动词不定式学案

动词不定式（TheInfinitive）定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有时态和语态的变化又有自己的宾语和状语。一、不定式的构成（以动词write为例）主动形式被动形式一般式towrite进行式无完成式完成进行式无动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。主动形式:todo(表示现在或将来)tohavedone(表示已做)tobedoing(表示在做)被动形式:tobeasked(表示将被做)tohavebeendone(表示已被做)否定形式:not/nevertodonot/nevertohavedonenot/nevertobedoing尽量下次不要Trynottobelateagainnexttime.再迟到。(try)Trynottobelateagainnexttime._____________________________________________________________________________他希望我们不要再Hewishedusnevertomeetheragain.同她见面。(wish)Hewishedusnevertomeetheragain._____________________________________________________________________________二、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。（一）不定式做主语：不定式做主语时，一般表示具体的、个别的、一次性或具有将来意义的动作。e.g:Tofinishthebuildinginamonthisdifficult.中文：______________________________Toloseheartmeansfailure.中文：_____________________________完成句子：眼见为实Toseeistobelieve.Towaitisbetterthantoleave.。English:____________________________________Toseeistobelieve.Towaitisbetterthantoleave.等待比离开好。English:____________________________________注意:1)不定式作主语时,谓语用________数2)当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：句型I:Itis+adj.+(ofsb.)+todosth.形容词有:good,kind,nice,stupid,rude,clever,wise,foolish,honest,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave,considerate,silly,selfish等,用于描述人的智力和表现等，不定式的主语可以被该形容词修饰.Weweresillytobelievehim.→Itwassillyofustobelievehim.YouwereconsiderateItwasconsiderateofyoutogivemethatcoat.togivemethatcoat.→______________________________________Itwasconsiderateofyoutogivemethatcoat.Youwerecarelesstoleaveyourumbrellaonthebus.→______________________________Youareverykindtotellmethegoodnews.→______________________________________句型II:Itis+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.Itis+adj.+forsth+tobedone.形容词有:easy,difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,better等，表示对某事、某种行为进行评论.It’shardformetofindanewjob.中文：________________________________________It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.中文：_______________________________________It’sdifficultfortheproblemstobesolved.中文：___________________________________句型=3\*ROMANIII:Itis+名词+(forsb.)+todosth.Itis+名词+forsth+tobedone.名词有:thefirsttime,apity,ashame,apleasure,apleasantthing,one’sduty,anhonor,acrime,noeasyjob等It’sagoodideaforthebookstobegiventoher.中文：______________________________It’sthefirsttimeforTomtobehere.中文：________________________________________It’sourdutytohelpthebossreceivevisitors.中文：__________________________________句型=4\*ROMANIV:Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patiencetodosth.Itcostssb.somemoneytodosth.Itrequirescourage/patience/hardworktodosth.TranslationIt’skindIt’skindofyoutohelpme。It’ssillyofthestudentstocheatintheexamination.It’sanhonorforustoattendsuchanimportantmeeting.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishverywell.It’sgoodmannerstowaitinline.Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimspeaktohismotherlikethat.Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.IttakesustwohourstoflytoParisfromhere.你帮我是好的。English：______________________________________________________________________学生考试作弊是愚蠢的English：______________________________________________________________________参加这样重要的会议我们对我们是一件荣誉的事。English：______________________________________________________________________对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。English：______________________________________________________________________排队等候是很有礼貌的。English：______________________________________________________________________听到他那样跟他妈妈说话我们很生气。English：______________________________________________________________________十分钟完成这件工作是难的。English：______________________________________________________________________从这乘飞机到巴黎用我们连两个小时的时间。English：______________________________________________________________________在河里游泳对你有许多好处。English：______________________________________________________________________评论这部电影让我很疲劳。English：______________________________________________________________________（二）不定式做表语e.g.:Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.