一轮学案专题十情态动词和虚拟语气

专题十情态动词和虚拟语气核心考点课堂突破高考感悟单句填空1.(2020·天津卷)Jimsayswestayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.2.(2020·江苏卷)IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,InotbewhereIam.3.(2018·北京卷)Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.4.(2018·江苏卷)It’sstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.5.(2018·江苏卷)Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.6.(2018·天津卷)Ican’tfindmypurse.I(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI’mnotsure.7.(2018·北京卷)Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.8.(2018·天津卷)Ifwe(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeach.9.Myroomisamess,butIcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.10.—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,Iabletoreachheryesterday.考点归纳一、情态动词考点一can与couldcan表现在的能力,could主要指过去的能力。表示“过去成功做成某事”时通常用was/wereabletoThelittleboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?Everyonewasabletoescapewhenthefirebrokeout.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上,并不涉及此事真的发生),常译为“往往会,有时候可能会”。常用于肯定句中AlthoughyoucanfindbargainsinLondon,it’snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.续表表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉CanIhaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中Howcanyoubesocareless?表示推测。常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强Hecan’tbeintheclassroom;thelightisnoton.cannot/cannever...too/enough...表示“再……也不为过”Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhendrivingacar.cannotbutdosth./cannothelpbutdosth./cannotchoosebutdosth.表示“不得不/只好做某事”Youcannotchoosebutgowithme.考点二shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等;此外,颁布法律、规定时也用shallYoushalldoasyourfathersays.Eachpartyshallrespectthearticlesofthiscontract.用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示Shallthemanstandingoutsidehaveatry?考点三must表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustn’t表示禁止。对比:haveto表示客观上的“不得不”,可用于各种时态Theworkmustbefinishedassoonaspossible.OK,then,youmustn’tforgetyourmedicalcard.以must开头的问句,其否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto—MustIpayincash?—No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪—CanIsmokehere?—No.Gotothesmokingsection,ifyoumust.表示对具体事情的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,语气较强,只用于肯定句中Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp,hemusthavedonetheresearchonhisown.考点四should与oughtto表示义务,常译为“应该”,用于各种人称。oughtto的语气比should强烈Parentsshould/oughttotakegoodcareoftheirbabies.表示推测,译为“可能,(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼It’snearly8o’clock.Heshouldbehereatthemoment.表示惊讶、意外等,常译为“竟然,居然”Youshouldwearslippersintheclassroom.用在if条件句中,should表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气IfIshouldseehim,Iwouldtellhimthenews.考点五will与would表示意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常指过去的意愿Ifyouwillreadthebook,I’llgiveittoyou.表示请求、建议,常用于第二人称,用在疑问句中。would语气较委婉Willyoupleaseclosethewindow?表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,常译为“总是,惯于”Thedoorwouldn’topen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.注意would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymotherwouldtakemetoDisneylandatweekends.考点六may与might表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气委婉Youmayusemybike.表示推测,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestmight/maybecometherichest.may/mightaswell+动词原形,意为“最好,倒不如……”Youmay/mightaswelldoitatonce.maywell+动词原形,意为“完全能,很可能”Hemaywellbelateforclass.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿Mayyoureturninsafety!考点七need与dare两者都可以作为情态动词和实义动词。当作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作实义动词时,其变化和一般的动词相同,有人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do,does,did。dare用作实义动词,用于否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的to—I’vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanweneedn’tbringanythingwithus?Thelittlegirldidn’tdare(to)gooutatnightalone.续表need用作实义动词时,若主语为动作的承受者,用谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式Thehouseneedsrepairing.=Thehouseneedstoberepaired.Idaresay为习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”Idaresayshedarenotspeaktoherfatherinthismanner.考点八情态动词表推测在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能性。