通过知识竞争：人力资本架构

IBM“You

can

get

capital

and

erectbuildings,

but

it

takes

people

tobuild

a

business.”“你能得到资金和高楼大厦，但你需要员工才能完成交易”Thomas

J.

Watson,

IBMDid

IBM

forget?$168

billion

(Tobins

Q

=

2.1)Hardware,

software,

and

servicesNobel

prize-winning

scientists3,768

patents

(1993-1995)What’s

Happening

Today?今天发生了什么？Core

competencies核心能力Innovation变革External

partnerships外部合作伙伴Leadingto…导致New

Business

Equation新的商业等式Knowledge-based

strategies以知识为基础的战略Need

for…需要……Organizational

agility敏捷的组织Speed速度Innovation变革Cost成本网络型组织对顾客诚实智力资本信息技术Industry

Changes工业变化Globalization全球化Information

technology信息技术合作者与契约伙伴打破界限关注核心能力Core

Competence…核心能力………is

a

bundle

of

skills

and

technologies

that

enables

acompany

to

provide

a

particular

benefit

to

customers.包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的利益。Hamel

and

Prahalad,

1994SONY索尼FEDERAL

EXPRESS联邦快递Logistics后勤（协调能力）On-time

delivery准时送货HONDA本田

Engine

design/mfg.机械设计

Reliable

performance值得信赖的产品MOTOROLA摩托罗拉公司Wireless

technology无线技术Untethered

comm.无线沟通CoreCompetence核心能力Miniaturization微型设计Benefit

toCustomer给消费者的利益Pocketability便携式KnowledgeRelationshipsTechnologiesCRITERIA标准valuable有价值的unique唯一的UNIQUE

=

(social

complexity

+

causal

ambiguity)Competing

Through

Peoplet人的竞争Identify

&

develop

core

skills确定和发展核Integrate

diverse

activities整合多样化的Respond

with

agility

&

speed敏捷、快速反应Empower

action授权Innovate变革extendable可扩展性利益。learning学习Core

Competence…核心能力…is

a

bundle

of

skills

and

technologiesthat

enables

a

company

to

provide

aparticular

benefit

to

customers.包括大技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的--Hamel

and

PrahaladBenefitsVALUE

=

-Costs价值＝收益/成本学习＝经验ARNI×NG挑=(战experience

x

challenge)Processes唯一＝社会的复杂性＋原因的模糊性PROCESSES流程customer

segmentation客户服务部门just-in-time(hrs)及时服务-mass

customization模块用户化-ROIC

metrics

计算基本回报率制度KNOWLEDGE知识-experimentation试验customer客户technology技术operations执行managing管理TECHNOLOGY技术Premier

pages主页software

installation软件安装TPM

triggers

(parts,

service)customer

purchasing

systems客户购买系统RELATIONSHIPS关系customer

intimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度Platinum

councils顶尖顾问supplier

partnerships(Sony)供应商合作employee

involvement雇员参与third

party

service

maintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务distribution

agreements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议Leadingto…Value价值Uniqueness唯Learning学习“A

low-value

product

can

bemade

by

anyone

anywhere.When

you

have

knowledgeno

one

else

has

access

to--

that’s

dynamite.We

guardour

intellectual

assets

evenmore

carefully

than

ourfinancial

assets.”低价值的产品任何人、任何地方都可以做。当你拥有别人无法掌握的知识时——那才是优势。我们小心保护着我们的智力资本甚至超过了我们的金融资本价值V整ir合tual

Integrati-obunil”d

to

order

(AIM)以订单为核心Southwest

Airlines西南航空-Premier

pages主页-TPM

triggers(parts,service)第三方提供维修服PROCESSES流程customer

segmentation客户服务部门just-in-time(hrs)及时服务mass

customization模块用户化build

to

order(AIM)以订单为核心ROIC

metrics计算基本回报率制度“Positively

Outrageous

Serv-eixpceeri”mentation试验KNOWLEDGE知识customer客户technology技术operations执行managing管理TECHNOLOGY技术RELATIONSHIPS关系-customer

intimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度-software

installation软件安装-Platinum

councils顶尖顾问supplier

partnerships(Sony)供应商合作-customer

purchasing

systems客户购买系统employee

involvement雇员参与third

party

service

maintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务distribution

agreements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议积极的额外服务biochemistry有机化学imunodiagnostics免疫诊断

(antibodies/conjugates)抗体/融合PROCESSES流程R&D/Mfg.研发bioconjugation生物聚和antibody

purification抗体提纯PCR

amplificationDNA

hybridization

DNA杂交-TQM全面质量管理=“Rapid

Learning-”commercialization商品化KNOWLEDGE知识-microbiology微生物TECHNOLOGYimmunoassays确定抗原ELISA(serum/blood)免疫血清rapid

diagnostics快速诊断DNA

based

DNA基础RELATIONSHIPS关系CRC-DT,

CDCU.S.Army美国军队World

Health

Org国际健康组织.universities大学distribution

network分享网络employee(science/mkt)雇员Leadingto…frontier

of

its

intellectual

fielis

more

likely

to

stay

at

thefrontier.