中文：__________________________Yourmistakewasnottowritethatletter.中文：_________________________________注意：当主语部分有实义动词do时，做标语的不定式可省略to。Theonlythingyoushoulddois(to)waitandsee.疑问词how/what/when/where/which等可加不定式作表语。ThequestionishowtoimproveourEnglish.TranslationTheproblemishowtogetthereontime.OurplanisTheproblemishowtogetthereontime.Ourplanistosetupanothermiddleschoolforthepeasants’children.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。Theproblemis__________________________________________________________________我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。Ourplanis_____________________________________________________________________（三）不定式作宾语句型1：主语+动词+todo.句型2：主语+动词+for+宾语+todo.句型3：主语+动词+疑问词+todo.主语+谓语+it+宾补+主语+谓语+it+宾补+（forsb）+todosth（真正的宾语）.afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange▲,ask*,attempt,beg*,campaign▲,care,choose*,claim,dare*,decide,demand,expect*,fail,fight,guarantee,happen,help*,hesitate,hope,intend*,long▲,manage,need*,neglect,offer,pause,plan▲afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange▲,ask*,attempt,beg*,campaign▲,care,choose*,claim,dare*,decide,demand,expect*,fail,fight,guarantee,happen,help*,hesitate,hope,intend*,long▲,manage,need*,neglect,offer,pause,plan▲,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,prove,refuse,seem,strive,swear,tend,threaten,trouble*,undertake,wait▲,want*,wish*说明：以上带有“▲”号的动词可用于“动词+for+宾语+todo”的结构例如：I’vearrangeforacartopickthemupatthestation.以上带有“*”号的动词可用于“动词+宾语+todo”的结构例如：Hedoesn’treallyexpecthertopasstheexam.只能用动词不定式作宾语的口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）只能用动词不定式作宾语的口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）想要学习早打算（want、learn、plan）快准备有希望（prepare、hope、wish、expect）同意否供选择（agree、offer、choose）决定了已答应（decide、bedetermined、promise）尽力去着手做（manage、undertake）别拒绝别假装（refuse、pretend）失败不是属于你（fail）以上动词不能接动名词TranslationJackcan’taffordtobuysuchabighouse.Haveyoudecidedwheretogo?Wearewaitingforthetraintostop.Jackcan’taffordtobuysuchabighouse.Haveyoudecidedwheretogo?Wearewaitingforthetraintostop.Idon’tknowwhethertotakeupteachingaftergraduation.I’llarrangeforthemusicalinstrumentstobedeliveredonMonday.Wethinkitbettertotranslatethemedicalterminthisway.Ifeelitmydutytoservethepeopleheartandsoul.Theprofessionalfeelsitagreathonortobeinvitedtospeakatthemeetingbeforesomanystudents.Doyouconsideritbetternottogo?Iexpecttheretobeawonderfulperformancetomorrow.Jack不能承担起买这样一幢大房子。(afford)English：______________________________________________________________________你已经决定去哪儿了吗？(decide)English：______________________________________________________________________我们正等火车停下来。(wait)English：______________________________________________________________________我不知道毕业后是否从事教学。(know)English：______________________________________________________________________我会安排这些乐器在星期一被运送。(arrangefor)中文：_______________________________________________________________________我们认为这样翻译那个医学术语更好。(think)中文：_______________________________________________________________________我们觉得全心全意为人民服务是我们的职责。(feel)中文：_______________________________________________________________________这位专业人士觉得被邀请在会上面对这么多学生发言是一件很光荣的事情。中文：_______________________________________________________________________你认为不去更好吗？(consider)中文：_______________________________________________________________________我期待得明天会有一场精彩的演出。(expect)中文：_______________________________________________________________________（四）不定式作宾语补足语advice,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,command,dare,determined,direct,discover,drive,enable,expect,encourage,forbid,force,get,inform,invite,oblige,order,permit,persuade,prepare,recommend,remind,request,require,send,teach,urge,want,warn,wish下列动词可用于“主语+动词+宾语+todo.”结构中：advice,allow,ask,beg,cause,challenge,command,dare,determined,direct,discover,drive,enable,expect,encourage,forbid,force,get,inform,invite,oblige,order,permit,persuade,prepare,recommend,remind,request,require,send,teach,urge,want,warn,wish一感（________），二听（________，________），三使役（________，一感（________），二听（________，________），三使役（________，________，________），五看（________，________，________，________，________）说明：1）以上动词在被动结构中都必须还原to；2）let的被动常用allow/permit/givepermission的被动形式代替；3）动词help后接动词作宾语补足语，to可加可不加。