第十三章动词-ing形式(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳

第十三章动词-ing形式思维导图知识梳理一、动名词的定义动词-ing形式分为两类:动名词和现在分词.动名词在句中起名词作用,现在分词在句中起形容词或副词作用.动名词是一种动词的非谓语形式,它兼有动词和名词的特征,由动词原形加词尾-ing而成,其构成法与现在分词一样.动名词有时态和语态的变化.(以do为例)主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone二、动词-ing形式的句法作用从性质上讲,动词的-ing形式相当于名词、形容词、副词.因此,它在句中可用作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语.(一)作主语动词-ing形式作主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念,即泛指某种行为或动作.Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多对身体健康有害.Isplayingbasketballafterlunchgoodorbadforyourhealth?吃完午饭就打篮球对身体健康有益还是有害?Travellingabroadcanwidenone'soutlook.出国旅行会扩大人们的视野.点拨(1)动词-ing形式短语作主语,通常有两种位置:一是放在句首,如上述例句所示;一是用it作形式主语,而将-ing分词短语移到谓语部分之后,以避免句子结构头重脚轻.Havinghisbrotherherewillmakehimhappier.Itwillmakehimhappierhavinghisbrotherhere.让他的兄弟待在这里将会使他高兴一些.Swimminginthisriverisdangerous.Itisdangerousswimminginthisriver.在这条河中游泳很危险.(2)动词-ing形式作主语还可以用于“Thereisno+-ing形式”(····是不可能的)结构.Thereisnosmokinghere.这里不许吸烟.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这件事开不得玩笑.(二)作表语动词-ing形式(短语)作表语有时起名词作用,泛指动作,有时起形容词作用,指主语的性质、状态.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.他的爱好是集邮.Thenewsisexciting.这消息令人兴奋.Thefoodsmellsinviting.这道菜香味怡人.Myfavouritesportisplayingtabletennis.我最喜欢的运动是乒乓球.Theonlythingsheisinterestedinisdancing.她唯一感兴趣的就是跳舞.点拨不要把作表语的-ing形式与进行时态相混淆.-ing形式作表语表示主语的某种特征,而进行时态则表示正在进行的动作.试比较:Herjobisteaching.她的工作是教书.(teaching是表语)Sheisteachingtherenow.她正在那儿上课.(isteaching是现在进行时态)(三)作定语动词-ing形式作定语只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等,置于被修饰词之前.aworkingmethod工作方法adiningcar餐车aswimmingpool游泳池buildingmaterials建材(四)作宾语在某些动词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can'thelp,mind(在乎),admit,advise,consider,deny,enjoy,require,postpone,delay,practise,fancy,excuse,pardon,miss(错过)等后面不能用不定式,而必须用动名词作为宾语.Ican'thelplaughing.我禁不住笑了起来.Returnthebooktothelibraryassoonasyoufinishreadingit.你一看完这本书就还回图书馆.HeenjoyswatchingTVplays.他喜欢看电视剧.点拨有些动词后既可用动名词,也可用不定式.在动词love,like,begin,start,continue等后,既可用动名词作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,有时两种结构的意义差别不大.(五)作宾语补足语动词的-ing形式用作宾语补足语,常用在:see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,get,have等动词之后,与一个名词或代词构成复合宾语;其中宾语和宾语补足语是主谓关系.Isawhimwalkingacrossthestreet.我看见他穿过街道.Hekeptmewaitingforalongtime.他让我等了很长时间.Wewatchedthearmymarchingdownthestreettowardsthepark.我们观看部队沿街道朝公园行走.Iheardherplayingthepiano.我听见她在弹钢琴.点拨在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等动词之后,既可用动词-ing形式也可用(不带to的)动词不定式作宾语补足语:如用动词-ing形式,通常表示动作正在进行;用动词不定式,则表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束的全过程.(六)作状语动词的-ing形式短语作状语时,通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作,用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬,它可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作,相当于相对应的状语从句.Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.=Whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringtheroom,theystoodup.