It

can

attract

andchallenge

more

and

betterintellect

than

its

competitors.By

solving

more

advancedproblems,

it

has

morecapacity

to

solve

others.And

so

on.”一个处于智力领域的前沿的组织一定处于行业的前沿。它能够比竞争对手吸引更多更好的人才且为其提供更多的机会。通过解决尖端问题它也能解决其他问题。---

JB

QuinnValue价值Uniqueness唯一Learning学习An

organization

at

theBIOTECH

INC.C2

=快速学习systems..PeopleSystemsKNOWLEDGE知识-

microbiology-

biochemistry-

bioconjugation-

imunodiagnosticsPROCESSES流程-

R&D/Mfg.-

bioconjugationantibody

purificationPCR

amplificationDNA

hybridizationTQMTECHNOLOGIES技术-

immunoassays-

ELISA

(serum/blood)-

rapid

diagnostics-

DNA

based

detectionRELATIONSHIPS关系CRC-DT,

CDCU.S.

Army-

World

Health

Org.-

universities-

distribution

network-

employee

(science/mkt)-

commercializationC2

=“Rapid

Learning”快速学习SYSTEMSCore

Competence核心能力BioTech,Inc.:Intellectual

capital生物技术：智力资本P员EOPLE人系统HumanCapital人力资本SocialCapital社会资本OrganizationalCapital组织资本人与o系mbi统na的ti整o

合导致How

does

humancapitalcontribute

to

the

core

competence?人力资本对核心能力的贡献Value有价值的Unique唯一的Resources

need

to

be:资源是BenefitsVALUE价值=Drives

innovation推动变革Responds

to

customer

demands反映消费者需求CostsProvides

excellent

customer

service提供出色的客户服务

Achieves

highest

quality达成最优质量Instrumental

in

process

improvements有助于流程完善Develops

new

business

opportunities发展新的商业机会Directly

affects

efficiency

and

productivity直接影响效率和生产率Minimizes

costs

of

production,

service,

delivery最小化产品成本、服务成本、送货成Not

widely

available

in

the

marketz在市场上没有得到广泛的信赖Cannot

be

bought

or

appropriated不能被购买或采购

Difficult

to

imitate

or

duplicate难以模仿或复制

Specialized

KSAs特别的KSADifficult

to

replace难以替代

Customized

to

our

firm在公司定做Developed

through

on-the-job

experiences通过有实际经验的人培训Distinguishes

us

from

our

competitors差异化收益成本KEY财务人员HR人员技术管理团队信息系统员操作人员市场/销售研发员质量控制人员生物研究员客户服务人员.快速诊断员.法律顾问分配研发人员机械操作员运输员销售员销售员技术管理团队客户服务人员研发人员快速诊断员HR人员财务人员客户服务人员操作工研发人员研发合作伙伴CoreKnowledge核心知识VALUE唯一性高人力资本图快速诊断2C

=

Rapid

LearHR人员法律顾问信息管理员生物研究员财务人员质量控制员技术管理团队IdiosyncraticKnowledge特殊知识价值辅助型知识AncillaryKnowledgeLowScott

A.Snell,Cornell

Univers低ity公用型知识CompulsoryKnowledgehigh高R&DManufacturing/OperationsSalesSalesTMTCustServHRR&DRapidsFinCustomerServiceMfgR&DR&DPartnersCoreKnowledge核心知识LowVALUEhighBIOTECH,INC:Mapping

Human

Capital人力资本图KEYFinance财务HR人力资源TMT技术管理团队MIS信息系统Mfg/Operations操作人员Market/Sales市场/销售R&D研发Quality质量

Biologicals生物

Cust.Service客户服务

Rapid

Diag.快速诊断

Legal/Reg.法律

Distribution分配Rapids2C

=

Rapid

LearHRLegalMISBiologicalsDistributionFinQualityTMTCompulsoryKnowledgeIdiosyncraticKnowledge特殊知识AncillaryKnowledge唯一UNIQUE性价值低高Scott

A.Snell,Co