人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters期末复习敲重点学案（含答案）

Unit4NaturalDisasters——2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册期末复习敲重点学习目标整合1learnsomenewwordsandexpressions2haveafurtherunderstandingoftheunit3learnandmasterattributiveclause思维导图回顾知识重难知识易混易错定语从句一、定义1.在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2.关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who引导的定语从句Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinthecaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.目前，在车祸中受伤的孩子们正在医院接受治疗。Dannywasthemanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的那个人。who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语。2.whom引导的定语从句Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.罗丝是你应该关心的人。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。3.whose引导的定语从句Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。4.which引导的定语从句Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.小女孩正在吃一个又大又红的苹果。which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。5.that引导的定语从句Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)Thesuitcasethat/whichliesonthegroundishers.地上放的那个手提箱是她的。(that指物，作主语)that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。习惯上指人多用who/whom替代，指物多用which替代。注意：（1）关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。（2）关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。练习：1.Acompany_______profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.2.Hewastheone__________firstputdownthestoriesoftheCelticstorytellers.3.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_________wassomeoneelse'sfault.4.OnthetrainIsawastudent_____Ithoughtwasyoursister.5.Wealllikethewriter_____booksareverypopularamongteenagers.6.Edisonbuiltupafactory_____producedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth_____givesofflightinthedark.8.Allmembers_____havegottheticketsareadmittedtothetheatre.9.Onsocialmediasites,peopletendtopostonlygoodupdates______willmakethemappearhappyandfriendly.10.Thepassengersandthesuitcases________wereinthewaitingroomhadtowaitforanotherplane.答案：1.答案：whose解析：考查定语从句。句意：如果一家公司在国内市场的利润正在下降，它可能会在国外寻找机会。此处是定语从句，先行词是Acompany，与从句主语profitsfromhomemarkets形成所属关系，即"Acompany'sprofitsfromhomemarkets"，作定语，用关系代词whose。故填whose。2.答案：who/that解析：考查定语从句。句意:他是首位将凯尔特说书人讲的故事记载下来的人。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,先行词为theone,指人。故填who/that。3.答案：that解析：句意:我拒绝为别人的过错承担责任。wassomeoneelse'sfault是限制性定语从句,先行词是不定代词something,在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。4.答案：who/that解析：考查定语从句。句意：在火车上，我看见一个我认为是你姐姐的学生。此处先行词是student,Ithought为插入语，who/that作主语。故填who/that。5.答案：whose解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们都喜欢这位作家，他的书很受青少年喜欢。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作books的定语，表示"谁的"，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。6.答案：which解析：考查定语从句。句意：爱迪生建立了一家工厂，生产以前从未见过的东西。分析句子可知，"producedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore."是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词factory，指物，先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句，又因在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词不宜重复使用，由于本句第二个定语从句用that引导的，因此此处应使用关系代词which。故填which。7.答案：that/which解析：考查定语从句。句意：在衣服的边缘有一块布，它能在黑暗中发光。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，在从句中作主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。8.答案：that/who解析：考查定语从句。句意：所有有票的会员，可以进入剧院。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词members，指人，在从句中作主语，所以可用that或who来引导定语从句。故填that或who。9.答案：which/that解析：考查定语从句。句意：在社交媒体网站上，人们倾向于只发布让自己看起来快乐友好的积极消息。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是goodupdates,指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用which或that引导。故填which/that,10.答案：that解析：考查定语从句。句意:候机室里的乘客和行李都得等下一架飞机。Thepassengersandthesuitcases为先行词,后接限定性定语从句,且先行词在定语从句中作主语,先行词又有人又有物时,关系代词只用that。故填that。核心素养对接高考1.MyfamilyandInevertalkedaboutschoolasthetickettoafuture.Iwasintheclassrooms,butIwasn'ttheretolearntowrite,readorevenspeak.Whenitwasmyturntoread,Iwantedtohide.Iwas13yearsold,butItended①______(hate)beingwhoIwas.IhadanEnglishteacherwhotooksomuch②______(responsible)forhisjob,Mr.Creech.HeknewIcouldn'tread.Inoneofmyfirstlessonstheteachersaidthatanyone③______"hadareadingagebelowsixhadtostandup.Nervously,Istoodup.AtthattimeIhadsomedoubtwhetherIcouldkeepupwiththeotherstudents.Laterthatday,Mr.Creechencouragedmeandpromisedhewouldtryhisbestto④______(regular)helpmelearntoread,Fromthenon,Inevergaveuppracticingreading.Ibecamemoreandmore⑤______(confidence).NowIwas41yearsoldandmy⑥______(occupy)wasanauthor,Oneday,1saidtomywife,"Accordingtomyschedule,ImustflybacktoTexastoorganizeameetingtomorrow,Shenoddedandsaid,"Ourson⑦______(return)hometomorrowmorningandIshouldtakeadvantage⑧______theopportunitytobuysomethingniceforhimtoeat,"Onmywayfromtheairport,itwasso⑨______(amaze)toseeMr.Creechbuyinghimselfadrink,Irushedoverandreachedintomypockettopayforhim,"DoIknowyou?"heaskedatthesightofme."Yes,sir,youdoknowme,"Iansweredexcitedly,"MynameisAnthonyHamilton,YoutaughtmeEnglishmanyyearsago,"Thelookonhisfacetoldmethatherecognizedtheboyhe'donceencouraged."I'msogladthatIhaveachancetoseeyou,"Isaid,"AndMr.Creech,Ihavegreatnewstosharewithyou,"Tohisrelief,heknewIhadhadnotroublereadingbooksandarticles.ItoldhimthatIhadworkedveryhardandfinallymyefforthadpaid⑩______.2.Kitesnowadayscanbeseeninparksthroughouttheworld.But①_____isbelievedthatthefirstkitewasinventedbytheChinesemorethan2,000yearsago.Inthebeginning,thekites②_____(use)formilitarypurposesanddefense.SincetheQingDynasty,kiteshavebeenusedmostlyfor③_____(entertain)andcelebrations.Foralongperiodoftime,kiteswereusedonlyinChinaandnearbycountries.Traders④_____visitedChinabroughtkitestoIndia,KoreaandotherpartsofAsia.MarcoPolowasthefirstperson⑤_____(bring)ChinesekitestoEurope,afteroneofhisfamoustripstoChinainthe13thcentury.Hewasalsooneofthefirst⑥_____(author)whowroteaboutthekites，⑦_____(explain)totheWesternaudiencehowtousethem.TheyspreadfromEuropetoNorthandSouthAmericaaswell.Duringthe20thcentury,kiteflyingfestivalsbecameverypopularinChina.Weifang,ShandongisconsideredthekitecapitaloftheworldandtheWeifangInternationalKiteFestival⑧_____(attract)manytouristsfromaroundtheworld.Weifangisalsohometo⑨_____(famous)KiteMuseumintheworld.IntheWeifangKiteMuseum,itispossibletosee⑩_____impressivecollectionofkitesfromallperiods.Professionalsareabletodeterminetheperiodjustbyexaminingthematerialsanddecorationsused.3.Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining①______hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake②______(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack③______dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters④______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand⑤______(recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.Forbreakfast,wewereabletoeatpapaya(木瓜)andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting⑥______(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany⑦______(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere⑧______(huge)popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we⑨______(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,⑩______(listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.答案：1.答案：①tohate②responsibility③who/that④regularly⑤confident⑥occupation⑦isreturning/willreturn/istoreturn⑧of⑨amazing⑩off解析：本文是篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候有阅读困难，不会读写。13岁时，他遇到了一位英语老师克里奇先生，在他的鼓励和帮助下，作者学会了读写，成为了一名作家。几十年后的一次偶然相遇，作者向老师表达了自己的感激之情。①考查非谓语动词。句意：我当时13岁，但我倾向于讨厌做自己。根据谓语动词"tended"可知，空处应为非谓语动词；动词短语tendtodo意为"倾向于做某事"，符合句意。故填tohate。②考查名词。句意：我有一位对自己的工作非常负责的英语老师，克里奇先生。根据"somuch"可知，空处应为不可数名词，作宾语；responsibility表示"责任、负责"，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填responsibility。③考查定语从句关系词。句意：在我的第一堂课上，老师说，任何阅读年龄低于六年的都必须站起来。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词"anyone"，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。④考查副词。句意：那天晚些时候，克里奇先生鼓励我，并承诺他会尽最大努力定期帮助我学习阅读。分析句子可知，空处应为副词，修饰动词"help"，作状语，regularly为副词，意为"定期地"，符合句意。故填regularly。⑤考查形容词。句意：我变得越来越自信。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；confident为形容词，表示"自信的、有信心的"，符合句意。故填confident。⑥考查名词。句意：现在我41岁了，我的职业是作家。根据"my"可知，空处应为名词，作主语；occupation为名词，表示"职业"，符合句意。故填occupation。⑦考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我们的儿子明天早上就要回家了，我应该利用这个机会给他买些好吃的东西。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据时间状语"tomorrowmorning"可知，应用一般将来时，或现在进行时表示将来，也可用betodo的结构表示将来要发生的动作；主语是"Ourson"，故谓语用单数形式。故填isreturning/willreturn/istoreturn。⑧考查介词。句意：我们的儿子明天早上就要回家了，我应该利用这个机会给他买些好吃的东西。分析句子可知，空处应为介词，后接名词短语"theopportunity"；动词短语takeadvantageof表示"利用"，符合句意。故填of。⑨考查形容词。句意：在我从机场出来的路上，我看到克里奇先生给自己买了一杯饮料，真是令人惊奇。分析句子可知，空处应为形容词，作表语；amazing为形容词，表示"令人惊奇的"，符合句意。故填amazing。⑩考查动词短语。句意：我告诉他，我一直很努力，最后我的努力得到了回报。动词短语payoff意为"得到回报、取得成功"，符合句意。故填off。2.答案：it；wereused；entertainment；who/that；tobring；authors；explaining；Attracts；themostfamous；an解析：①考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。故填it。②考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，最初风筝被用于军事和防御目的，故句子应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是thekites。故填wereused。

③考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，for为介词，后跟名词或动名词作宾语，空处与celebrations并列。entertain的名词形式为entertainment。故填entertainment。

④考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句修饰主语Traders，关系代词用who或that。故填who/that。

⑤考查非谓语动词。当名词为序数词或最高级所修饰时，其后用动词不定式作定语。故填tobring。

⑥考查名词的数。oneof后接可数名词复数。故填authors。

⑦考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词was，所以空处应填非谓语动词作伴随状语。explain与主语之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填explaining。

⑧考查时态和主谓一致。本