学生(们)看见老师进房间,都站了起来.(两个动作同时发生)Beingill,Iwenthome.=BecauseIwasill,Iwenthome.由于生病,我回家了.Thesnowlastedaweek,resultinginaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.=Thesnowlastedaweek,soitresultedinaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.雪下了一个星期,造成整个地方的严重交通混乱.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.过马路时,要小心.Thestudentswalkedoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.学生们有说有笑走出教室.点拨动名词也可以和about,against,at,before,after,by,besides,for,from,in,on,upon,without等介词构成短语,作状语用.Withoutsayinggood-bye,shelefthim.未告别,她就离开了他.Afterreadingthepassagetwice,hebegantodotheexercises.这段文章看了两遍后,他就开始做练习了.UponreturningfromBeijing,hewenttovisithisfriend.从北京一回来,他马上就去拜访朋友.三、-ing分词的否定式-ing分词是动词的一种非限定形式,其否定式是一律在其前面加否定词“not”或“never”构成.如:Ithinkitwilldoyoualotofgoodnotgoing.我觉得不去对你会有好处的.Ileftatnoon,notstayingforlunch.我是中午走的,没有留下来吃午饭.I'msorryfornothavinginformedyouofthemeeting.抱歉没通知你开会.Iregretnothavinggonetogetherwithher.我后悔没有跟她一起去.四、-ing分词常用于下列句型中It'snouse...It'snogood...Havingdifficulty/trouble...Thereisno...It'snousedoingexperimentsbutnotconsideringtheresults.不考虑结果做实验没有用.It'snogoodnotcombiningtheorywithpractice.不把理论和实践结合就没有用.Ihavetroublerunningalongdistance.我跑长跑有困难.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatwearestillbackward.不容否认,我们仍然落后.五、动名词的独立主格结构-ing分词也可以用于独立主格结构,由“主格名词或代词＋-ing分词”构成,表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等.Theclockstrikingeight,theybeganworking.时钟敲了8响,他们就开始工作了.(表示时间)Theweatherbeingfine,wewentforawalk.由于天气好,我们出去散散步.(表示原因)Timepermitting,we'llcometoseeyou.如果时间允许,我们就来看你.(表示条件)也可由“with/without+宾语＋-ing分词”构成独立主格结构,表示伴随情况.如:Youmustnotsitwithyourfeetpointingatanotherperson.坐着时不要把脚朝着别人.六、动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语含义不同部分动词可加动名词作宾语,也可加动词不定式作宾语,但意思不同,如:(一)rememberdoingsth.表示“记得过去做过的一件事”,remembertodosth.表示“记得要去做某事”Irememberseeinghimoncesomewhere.我记得在哪里见过他一次.Remembertoseehimbeforehegoesaway.记住在他离开之前看他.(二)regretdoingsth.表示“对过去做过的事情后悔”,regrettodosth.表示“对还没做或将要做的事情表示遗憾”Iregrettellingyouthebadnews.我后悔把这个坏消息告诉你.IregrettosayI'munabletohelpyou.很抱歉我不能帮助你.(三)stopdoingsth.表示“停止正在做的事情”,stoptodosth.表示“停止什么,然后去做另一件事情”Let'sstoptalkingaboutit.咱们停止谈论这件事情吧.Westoppedtoseewhathappened.我们停下来去看发生了什么事情.(四)forgetdoingsth.表示“忘记曾做过某事”,forgettodosth.表示“忘记去做某事”Iforgotgivingthelettertoher.我忘了,已经把信给她了.Iforgottoposttheletter.我忘记发信了.(五)trydoingsth.表示“尝试着做某事”,trytodosth.表示“设法做某事”Let'strydoingtheworksomeotherway.我们用别的方法做这工作试试.Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.我们必须设法及时把一切搞好.(六)meandoingsth.表示“意味着,意思是”,meantodosth.表示“打算、想要”Thismeanshelpingyou.这意味着帮助你.Imeantohelphimwithit.我打算帮助他做这件事情.七、一些与动词-ing形式有关的短语(一)表示有目的、有意识地进行练习或训练某项技能:do+(some)+v.-ingdosomereading读读书dosomerunning跑跑步dosomewriting练练字ThisyearIamgoingtodomorespeaking.今年我要多练口语.(二)表示做一些笼统、不具体指明的事:do+(some)+v.-ingdosomeshopping去商店买东西(不指明买哪样具体的东西)dosomewashing洗东西dosomecooking做饭dosomecleaning扫除dosomesewing缝纫(三)“go+v.