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示不太肯定的可能性,而can表示理论上的可能性Thenewsmustbetrue.在否定句中只能用cannot/can’t和maynot。can’t(不可能)语气比maynot(可能不、也许不)更强Thenewscan’tbetrue.在疑问句中只能用can,不能用may和mustCanthenewsbetrue?should与oughtto可以表示对未来情况的一种期盼,常译为“按理应当”Heshould/oughttobehereontime—hestartedearly.考点九情态动词+havedonecouldhavedone本可以Youcouldhavepassedtheexam,butyouweresocareless.can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做过Icouldn’thaveenjoyedmyselfmore—itwasaperfectday.may/mighthavedone可能做过Sorry,I’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.musthavedone一定做过Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.should/oughttohavedone本应该/竟然做过Look!Therearesomanymistakesinyourcomposition.Youshouldhavefixedfullattentiononit.needn’thavedone本不需要做Youneedn’thavegonetoschool,foritisSundaytoday.hadbetterhavedone当时最好做过Wehadbetterhaveremainedathomewhenourunclevisitedusthatday.wouldlike/lovetohavedone宁愿做过Iwouldliketohavehelpedyou,butIwastoobusythen.二、虚拟语气考点一虚拟语气用于条件句中If条件句的虚拟语气用法例句与现在事实相反从句动词:过去式(be用were)主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.续表用法例句与过去事实相反从句动词:had+过去分词主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.与将来事实相反从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.注意1.有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,with,butfor(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.2.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间做出相应的调整。Ifwehadbookedatableearlier,wewouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegoneabroad.(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况)3.省略if的虚拟语气如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgototheparty.→WereIyou,Iwouldgototheparty.Ifitshouldhappen,whatwouldyoudo?→Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.考点二wish宾语从句中的虚拟语气用法与现在事实相反过去式(be动词用were)—Doyouliketheschool?—Yeah.Ionlywishtheclasseswerealittlesmaller.与过去事实相反had+过去分词IwishIhadbeenatmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.与将来事实相反would/could/might+动词原形Iwishitwouldbefinetomorrow.考点三谓语必须用“(should+)动词原形”的情况表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,recommend,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的宾语从句或由it作形式主语的主语从句中的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”。这些动词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“(should+)动词原形”。Theteacherorderedthatthehomework(should)behandedinontime.Mymomsuggeststhatwe(should)eatoutforachangethisweekend.在Itisimportant/strange/natural/necessary/apity/ashame等+that从句,表示情绪、观点等的句型中,主语从句中的谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。Itisapitythathe(should)refusetoaccepttheoffer.注意suggest当“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;insist当“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedhewashappy.他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。Theboyinsistedhehadn’tstolenthemoney.那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。考点四虚拟语气在其他句型中的使用asif/asthough好像当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生时,从句谓语动词用过去式Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.Hewalkedinasifhehadboughttheschool.Itis(high)timethat...该是……的时候了从句谓语动词常用过去式It’shightimethathedidsomethinginsteadofjusttalking.wouldrather宁愿当从句表示与现在或将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式。当从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词用过去完成式Iwouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.I’dratheryouhadn’ttoldMikethebadnews.ifonly要是……多好表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去完成式IfonlyIhadpassedthedrivingtestlastweek!专项训练巩固提升Ⅰ.单句填空1.—CouldIlookatyourpictures?—Yes,ofcourseyou.2.IwishIabletotellhimallaboutitlastnight.3.IfI(have)moretime,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.4.TheJadeEmperororderedthattheMonkeyKing(arrest)rightaway.5.Themaninsistedthathe(send)there.6.HowIwishI(can)bethreeyearsyounger!7.(be)Iyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.8.Lookattheclock!It’s(high)timewe(go)home.9.Heorderedthework(start)atonce.10.I’dratheryou(stay)athomealldaytoday.Ⅱ.语法填空MissFang1.(not)readforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe2.gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.“You3.seeadoctorassoonaspossible,”shesaid.“You4.needglasses.”WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor5.seeherat3:30.MissFangrepliedthatshe6.notbeabletobethereat3:30becauseshehadacl