定语从句高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第一册

定语从句RelativeClausesContents一、什么是定语？二、什么是定语从句？三、定语从句的核心考点四、定语从句真题集训一、什么是定语？1.用来修饰某个名词或代词的句子成分2.可以放在名词之前；也可以放在名词或代词之后3.在翻译时通常带有一个“的”ThebeautifulgirlisAngelababy.ThebeautifulgirlwhocanspeakgoodEnglishisAngelababy.先行词关系词定语从句

定语一个句子起到了定语功能叫做定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句需用关系词（关系代词和关系副词）引导。二、什么是定语从句？二、什么是定语从句？当定语成分由一个句子来充当时，这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或代词1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2.位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?Thosewhoarefortheplanraiseyourhands,please.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.

Asisknowntousall,theearthisspinningaroundthesun.3.先行词：被定语从句修饰词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-,any-,every-,no-与-body，-thing的合成词或all,none,any,some,that,those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose,as等。关系副词：when,where,why等。5.关系词在定语从句中的作用：（1）连接作用：连接主句与从句。（2）替代作用：指代先行词。（3）成分作用：在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。考点精析框架结构图定语从句关系词定义分类that和which的区别关系代词关系副词指代人whowhomwhosethatas指代物whichwhosethataswhen---时间where---地点why---原因限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只用that的情况只用which的情况关系代词1关系代词who111关系代词whom212关系代词that313that关系代词that414that关系代词which515关系副词2关系副词when,where,why

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why,how的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。when指时间＝in/at/on/duringwhichwhere指地点＝in/at/onwhichwhy指原因＝forwhichThereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?关系副词when1关系副词代替功能在从句中的成分例句when(＝at/on/in/duringwhich)时间名词时间状语Shestillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)shewontheprize.她仍然记得她获奖的那一天。关系副词where2关系副词代替功能在从句中的成分例句where(＝in/atwhich)地点名词地点状语Thisisthefactorywhere(atwhich)hisfatheronceworked.这就是他父亲曾经工作过的工厂。关系副词why3关系副词代替功能在从句中的成分例句why(＝forwhich)reason原因状语Hedidn'tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasdismissed.他不知道他为什么被解雇了。关系词的选择31．确定关系词三步走：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看从句中是否缺成分，缺什么成分。如果从句中缺主语、表语、宾语和定语,就用关系代词；如果从句中缺状语,就用关系副词。(3)依据关系词所充当的成分并结合句意确定关系词。

ThehouseHaveyouaskedherforthereasonneedsrepairing.whereheliveswhich/thathelivesinthat/whichmyexplainherabsence?whyshewasabsent?2.判断关系词在从句中作什么成分,取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。ThisisthepointwhereIdisagree.这就是我不同意的地方。(disagree为不及物动词,故关系词用where。)Thisisthepoint(which/that)Idisagreewith.这就是我不同意的地方。(从句缺少介词with的宾语,用that/which引导,也可以省略)三、定语从句的核心考点考点1.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，只用that而不用which的情况：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。

ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas“ThePrinceandthePauper”byMarkTwain.(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thesame,few等修饰时。

Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.(3)先行词为all,much,little,none,few,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledhisbus.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwasfiveyearsago.(6)关系代词在从句中做表语Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.(7)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?考点2.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，只用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。

Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(2)当关系词前有介词时。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.(3)当先行词本身是that时。

Naturalwateristhatwhichcontainsimpurities(杂质).联想：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别？有无逗号能否用that，why引导先行词是（词/句）关系词是否能省略限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Thisisthegirl________________Imetinthestreet.Hemadeanewfriend,______helikedverymuch.Thefive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.

whom（that/who/whom）关系代词在从句中作宾语时能省不能无有词或句词能不能

(不用who，不可省)

(which指代前面一整句话)(能填it吗？)

(作宾语可省略）考点3.关系代词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是therebe句型时，关系词用who。

Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.(2)先行词是anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等词时，关系词用who。

Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Whoisthatgirlthatisstandingbythewindow?whom：指人，作宾语(在限制性定语从句中作宾语可省略，可换成that/who,但是在介词+whom结构中，不能省,不能换)

如：

(1)Theman

__________________

ItalkedtoisMr.Li.(2)Themanto_________ItalkedisMr.Li.考点4.

whom（that/who/whom）whom1）介词与先行词搭配I’mlookingforabasket____________Icanputallthesepeaches.2)介词与从句中的动词、形容词搭配Therewasn’tasingleperson____________Icouldturnforhelp.Chinaisapowerfulcountry,_________wearegreatlyproud.3)据句意判断Thecolorlessgas,__________________wecan’tlive,iscalledoxygen.联想：介词

+

whom

（指人）/

which（指物）结构中介词怎么选择？withoutwhichtowhomofwhichinwhich4)ofwhich/whom表“所有”或“……中的一部分”Theoldwomanhasthreesons，all/two_____________aredoctors.Theoldwomanhasthreesons;all/twoof_____________aredoctors.Theoldwomanhasthreesonsandall/twoof_____________aredoctors.Theoldwomanhasthreesons.All/twoof_____________aredoctors.them(能填ofthem吗？)themofwhomthemwhose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+

n.(1)I’dlikeahouse________windowsfacethesea.=…thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindowsfacethesea.(2)

I’liketothankMr.Smith,without________help,Iwouldn'thavegonesofar.(3)Thebossin_______companyIworkedfor10yearshasretired.考点5.whose“人/物

的……”whosewhosewhose(能填his吗？)考点6.as引导的限制性和非限制性定语从句关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰，或句型asmany(much)中，从句都用as引导。Suchbooksasyouboughtformeasagiftareuseful.注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：

Theyaresuchbeautifulflowersthatwelovethemmuch.②thesame...as...和thesame...that...都可引导定语从句，前者表示“与……同样的(同类不同个)”；后者表示“同一个，就是那个”如：ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.

