拿、扛、抬、抱、背、带等),不具体说明来去的方向,有时含有沉重之意Canyouhelpmecarrytheboxupstairs?你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗?cost,pay,spend与takecost的常用句型:sth.cost(s)sb.money/Itcostssb.moneytodosth.Itcostme3,000yuantoflyfromBeijingtoSanya.乘飞机从北京到三亚花费了我三千元。pay的常用句型:sb.pay(s)moneyforsth.Ihavetopay20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每个月要付20英镑的房租。spend的常用句型:sb.spend(s)money/timeonsth./(in)doingsth.Ispent3,000yuanflyingfromBeijingtoSanya.乘飞机从北京到三亚花费了我三千元。take的常用句型:Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.或sth.takessometimeIttookhimanhourtofinishhishomework.做作业用了他一个小时的时间。dress,puton,wear与indress后跟人,意为“给某人穿衣服”Jimalwaysdresseshisbaby.吉姆总是给他的小孩穿衣服。puton后跟衣服,意为“穿上”,表示动作Jimputonhiscoatandwalkedout.吉姆穿上外套,出门了。wear后跟衣服,意为“穿着;戴着”,表示状态Thegirliswearingablueskirt.那个女孩穿着一条蓝色的裙子。in后跟颜色/衣服,意为“穿着”,表示状态TheboyinblueisJeff.穿蓝色外套的那个男孩是杰夫。lookfor,find与findoutlookfor意为“寻找”,表示有目的地找,强调动作Lilyislookingforherpeneverywhere.莉莉在到处找她的钢笔。find意为“找到”,强调结果Finally,shefoundagoodjob.最终,她找到了一份好工作。findout意为“查明,找出”,强调经过调查、询问等努力之后发现事实。Canyoufindoutwhentheearliestplanewilltakeoff?你能弄清楚最早的飞机什么时候起飞吗?续表listento,hear与soundlistento“听”,强调动作Theyarelisteningtotheradio.他们正在听收音机。hear“听见”,强调结果Ilistenedcarefullybutheardnothing.我仔细听,却没听到什么。sound“听起来”,后接形容词Thenewssoundsgreat.这消息听起来很棒。look,see,read与watchlook“看”,强调动作,后接宾语时,用lookat+宾语”结构Look!Tomisoverthere.看!汤姆在那儿。Lookattheblackboard,please.请看黑板。see“看见”,强调结果Icouldn’tseeanythinginthebox.我没有看到有什么东西在箱子里。read“看;读”,主要指看书、看报等Ilikereadingathome.我喜欢在家看书。watch“观看”,带着某种情感地看,主要指观看电视比赛等。常用结构:watchsb.do/doingsth.Jacklikeswatchingfootballmatchesverymuch.杰克非常喜欢看足球比赛。say,speak,talk与tellsay一般作及物动词用,着重强调说话的内容,后接名词、代词或宾语从句。saytosb.“对某人说”PleasesayitinEnglish.请用英语说。Whatdidhesaytohismother?他对妈妈讲了什么?speak强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容。作及物动词时,常以某种语言作宾语。作不及物动词时,常见的搭配:speaktosb.跟某人讲话CanyouspeakJapanese?你会说日语吗?Sheisspeakingtoherteacher.她正在跟她的老师说话。talk一般为不及物动词,意思是“交谈,谈话”,着重强调两者之间的相互说话。talkwithsb.“和某人交谈”;talkaboutsth.“谈论某事”SheistalkingwithLucyaboutherpastlife.她正在和露西谈她过去的生活。tell常作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉”,动词常跟双宾语。tellsb.sth./tellsth.tosb.“告诉某人某事”Didyoutellherthenews?/Didyoutellthenewstoher?你把这个消息告诉她了吗?join,joinin与takepartinjoin指加入组织、团体、机构等,或后面接人Shejoinedahealthclub.她参加了一个健康俱乐部。takepartin指参加某项活动,并在其中发挥积极作用HowmanycountrieswilltakepartintheWinterOlympicsin2022?有多少国家会参加2022年的冬奥会?joinin指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等,或后面接动名词CanIjoininthegame?我可以参加这个游戏吗?usedtodo,be/getusedto与beusedforusedtodo表示“过去常常做”Heusedtoplaybasketballwhenhewasyoung.他年轻的时候常常打篮球。be/getusedto(doing)sth.表示“习惯于(做)某事”SheisnotusedtoeatingChinesefood.她不习惯吃中餐。beusedfordoingsth./beusedtodosth.表示“被用来做某事”Woodcanbeusedtomakepaper./Woodcanbeusedformakingpaper.木头可以被用来造纸。续表thinkabout,thinkof与thinkoverthinkabout和thinkof这两个短语表示“考虑;对……有某种看法”时,可以互换They’rethinkingabout/ofbuyinganewcar.他们正在考虑买一辆新车。thinkof还可以表示“想出;想到;想起;记得”Ican’tthinkofhisname.我想不起他的名字了。thinkover意为“仔细考虑”,over是副词Weneedseveraldaystothinkthismatterover.我们需要几天的时间把这件事情仔细考虑一下。(C)1.Mygrandma_______mestorieswhenIwasyoung.

