英语国家社会与文化入门UK-1课件

WhenwementiontheUK,Whatimpressesyoumost?Part1:TheUK(5weeks)Unit1-2:AbriefintroductiontotheUK(1weeks)BritishHistory(1week)Unit3:ThegovernmentoftheUK(1week)Unit4:Politics,ClassandRace(1week)Unit5-6:TheUKeconomyandliterature(1week)Unit7-8:Britisheducationsystemandforeignrelations(1week)Unit9-10:TheBritishmedia,Sports,holidaysandfestivals(1week)

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandLecture1Geography（1）EnglishSpeakingCountries——DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts

英国的不同名称及其各组成部分GeographicalFeatures英国的地理特征RiversandLakes河流与湖泊Climate气候MajorcitiesWwhat’sfor…I.DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts

英国的不同名称及其各组成部分

Geographicalnames:theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEngland.

地理名称:不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。Officialname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

官方正式名称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands---GreatBritain(thelargerone)andIreland,andhundredsofsmallones.

不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。1.BritishIslesTheBritishIslesareagroupofislandsoffthenorthwestcoastofcontinentalEuropethatincludeGreatBritain,Irelandandnumeroussmallerislands.Therearetwosovereignstateslocatedontheislands:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,andIreland.CommonlyusedalternativenamesareBritish-IrishIsles,BritainandIreland,GreatBritainandIreland,BritishIslesandIreland,orUKandIreland.2.GreatBritainGreatBritainisanislandlyingtothenorthwestofContinentalEurope.Itistheninthlargestislandintheworld,andthelargestEuropeanisland.Withapopulationofabout58.9millionpeople,itisthethirdmostpopulatedislandonEarth.GreatBritainissurroundedbyover1000smallerislandsandislets.TheislandofIrelandliestoitswest.3.UnitedKingdomTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland(commonlyknownastheUnitedKingdom,theUK,orBritain)isasovereignstatelocatedoffthenorthwesterncoastofcontinentalEurope.Itisanislandcountry,spanninganarchipelagoincludingGreatBritain,thenortheasternpartofIreland,andmanysmallislands.NorthernIrelandistheonlypartoftheUKwithalandborder,sharingitwiththeRepublicofIreland.4.BritishEmpire(100yearsago)About100yearsago,asaresultofitsimperialistexpansion,Britainruledanempirethathad1/4oftheworld’speopleand1/4oftheworld’slandarea.IthadcoloniesinNorthAmerica,Asia,AfricaandAustralia.TheCommonwealth(ofnations)isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.

英联邦是曾为英国殖民地的、但现已独立国家所构成的自由联合体。它成立于1931年，至1990年止已有50个成员国。现在为53个国家。5.TheCommonwealth(ofnations)TheCommonwealthofNations—formerlythe"BritishCommonwealth"—isavoluntaryassociationof53independentsovereignstates,mostofwhichareformerBritishcolonies,ordependenciesofthesecolonies(withtwoexceptions,Mozambique,whichwasaPortuguesepossession)andCameroon(whichwaspartlyaGermanterritoryandpartlyFrenchandBritishcolony)plustheUnitedKingdomitself.英联邦（又称共和联邦，台湾译大英国协；英语︰CommonwealthofNations）基于其历史渊源并想与世界别的联邦做区别，英语中时沿用旧称“BritishCommonwealthofNations”或“BritishCommonwealth”。它由53个独立国家组成，多数为大英帝国的前殖民地，元首为英国女王伊丽莎白二世，她也身兼其内英联邦王国的16国国家元首。TheCommonwealth'smembershipincludesbothrepublicsandmonarchies.ThehereditaryheadoftheCommonwealthofNationsisQueenElizabethII.Shealsoreignsasmonarchdirectlyinanumberofstates,knownasCommonwealthrealms,notablytheUnitedKingdom,Australia,Barbados,Canada,Jamaica,andNewZealand.TheCommonwealthofNationsissometimesreferredtoastheNewCommonwealthinaBritishcontext.ReasonforBritainEmpirechangedintoaCommonwealth:thetwoworldwarsgreatlyweakenedBritain.II.GeographicalFeatures

英国的地理特征

1.GeographicalpositionofBritain:

英国的地理位置:

Britainisanislandcountrysurroundedbythesea.ItliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.

