Unit4NaturalDisasters重点单词讲解以及作业训练高中英语人教版

BOOK1UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS[即学即练]——单句语法填空【affect】Bestofall,humorraisesyourenergy,andthatcanhaveaneffect________everythingyoudoatschool,atwork,orinyourpersonallife.___________________(affect)withaseriousdisease,hewasnolongerabletospeakclearlyandheknewtherewasnohopeofrecovery.Ifeelmuch________________(affect)formymum,whosewordsandactionshaveapositiveeffect________me.【bury】Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark,_______________(bury)herheadinthebookinherhands.Hestoodonthesidewalkwithhishands_____________(bury)inthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundhim_______________(bury)hisfaceinhishands.【suffer】Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesuffered_________blindnessforlackofpropertreatment.Itishardtoimaginethepainand__________________(suffer)thesepoorpeoplewentthroughduringthewintermonths.【survive】Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforus________________(survive)istoliveinharmonywithnature.Aftertheplanecrash,whatthe______________(survive)coulddowastowaitforrescueonthisdesertisland.Ifhecouldn'tfindhiswayoutoftheforest,therewouldbelittlechanceof______________(survive).【power】Jenniferisafirst­generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamilyandthat'spretty_________________(power).Afterthenewpresidentcame__________power,hetookaseriesofmeasurestoimprovepeople'slife.Thegovernmenthasbeen________powerfortwentyyears,andisstillgoingstrong.NotthatIdon'twanttohelpyou,butthatit's_____________mypowertodoso.【strike】Shewaspractisingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.Thevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyofthecountry.IheardtheclockstrikingeightwhenIwokeupthismorning.ItstruckmethatIwouldhaveanimportantmeetinginShanghaithenextday.Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.【ruin】Thereisalsothematteroftone(语气).Whohasn'treceivedane­mailsoannoyingthatit______________(ruin)anentireday?DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftourists______________(ruin)theatmosphereofpeace?Drunkdrivingnotonlyruined________________(he)butalsokilledseveralpassers­by.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighbourhood________ruins.【putup】Firstheopenedashopandthenputupasignoutsidetheshoptoattractcustomers.Thosewhoknowtheanswertothequestion,pleaseputupyourhands.IwashopingKatecouldputmeupforafewnightswhenIvisitedthecity.Mostbigstoresadmittheydaren'tputpricesupforfearoflosingtheircustomers.语法精讲Thenextmorning,shewaslookingforsomethingtoeatwhensheheardsomeonecallinghername.Inthedark,shewastootiredandhungrytofallasleep.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget..Thisproblemisnoteasy__________________(figure)out.Theproblemlooksrathereasy,butinfactitisveryhardtodeal_________.[改错]Amongthefourseasonsinayear,summerismyfavourite.Themorningairisgoodtobreathein.[改错]WhileLiPingisnotatalkativegirl,sheisnotdifficulttogetalong.Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend！Thekidsareveryfriendlywithherandevenlookuptoherasifshe____________(be)theirownmother.Jackwasn'tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhe______________(do)somethingveryclever.Heopenedhismouthasif_____________(say)somethingimportant.Uponapproachingthehouse,Inoticedmydadandmomstandingbesidetheoldtruck,lookingsad.Itseemedasifsomethingunpleasant______________(happen).基础练透1．The65­year­oldSteveGoodwinwasfound_________________(suffer)fromearlyAlzheimer'sdisease.2．It____________(strike)methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatmomentforallthegirlsontheteam.3．Thismachineisveryeasy_________________(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.4．Groupexerciseisoneofthemost_______________(effect)waystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustainahealthylifestyle.5．Withsomanyminers__________(bury)underthemine,noneoftherescueworkerswouldstoptohavearest.6．Takeiteasy.John,it'snotamatteroflifeand______________(die).7．Allthevegetables_____________________(supply)bylocalgrowers,sotheyareveryfresh.8．Theoldmanwentthroughalotof_______________intheolddays.What'sworse,he_______________fromaheartattackwhenhewasinhiseighties.(suffer)9．Luckily,I_______________theterriblecarcrashlastweekandIwastheonly_______________oftheaccident.(survive)10．