A.wasusedtotell B.isusedtotelling C.usedtotell D.usedtotelling(B)2.―Jim,canyou_______thiswordinChinese?

―Yes,Ican_______alittleChinese.

A.speak;say B.say;speak C.tell;speak D.talk;say(C)3.They_______fivedaysfinishingthework.

A.paid B.took C.spent D.cost(D)4.—Oh,dear!Ican’tfindmykeytotheoffice.—Don’tworry.Ithinkyoumight_______itinyourcar.

A.offer B.forget C.borrow D.leave(B)1.(2020·安徽中考)—Hi,Jill.I’dliketosharewithyouthelatestnewsabouttheheightofQomolangma.—Really?Makesurethenewsistruebeforeyou_______it.

A.receive B.spread C.cancel D.hear(B)2.(2020·安徽中考)Wearesupposedto_______smartphonesandtakemoreexerciseinstead.

A.takeup B.putaway C.lookinto D.giveout(B)3.(2020·安顺中考)Drugsareharmfultopeople’sphysicalandmentalhealth.Weteenagersmust_______them.

A.takecareof B.keepawayfrom C.getusedto D.comeupwith(B)4.(2020·黔南州中考)Wouldyouplease_______thelight?It’sverydarknow.

A.turnto B.turnon C.turnoff D.turnaround(C)5.(2020·黔西南州中考)Thereisaknockatthedoor.It_______mymom.It’stimeforhertobebackhome.

A.maybe B.maynotbe C.mustbe D.mustn’tbe(B)6.(2020·哈尔滨中考)—Whodoyouadmiremost,YangMing?—ZhongNanshan.NotonlyIbutalsomyclassmates_______him.

A.lookforwardto B.lookupto C.areupto D.takecareof(C)7.(2020·哈尔滨中考)Asamiddleschoolstudent,followingtheschoolruleshelpsyoubecomebetterandbetter.Soyoushouldn’t_______atschool.

①weartheschooluniform②fightwithyourclassmates③bequietinthelibrary④runinthehallways⑤eatsnacksinclassA.①②③ B.②③⑤ C.②④⑤ D.①②⑤(B)8.(2020·龙东中考)—Mum,_______Idomyhomeworktonight?

—No,you_______.ButyoumustfinishitbeforeSunday.

A.need;mustn’t B.must;needn’t C.must;mustn’t D.need;needn’t(C)9.(2020·龙东中考)—Kate,don’tforgetto_______thelightwhenyouleavetheroom.

—OK,Mom.A.cutoff B.putoff C.turnoff D.turnon(B)10.(2020·绥化中考)Theyhadto_______theirschooltripbecauseofthebadweather.

A.putup B.putoff C.putaway D.puton(D)11.(2021·安徽中考)Everystudentissupposedto_______asportingactivityforahealthylife.

A.comeacross B.putawayC.turndown D.takeup(C)12.(2021·泸州中考)—Areyougoingtodoapart-timejobinyourfreetime?—Yes.Idon’tthinkIshouldalways_______myparents.

A.turnon B.puton C.dependon D.comeon(B)13.(2021·昆明中考)Scientistsallovertheworldare_______newmedicinetofightCOVID-19.

A.blowingout B.tryingout C.leavingout D.keepingout(D)14.(2021·扬州中考)—HowdidyoucometoBaoying?—Byhigh-speedrail.It_______meonly28minutestogethere.

A.spent B.paid C.lost D.took(A)15.(2021·河北中考)Thetrip_______reallyexcitingtome.HowIwishtogo!

A.sounds B.smells C.tastes D.feels完形填空Countrymusicisveryold.ItcamefromtheUnitedStates,Canada,Ire