下列动词用于“主语+动词+宾语+tobe+形容词或名词.”结构中：believe,consider,count,declare,deny,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,thinkbelieve,consider,count,declare,deny,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,thinkhope,demand,suggest,agree,refuse等后不能接动词不定式做宾语补足语。Ihope/demand/suggestyoutocomeontime.（错误）Ihopethatyoucancomeontime.（正确）Idemand/suggestthatyou(should)comeontime.（正确）说明：将不定式作宾语补足语的句子改为被动语态时，动词不定式就成为了主语补足语，如：Ithoughthimtobethebestplayerofthebasketball.→Hewasthoughttobethebestplayerofthebasketball.Wesawhimenterthehall.→He________________________________________________________________Ibelievehimtohaveturneddownthejob.→He________________________________________________________________TranslationIwouldlikeyoutohelpmewithmyEnglishexercises.JackisthoughttohavediedintheIwouldlikeyoutohelpmewithmyEnglishexercises.Jackisthoughttohavediedintheaircrashthreeyearago.Weneverexpectedtheretobesomanypeople.我想请你帮我做英语练习。(wouldlike)English：______________________________________________________________________Jack被认为三年前死于那场空难(aircrash)。(think)English：______________________________________________________________________我们从来没料想到会有如此多的人。(expect)English：______________________________________________________________________我将让他再试一次get也有“让”“get也有“让”“叫”的意思，和使役动词意思相近，但它后面的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to。I’llgethimtotryitagain.English：______________________________________________________________________尽管他经常弄哭他的小妹妹ThoughheoftenmakThoughheoftenmakeshislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.English：______________________________________________________________________经常听到他唱这首歌。(hear)English：______________________________________________________________________我们同意他参加这次英语比赛。(agree)English：______________________________________________________________________（五）不定式作定语不定式作定语，有时几乎等于一个定语从句，大多用于表示即将发生的动作。在某些由动词派生的名词后常接不定式作定语。agreementagreement,arrangement,attempt,claim,decision,desire,determination,failure,need,offer,plan,pleasure,promise,refusal,tendency,threat,warning,wish等Idon’ttrusthispromise____________(come)foravisit.中文：_______________________________________________________________________Hehaspersistedinherrefusal____________(spend)ChristmasinParis.中文：_______________________________________________________________________Maryhasnointention_______________(practise)lawlikeherfather.中文：_______________________________________________________________________注意：在intention或hope后常接“of+动名词或动名词的复合结构”形式。ability,ambition,anxiety,capability,curiosity,eagerness,freedom,patience,readiness,willingness等在某些由形容词派生的名词后常接不定式作定语。ability,ambition,anxiety,capability,curiosity,eagerness,freedom,patience,readiness,willingness等Yourability____________(analyze)theproblemreallysurprisesme.中文：_______________________________________________________________________Hehasfulfilledhisambition___________(be)anarchitect.中文：_______________________________________________________________________用于说明某些名词的内容，常接不定式作定语。appeal,campaign,chance,courage,effort,evidence,opportunity,position,power,reason,right,sense,skill,struggle,talent,way等appeal,campaign,chance,courage,effort,evidence,opportunity,position,power,reason,right,sense,skill,struggle,talent,way等Youmusthavethecourage____________(say)“No”.中文：_______________________________________________________________________Wehavegoodreason____________(believe)thatheislying.中文：_______________________________________________________________________用于某些名词或不定代词后，表示它们所起的作用。Haveyouanything____________(cure)myheadache?中文：_______________________________________________________________________Ineedabox____________(hold)mybooks.中文：_______________________________________________________________________theonlythe形容词最高级+名词+不定式顺序词（thelast,thenext）序数词（thefirst,thesecond）Linda是唯一一个在那所著名的教育机构工作的老师。English：______________________________________________________________________出席讲座的最年轻的人14岁。English：______________________________________________________________________注意：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或所修饰的名词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，应有必要的介词；带直接宾语的不定式修饰一个间接宾语时，也应加上相应的介词。