-ing形式”大部分表示从事运动、消遣或娱乐活动godancing去跳舞goswimming去游泳goskating去滑冰goskiing去滑雪goshooting去射击goboating去划船gofishing去钓鱼gohunting去打猎goriding去骑马gowalking去散步gorunning去跑步gosailing去航海八、-ing分词时态及语态(一)-ing分词的特点:-ing分词的时态分为一般式和完成式.一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作往往同时发生.完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前.Heinsistedonfinishingtheworkbeforegoinghome.他坚持在回家前一定要先完成工作.Hedidn'tmentionhavingmetme.他没提及已见到了我.Istillrememberhavingeverworkedtogetherwithhim.我还记得曾经与他一起共过事.(二)-ing分词的语态-ing分词的被动语态也有一般式和完成式两种.Thelargehousebeingbuiltnearthefactoryisanewhospital.工厂附近正在施工的大楼是一座新的医院.Havingbeensenttothewrongaddress,theletterdidnotreachher.那封信投错了地址,她没有收到.好题精练选择填空1.Takingpictures_________veryinteresting.A.isB.areC.tobeD.be2._________thebadnewsmadehimcry.A.HearB.HeardC.HearingD.Ishearing3._________adeserthadalwaysbeenariskadventure.A.beingcrossed.HavingcrossedC.CrossingD.Tohavecrossed4.Beforehecame,I'dfinished_________thewholebook.A.toreadB.tohavereadC.readingD.read5.Ialwaysenjoy_________topopularmusicatnight.A.tolistenB.listeningC.thatIcanlistenD.ifIcanlisten6.Weareconsidering_________atriparoundtheisland.A.takeB.totakeC.tobetakingD.taking7.Ihopeyoudon'tmind_________atyournewspaper.A.IlookB.mylookingC.IlookingD.mytolook8.Whenaman'sheartstops_________,hedies.A.tobeatB.beatingC.beatD.beaten9.Ican'thelp_________heisstillalive.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thoughtof10.SofarasIamconcerned,IpreferreadingA.thanmeatB.forjoyC.insteadofsleepingDtodrinking11.Itgoeswithout_________thatknowledgeisimportant.A.talkingB.tellingC.sayingD.mentioning12.wearelookingforward_________ourfriendsnextweek.A.toseeB.toseeingC.tobeseeingD.shallsee13.Hespentalotofmoney_________booksandmagazines.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bought14.Thesilkwormisaninsectworth_________.A.toknowB.knowingC.tobeknownD.beingknown15.Shewentoutwithout_________good-byetous.A.sayB.tosayC.sayingD.beingsaid16.Thecuriousstudentkepton_________questions.A.asksB.askingC.toaskD.asked17.Heissuchastrangeperson;there's_________whathe'lldonext.A.noknowingB.nottoknowC.notknownD.beingunknown18.Whensheheardthebadnews,sheburst_________.A.intocryingB.outtotearsC.cryingD.outcrying19.Youmustnevercrossthestreetwithout_________thelighttoturngreen.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitingforD.towaitfor20.Scientistssucceed_________proteinoutofoldnewspapers.A.tomakeB.atmakingC.makingD.inmaking21.Ibecame_________afterwatchingtoomuchtelevision.A.boredB.boringC.boreD.bores22.Ifelt_________byhisinterestinmynewinvention.A.encourageBtoencourageC.wasencouragedD.encouraged23.Hesatthere_________anovel.A.readB.readingC.readsD.hadread24.Don'twakeupthe_________child.A.sleepB.sleptC.sleepingD.sleepy25.Aproverbgoes:"A_________stonegathersnomoss”.A.rollB.rollingC.rolledD.rolls26.Theheavyrainkeptus_________fortwohours.A.wai