英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。

Advantage:NopartofBritainisveryfarfromthecoastanditprovidesavaluableresource.TheBritishcoastislongandhasgood,deepharbours.Searoutesextendfarinland,providingcheaptransportation.TopographyHighlandLowlandNationsScotlandEnglandWalesNorthernIreland2.Generalfeaturesa.Tilting:①RisinginNorth-Westcausehighlandsthere;②SinkinginSouth-Eastcauselowlands.b.IceAge:responsibleforBritain’sspectacularmountainscenery.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands;andtheeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.

英国的西部和北部主要是高地，东部和东南部主要是低地。HighlandandlowlandFournationsThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:England,ScotlandandWales.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。联合王国由四个国家联合而成，分别是英格兰、苏格兰、北爱尔兰和威尔士1.EnglandFlagofEnglandRoyalStandardofEnglandEnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargest,mostpopuloussection.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部，是最大，人口最稠密的地区。英格兰地理

英格兰大部分地区地势绵延起伏，北部多山区。主要的河流包括了泰晤士河和塞文河，其中塞文河是英国最长的河流。主要城市包括了伦敦、曼彻斯特、里茲、利物浦、纽卡斯尔和伯明翰。多佛港附近的英吉利海峡隧道将英国与海峡对岸的法国相连接。England(morethan130,000squarekilometreswhichtakesupnearly60%ofthewholeisland)a.Pennines（奔宁山脉）,principalmountainchain.b.Scafell(978m),thehighestpeakofEngland.c.Capital:London.Apartfromthislandborder,theUKissurroundedbytheAtlanticOcean,theNorthSea,theEnglishChannelandtheIrishSea.Thelargestisland,GreatBritain,islinkedtoFrancebytheChannelTunnel.EnglishChannelTheEnglishChannel(French:LaManche,"thesleeve")isanarmoftheAtlanticOceanthatseparatesEnglandfromnorthernFrance,andjoinstheNorthSeatotheAtlantic.Itisabout560

km(350

mi)longandvariesinwidthfrom240

km(150

mi)atitswidest,toonly34

km(21

mi)intheStraitofDover.ItisthesmallestoftheshallowseasaroundthecontinentalshelfofEurope,coveringanareaofsome75,000

km2(29,000

sq

mi).英吉利海峡英吉利-多佛尔海峡由英吉利海峡和多佛尔海峡组成，位于欧洲大陆和大不列颠岛之间，是沟通北海和大西洋的重要海上通道，是国际航运量最大的水道。以朴茨茅斯港为界，西南是英吉利海峡，东北为多佛尔海峡。海峡东窄西宽呈喇叭形.

TheEnglishChannelandTheStraitofDoverTheEnglishChannel（英吉利海峡）TheStraitofDover（多佛尔海峡）WhiteCliffs白垩崖Eurostar

(欧洲之星高速列车）goesacrossEnglishchanneltunnel（英吉利海峡隧道）2.scotlandScotland(78,760squarekilometres)a.Threezone:①Highlandsinthenorth:plateau;②CentralLowlands:mostimportantareainScotlandwhichcontainmostoftheindustryandpopulation;③SouthernUplands:moorland.b.BenNevis(1,343m),thehighestmountaininBritain.c.Capital:Edinburgh.(2)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones(theHighlandsinthenorth;theCentrallowlands;thesouthUplands)Capital:Edinburgh

苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。它有三大自然区:北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。首府:爱丁堡。FlagofScotland.RoyalStandardofScotland3.WalesWales(20,761squarekilometreswhich