如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：Completetocutappleswith.（削苹果）tolivein(住)tocutappleswith.（削苹果）tolivein(住)especiallyinBeijing.Thefoxfoundaboxtostandon(站在上面).Couldyoulendmeapentowritewith(写字)Thisisthetooltoworkwith(劳动).Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon(写字).Ihavenoideawhomtogivethisletterto.Hehasnoplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.Givemeaknife.（削苹果）Somepeoplehavenohouse(住),especiallyinBeijing.Thefoxfoundabox(站在上面).Couldyoulendmeapen(写字).Thisisthetoolto(劳动).Givemeapieceofpaper(写字).Ihavenoidea(把这封信给谁).Hehasnoplace(住).Thisisthebestway(阻止这两人打斗).（六）不定式做状语不定式做状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、结果、条件、原因或程度。作目的状语（4种句型）句型1：_____________________________________________________句型1：_____________________________________________________例如(inorder)to+动词原形：Tolearnaforeignlanguagewell,youmusttryyourbest(inorder)to+动词原形HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.句型2：_____________________________________________________句型2：_____________________________________________________例如soasto+动词原形（不位于句首）：Iturnedtheradiodownsoasnottodisturbhimsoasto+动词原形（不位于句首）Checkyourcompositionsoastoavoidmistakes.句型3：fortheretobe句型3：fortheretobe例如：Fortheretobenomistake,youmustrecheckyourcomposition.中文：______________________________________________________________________Fortheretobelife,theremustbeairandwater.中文：______________________________________________________________________句型4：for句型4：for+sb（不定式本身的主语）+to+动词原形例如：Myfatherboughtanewbookformetoread.中文：______________________________________________________________________Exercise：为了保护幼苗不被太阳晒坏Inordertoprotecttheyoungplantsfromthesun,Motherputthemintheshade.，妈妈把它们放到了阴凉处。(to)Inordertoprotecttheyoungplantsfromthesun,Motherputthemintheshade.English：______________________________________________________________________今天早上他起身很早以免上学再迟到Hegotupveryearlythismorningsoasnottobelateforschoolagain.。(soasto)Hegotupveryearlythismorningsoasnottobelateforschoolagain.English：______________________________________________________________________判断正误不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语：①Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.()不定式结构表示目的时，通常句子的主语就是它的逻辑主语Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.()②TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.()TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.()Conclusion：________________________________________________________________作结果状语（4种句型）句型1：_____________________________________________________句型1：_____________________________________________________例如too…to+动词原形，太…too…to+动词原形，太…以致不能Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.中文：______________________________________________________________________Hearrivedatthestationtoolatetocatchtheearlytrain.中文：______________________________________________________________________Wefoundtheroomtosmalltoholdsomanypeople.中文：______________________________________________________________________Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.中文：______________________________________________________________________Heistooanxious他很急切地想知道考试结果。toknowtheexaminationresults.他很急切地想知道考试结果。中文：______________________________________________________________________Sheisonly她太想留在家里了toogladtostayathome.她太想留在家里了中文：______________________________________________________________________It’snever活到老，学到老。toolatetolearn.活到老，学到老。中文：______________________________________________________________________注意：如果“too…to…”结构中的形容词为anxious,delighted,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,willing,surprised等，其后的不定式表示肯定。当all,but,not,never,only,quite,really等后接“too…to…”结构时，“too”的含义为“very”，不定式没有否定意义。句型句型2：onlyto+动词原形（find/discover/realize/drop等）表示出乎意料之外的结果例如：Hehurriedtotheschoolonlytofindnobodythere.中文：______________________________________________________________________Heliftarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.