这同我昨天丢失的那支钢笔一样。(但不是同一支)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.

这就是我昨天丢的那支钢笔。(同一支)(2)先行词为整个主语或主句的一部分，非限制性定语从句用as或which引导。区别：①位置上：as从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾：which引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。②意义上：as具有“正如，像”而which常译为“这一点，这件事”。ThePacificisthelargestocean,asweallknow.Theroadwastooslippery,whichcausedlotsofaccidents.

Asisknowntousall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.③which引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系。Theroadwastooslippery,whichcausedlotsofaccidents.(因为路滑，所以出事)7.必须注意的问题：(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的单、复数该如何判定。(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。①定语从句中关系词所作从句成分，在从句中的功能；②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词；③去掉itis/was和that/who后，如果句子成分完整，句子能够讲得通（成立）则是强调句，讲不通（不成立）则不是强调句。Itistheartgallerythat/whichwevisitedlastweek.(定语从句)Itwasinafive-starhotelthatwestayedlastnight.(强调句)(3)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别。①定语从句的引导词称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。而且这个that还常可以用which来代替。而同位语从句的引导词叫作从属连词，that不充当任何成分，但一般不可省，也不能用which来代替。

Thefactthat(which)wetalkedaboutisveryimportant.(that在从句中作about的宾语定语从句)

Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.(that只起连接作用

同位语从句)Thenewsthatyouheardistrue.(that在从句中作heard的宾语定语从句)HerecomesthenewsthatsometouristsfromAmericawillcometoourvillage.(that只起连接作用同位语从句)②定语从句的先行词可以是人，也可以是具体事物或抽象概念。修饰其前面名词或代词(先行词)，说明其先行词性质特征的；而同位语从句进一步说明其前面名词(大多为抽象名词)的内容。Weexpressedtothemourwishthatwasthesameastheirs.(定语从句)Wordcamethattheirarmywasdefeated.(同位语从句)③根据引导词来区别。如果引导从句的词为when,where或者why，而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、地点、原因等意义，则它们为关系副词，引导的是定语从句。例如：I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIsawtheGreatWall.(定语从句)而这些连接副词与前面的名词意义不相关时，这些词便是连接副词，引导同位语从句前面的名词往往也是idea,truth,news等。例如：Thequestionwhenwewillstarttheworkisnotdecided.(同位语从句)YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas.(同位语从句)(4)关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。①关系词作宾语，前无介词时；

Isthereanything(which)youwanted?

Whoistheman(that/who/whom)youweretalkingto?②关系词作表语。

Chinaisnotthecountry(that)itwas.(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词一般用which,whom和whose＋名词引导从句。Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,duringwhichtimehestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.Ihavemanyfriends,ofwhomsomearebusissmen.四、定语从句真题集训单句语法填空1.(2023·全国乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife......解析：考查定语从句。此空修饰前面表示地点的名词，并同时在从句中做主语，只能用关系代词。故填that/which。2.(2022·新高考全国I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies______livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处应用限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，并在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。that/whichthat3.(2021·新高考全国II卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany_________

usedalotofplastic,I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.解析：考查定语从句。句意:我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词acompany，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。4.(2020·新高考全国I卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum____________openedin1759.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theBritishMuseum，关系词在从句中做主语，所以用which或that。故填which/that。which/thatwhich/that5.(2020·新高考全国II卷)The

Digital

Worldisasetofvolumes__________

aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.解析：考查定语从句。所填的词引导限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词volumes，指物，并在从句中作主语，故填that/which。6.(2020·新高考全国III卷)InancientChinalivedanartist_______paintingswerealmostlifelike.解析：考查定语从句引导词。此处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词artist,指人，且定语从句中缺少定语，故填whose。that/whichwhose7.(2019·新课标III卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.解析：考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人)，且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。8.(2019·浙江卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.解析：考查定语从句。此空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此用that或which引导。故填that/which。who

that/which9.(2019·北京卷)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose_______aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.解析：考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。10.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014____________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.解析：考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导定语从句，astudy是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。who/that

that/which11.(2022·全国甲卷)Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,_____losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是CaoShengkang，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以填who。12.(2020·全国I卷)Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot_______itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是表示地点的spot，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作状语，故填where。wherewho13.(2019·江苏卷改编)Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.解析：考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为anage(一个时代)，且从句中缺少时间状语，所以关系词用when。14.(2019·天津卷改编)Theirchildisatthestage_______shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences是一个定语从句，先行词是thestage，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。when

where15.(2023·新课标全国III卷)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,______livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.解析：考查非限制性定语从句。空前有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。16.(2019·新课标II卷)NowIreneAstb