第二军医大眼科学课件-第一章眼科学基础-1

第一章

眼科学基础Chapter

oneBasic

ophthalmology1/7/2021眼科学1■1/7/2021眼科学2第一节

眼的组织解剖anatomy

of

eyeball一．眼球The

globe(eyeball)■■正常眼球的前后径出生时约16mm.3岁时达23mm.成年时24mm.

anterior

and

posterior

distance

of

noreyeball

is

16mm

in

born.

At

age

3

23mm,at

adult

24mm（一）

眼球壁

Eyecoat1/7/2021眼科学31.

外层

The

outer

coat1/6角膜5/6巩膜CorneaSclera（1）角膜

Cornea1/7/2021眼科学4横径The

transverse

diameter

11.5-12mm垂直径The

vertical

diameter

10.5-11mm前表面曲率半径The

radiusof

convex

curvature

in

front7.8mm后表面曲率半径The

radiusof

convex

curvature

in

back6.8mm角膜厚度中央部The

central

thickness

0.5-0.55mm角膜厚度周边部The

periphery

thickness1mm1/7/2021眼科学5组织学分层①上皮细胞层②前弹力层③基质层④后弹力层

内皮细胞层1/7/2021眼科学6EpitheliumBowman’s

membraneStromaDescemet’s

membraneEndothelium1/7/2021眼科学7(2)巩膜Sclera组织学分层1/7/2021眼科学8①表层巩膜

The

episclera②巩膜实质层The

scleral

stroma③棕黑板层

The

lamina

fascia角巩膜缘Limbus前房角

Anterior

chamber

angle1/7/2021眼科学92．中层The

middle

coat1/7/2021眼科学10葡萄膜

Uvea色素膜Tunica

pigmentosa（1）虹膜1/7/2021眼科学11Iris分层：①基质层Stroma②色素上皮层Pigment

epithelial

la瞳孔Pupil:直径2.5-4mm(2)睫状体Ciliary

body1/7/2021眼科学12睫状冠睫状突Pars

plicata:

前1/3Cliary

processes:睫状体扁平部

Pars

plana:

后2/3锯齿缘

Ora

serrata:(3)脉络膜Choroid1/7/2021眼科学13组成大血管层中血管层毛细血管层Large

vascular

layerMiddle

vascular

layerCapillary

layer3．内层Inner

layer视网膜Retina1/7/2021眼科学14中心凹Fovea

黄斑Macula

lutea

中心小凹Foveola——黄斑中心凹Foveacentralis视盘Optic

disc——视乳头Optic

papill视杯、杯凹Optic

cup视网膜分层1/7/2021眼科学15外层视网膜色素上皮层Retinal

pigment

epithelium,

RPE内层视网膜神经感觉层1/7/2021眼科学16①视锥、视杆细胞层（光感受器细胞层）Cone

and

rod

layer②外界膜External

limiting

membrane③外核层Outer

nuclear

layer④外丛状层Outer

plaxiform⑤内核层Inner

nuclear

layer⑥内丛状层Inner

plexiform

layer⑦神经节细胞层Ganglion

cell

layer⑧神经纤维层Nerve

fiber

layer⑨内界膜Limiting

membrane1/7/2021眼科学17（二）眼球内容

Contents

of

the

eye1/7/2021眼科学181.房水Aqueous

humor■前房Anterior

chamber■后房Posterior

chamber2.晶状体1/7/2021眼科学19Lens3.玻璃体Vitreous

body1/7/2021眼科学201/7/2021眼科学211.视路Visual

pathway1/7/2021眼科学22

光感受器→双级细胞→神经节细胞→视乳头→视神经→视交叉→视束→外侧膝状体→视放射→视皮质

retinal

photoreceptor→bipolar

cell→nervganglion

cells→optic

disk→optic

nerve→ochasm→optic

tract→lateral

geniculate

bodoptic

radiation→visual

cortex.二、眼眶及附属器Orbit

and

accessory

apparatus1/7/2021眼科学23(一)

眼眶

Orbit1.视神经孔和视神经管Optic

foramen

and

canal2.眶上裂3.眶下裂Superior

orbital

fissureInferior

orbital

fissure4.眶上切迹（或孔）The

supraorbital

notch（二）眼睑Eye

lids1/7/2021眼科学241

皮肤层

The

skin2皮下组织层Subcutaneous3肌层4睑板层5结膜层Muscular

layerLayer

of

the

tarsal

plThe

conjunctival

laye1/7/2021眼科学25(三)结膜Conjunctiva1/7/2021眼科学261睑结膜2球结膜3穹窿结膜Palpebral

conjunctivBulbar

conjunctivaFornical

conjunctiva1/7/2021眼科学27(四)泪器Lacrimal

apparatus1/7/2021眼科学281泪腺2泪道泪小点泪小管泪囊鼻泪管Lacrimal

glandLacrimal

passagesLacrimal

punctaLacrimal

canaliculiLacrimal

sacNasolacrimal

duct1/7/2021眼科学29(五)眼外肌Extraocular

muscle1/7/2021眼科学304条直肌Rectus上直肌superior

recti

muscles下直肌inferior

recti

muscles内直肌medial

recti

muscles外直肌external

recti

muscles2条斜肌Oblique

muscle上斜肌superior

oblique

muscles下斜肌Inferior

oblique

muscles1/7/2021眼科学31三、视路Visual

pathway■■■■（一）视神经眼内段眶内段管内段颅内段（二）视交叉（三）视束（四）外侧膝状体（五）视放射Optic

nerveIntraocularIntraorbitalIntracanalicularIntracranialOptic

chiasmOptic

tractLateral

geniculate

boOptic

radiation六）视皮质1■/7/202（132眼科V学isual

cortex2.瞳孔反射路

Pathway

of

papillary

reflex1/7/2021眼科学33光反射

Light

reflex直接光反射Direct

reflex间接光反射Indirect

reflex近反射

Near

reflex1/7/2021眼科学34四、眼球的血液循环和神经分布1/7/2021眼科学35Blood

circulation

and

innervation

of

theglobe（一）血液循环Blood

circulation动脉Artery视网膜中央血管系统the

central

retinal

vascular

system睫状血管系统the

ciliary

vascular

system1.视网膜中央血管系统The

central

retinal

vascular

sys视网膜中央动脉Central

retinal

artery,

CRA1/7/2021眼科学362.睫状血管系统the

ciliary

vascular

system1/7/2021眼科学37(1)睫状后短动脉Short

posterior

ciliary

artery(2)睫状后长动脉Long

posterior

ciliary

artery(3)睫状前动脉Anterior

ciliary

artery静脉Vein1/7/2021眼科学381.视网膜中央静脉Central

retinal

vein

CRV2.

涡静脉

Vortex

vein3.睫状前静脉Anterior

ciliar

vein（二）神经Nerve1/7/2021眼科学391睫状神经节2鼻睫状神经Ciliary

ganglionNasociliary

nerve视路及瞳孔反射Optic

pathway

and

pupillary

reflex1/7/2021眼科学401．瞳孔反射路

Pathway

of

pupillary

reflex1/7/2021眼科学41光反射

Light

reflex直接光反射

direct

reflex间接光反射

indirect

reflex近反射

Near

reflex2.视路Visual

pat