中文：______________________________________________________________________句型句型3：so+形容词/副词（原形）+asto+动词原形“如此…以至于…”句型句型4：such+带有形容词的名词词组+asto+动词原形“如此…以至于…”TranslationThequestionistoodifficultformetoanswer.HesaidhewascleverenoughThequestionistoodifficultformetoanswer.Hesaidhewascleverenoughtodealwithitbyhimself.Willyoubesokindastoturndowntheradio?Hewokeuponlytofindhimselfinhospital.Thewaterisnotfittodrink.Theroomisverycomfortabletolivein.对我来说，这个问题太难回答了。(too…to…)English：______________________________________________________________________他醒来发现自己在医院里。(onlyto)English：______________________________________________________________________作条件状语（常位于句首）例如：Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.Tohearhimtalk,youwouldthinkheownedthewholeworld.4.作原因状语（3种句型）句型句型1：主语+表示情感的不及物动词+不定式句型句型2：主语+表示情绪或情感的形容词/过去分词+不定式afraid,angry,anxious,eager,glad,happy,sorry,amazed,delighted,disappointed,excited,shocked,surprised句型句型3：主语+be+说明人的行为或品质的形容词+不定式例如：Icouldnotbutlaughtohearsuchafunnystory.I’mgladtomeetyou.Theboywasrudetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.注意：hard,difficult,easy,fit，comfortable等词也可以接动词不定式。这时候，作句子主语的除了是表示人的词外，还可以是表示物的词。如：Thewaterisnotfittodrink.Thebediscomfortabletolieon.形容词/副词+enoughto+动词原形“足够…形容词/副词+enoughto+动词原形“足够…（以至于）…”他说他足够聪明可以独自应付这件事。（enoughto）English：______________________________________________________________________（七）不定式作独立成分：常用的这类坦白地说确切地说当然，肯定坦白地说确切地说当然，肯定首先说得轻些不用说更不用说长话短说tobefrank_________________________tobesure_________________________tosaytheleast______________________tosaynothingof____________________tobeexact__________________________tobeginwith________________________needlesstosay_______________________tomakealongstoryshort_____________（八）“疑问词+不定式”连用疑问代词who,what,which、疑问副词when,where,how和连词whether等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。注意：介词后一般不直接加不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语；作宾语时，句子的主语也是不定式的逻辑主语，否则用宾语从句；作宾语时，不定式的动作必须晚于谓语动词的动作，否则用宾语从句。Exercise1：Howtogetridofwasteisagreatproblemfortheworldtoday.（作主语）Onhearingthenews,hedidn’tknowwhethertolaughortocry.（）Oneofthemainproblemsishowtodoawaywithpollution.（）Thediscussioncentredonhow介词宾语toincreasetheirstrength.（）介词宾语Whattodonexthasnotbeendecidedyet.（）Exercise2：Thereisn'tanyB考点："疑问词＋不定式"的语序；疑问词的意义B考点："疑问词＋不定式"的语序；疑问词的意义。B疑问词后接动词时，该动词常用不定式结构，且这种由"疑问词＋不定式"构成的短语常用一般式和主动语态，故选B。I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.ExpectsIdon’t“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”的同意句转换。主语和逻辑主语一致才能转换knowwhatIshoulddonext.→Idon’tknowwhattodonext.“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”的同意句转换。主语和逻辑主语一致才能转换什么时候能转换？__________________________________________________________CanyoutellmehowIcanimprovemyEnglish?→CanyouhowtoimprovemyEnglishtellme_____________________________________?howtoimprovemyEnglishThedoctortoldhimwhenheshouldtakethemedicine.→Thedoctortoldhim__________________________________.Wecan'tdecidewhentostart.→Wecan'tdecide______________________________________._____________________(什么时候开始)hasnotbeendecided.Theproblemis______________________________(怎样回复那个邀请).Iamthinkingabout___________________________________(是否立刻处理这个问题).Ididn’t动词后面要加不要加上介词?whatroom是名词，平时我们可以这样说liveintheroom，但是不可以这样说：livetheroom，所以后面需要介词decide____________________________________.(住什么样的房间)动词后面要加不要加上介词?whatroom是名词，平时我们可以这样说liveintheroom，但是不可以这样说：livetheroom，所以后面需要介词Ididn’t动词后面要加不要加上介词?whatroom是名词，平时我们可以这样说liveintheroom，但是不可以这样说：livetheroom，所以后面需要介词livethere,liveintheflat，不可以说liveinthere,livetheflatwhere是疑问副词，副词前不需要加介词了，不能说liveinwhere,只能说livewhere动词后面要不要宾语呢？decide____________________________________.(住动词后面要加不要加上介词?whatroom是名词，平时我们可以这样说liveintheroom，但是不可以这样说：livetheroom，所以后面需要介词livethere,liveintheflat，不可以说liveinthere,livetheflatwhere是疑问副词，副词前不需要加介词了，不能说liveinwhere,只能说livewhere动词后面要不要宾语呢？Idon’tknow________________________________________.(做什么)Idon’tknow________________________________________.(怎么做)玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。(tip)English:______________________________________________________________________我们不知道到哪儿去找他。English:______________________________________________________________________三、动词不定式的时态：动词不定式的时态，必须借助句子谓语所表示的动作体现出来。不定式的一般式（todo）：表示与谓语动词同时（或几乎同时）发生；Isawhimgoout.Heissaidtobeveryrich.表示在谓语动词之后发生；Iplantoattendthemeetingtomorrow.Hepromisedtowritetomeonceaweek.不定式的进行式（tobedoing）：表示谓语动词发生时，不定式的动作正在进行；HepretendedtobesleepingwhenIcamein.中文:__________________________________________________________________________Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.表示在谓语动词之后发生；Heisbelievedtobecoming.中文:__________________________________________________________________________Theoldmanseemstobedying.中文:__________________________________________________________________________不定式的进行式常用在appear,happen,pretend,seem等动词后。不定式的完成式（tohavedone）：如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式；I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.中文:__________________________________________________________________________ThenovelisbelievedtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.中文:__________________________________________________________________________不定式的完成式常用在appear,believe,hope,pretend,seem等表示看法与想法的动词后。如果不定式由持续性动词构成，而且句中有for，since等表示一段时间的时间状语时，则不定式的完成式表示持续到谓语动词之时仍没有结束；Heseemstohavebeenillforalongtime.I’mhappytohavelivedwithyousinceIcametothisschool.不定式的完成式表示没有实现的愿望或计划；betodo,beduetodo,expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,want,wish下列谓语动词的过去时加不定式的完成式，或它们的过去完成时（beto,bedueto除外）加不定式的一般式，表示过去的期待、没有实现的愿望或计划等，常译为“本打算、原希望”等；betodo,beduetodo,expect,intend,hope,mean,plan,promise,suppose,think,want,wishTranslation:我原本希望更早完成这个任务。(hope)English:_______________________________________________________________________他们假装看过那部小说了。(pretend)English:_______________________________________________________________________Exercise1：把下列的结果状语从句改为enoughto或too…to短语:Theroomissolargethatitcanholdonehundredpeople._______________________________________________________________________________Theroomissosmallthatitcan'tholdonehundredpeople._______________________________________________________________________________Thetextissoeasythatachildcanunderstandit._______________________________________________________________________________Thetextissodifficultthatachildcan'tunderstandit._______________________________________________________________________________Heissoshortthathecan'tbeagoodbasketballplayer._______________________________________________________________________________Exercise2：把下列的从句改为不定式短语：Therearestillalotofdifficultieswehavetoovercome._______________________________________________________________________________Beforethemachinesleavethefactory,thereisaseriesofteststhatmustbepassed._______________________________________________________________________________AttheendofthespeechheexpressedthedesirethatheshouldcomeandworkinChinasomeday._______________________________________________________________________________Theysignedanagreementthattheyshouldexpandthetradebetweenthetwocountries._______________________________________________________________________________Thecommandergaveordersthatweshouldcrosstheriver._______________________________________________________________________________Shewasexcitedwhensheheardthenews._______________________________________________________________________________I'mgladIhaveseenyourmother._______________________________________________________________________________Themotherwaspleasedwhenshesawhersondoingsowellatschool._______________________________________________________________________________Hewasveryhappywhenhesawussohappy._______________________________________________________________________________Theywillbedisappointedwhentheyhearit._______________________________________________________________________________Exercise3:1.Wouldyoupleasetellmenext?A.howtodoB.whattodoC.whatdoIdoD.howIshoulddo2.Thegirlwasn'ttoliftthatbookcase.A.toostrongB.enoughstrongC.strongenoughD.sostrong3.Foratimehisgrandmotherfoundaccepthisnewidea.A.hardB.ithardC.ithardtoD.itishardto4.Asshehasneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeonehertheway.A.showB.toshowC.showingD.showed5.Youdriveslowly.Theroadsarewet.A.hadratherB.wouldratherC.hadbetterD.wouldbetter6.Nothingcanmakethebravesoldierhiscountry.A.turnagainstB.toturnagainstC.toturntoD.turnto7.Intheolddaysitwasdifficul