Anunhappychildhoodmayhavesomenegative_______________onaperson'scharacter;however,theyarenotalways_______________.(effect)11．Yesterday,Iclimbedthemountaintop___________________thefreshair.AlthoughIbecame_________________whenIwasonthetop,thebreathoffreshairwasworthit.(breath)12．Theearthquakediddamagetotheareawheremanyhousesfelldownandmanypeopleweretrapped_______ruins.13．Honestlyspeaking,it's_____________mypowertohelpyousolvesuchadifficultproblem.14．Wecleanthehousetosweep___________badluckbeforetheSpringFestival.15．Thedoctoradvisedthemantogive________smokingimmediately.16．Excessivedrinkingwilldodamage______ourhealth.17．Hetalkedofotherculturesas____________theyweremorefamiliartohimthanhisown.18．Oneofthestationstaffsawhewasindifficultyandcametohis__________(援助).19．Survivorswaitedforthe_____________(救援)boats,dazedandfrightened.自然灾害与防范,安全常识与自我保护(自然灾害)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________速译1．(行为描写)PoorGeorgestillscratchedeveryinchofhisheadforsomesparkofinspiration.2．(心理描写)AsIheadedtoaplaceIdidn'twanttocallhome,minutesfeltlikehoursandthehoursfeltlikedays.3．(景物描写)Thebaywasbathedinsunshine,andtherewasagroupofkayakersaround150mofftheshore.4．Inspiteofthis,thegovernmentcalledonthewholenationtosupporttheareahitbytheworstdisaster.5．Besides,thecitygovernmenttookallkindsofurgentmeasurestorescuethepeopletrappedinthesnowstormtoensurethateverythingwouldreturntonormalassoonaspossible.语法填空Onenight,manypeopleweresleepingwhenoneofthe1.______________(great)earthquakesofthe20thcenturystruckthecity.Withthepipesburstingandthewatersupplycutoff,nearlyeverything2.__________________(destroy)andagreatnumberofbuildingslay3._____ruins.Somecitizenswerebadlyinjured;others4.__________________(bury)intheruins.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledor5.______________(serious)injuredreachedmorethan400,000.Manypeoplewhosurvivedtheearthquakeweresuffering6.___________hungerandcold.Itseemedasifthewholeworld7._________(be)atanend.Thewholenationwasshockedbythedamage.Butfortunately,aftertheearthquake,thewholecountrydideverythingintheirpower8._________________(help)thelocalsoutofthedisaster.Withthegovernment'said,those9._____________(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedintothenewsettlements.Isincerelyhopethecitywillreturn10._______normalassoonaspossible.[2022石家庄检测]Whenitestoeatinghabits,Chinaisacountrywemustmention.UnlikeintheWest,1.___________everyonehastheirownplateoffood,inChinathedishes2.___________________(place)onthetableandeverybodyshares.Ifyou'rebeingtreatedbyaChinesehost,bepreparedforatonoffood.Duringeating,thehostservesfoodwithpublicchopstickstoguests3.________________(show)hisorherpoliteness.Theappropriatethingtodoistoeatthefoodandsayhowdeliciousitis.Ifyoudon'tlikeit,youcanjustsayapolite“thankyou”,withthefood4.___________(leave)there.Butdon'tstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Ifso,it'sveryimpolite5._______thehostandseniorswhoarepresentatthetable.Atdinner,ifhalfofthefishiseatenup,aguestshouldn'tturnthefishoverbysaying“fan”,whichis6.______Chinesewordfor“turnover”,whichisconsideredbadluckfor7._______________(fisherman)andtheirboats.The8.________________(separate)ofthefishbonefromthelowerhalfofthefleshisusuallydonebythehostorhostess.ThisisespeciallytrueinsouthernChina.Thesetipsabovewillbe9._______________(extreme)usefulwhenyouvisitChina,an10.____________(east)countrywithalonghistory.课后练习[2022百校联盟质检]Humanactivitiesaredamagingourmarineenvironment,andoceanpollutionthreatenshumanhealth,anewresearchhasuncovered.TheresearchwasconductedbyaninternationalresearchteamthatpublishedtheirresultsinthejournalAnnalsofGlobalHealth.Theywroteaboutthewidespreaddamagetotheoceansbytheactionsofhumans,whichinturnalsocausedamagetohumanhealth.Theresearchersalsomadeseveralremendationsregardingsolutionstolessenthesedamages.Thestudydetailedthelatestscientificfindingsofthecriticalrolethattheoceansplayinourhealthandthehealthofourplanet.Italsoexaminedthekeyfactorsdamagingoceanhealth.Withtheincreaseintemperaturesworldwide,themeltingofseaicealsoincreases.Itcausesanincreaseinharmfulbacteriaandalgae(藻类)intowatersthatwereunpollutedinthepast.Coastalpopulationsarethreatenedbytheriseinsealevelandtheincreasingfrequencyandviolenceofcoastalstorms.Theincreaseofcarbondioxidelevelsintheatmosphereincreasesoceanacidity(酸度),whichdestroyssensitivefoodchainsintheocean.Climatechangealsoworsensoceanpollution.Accordingtothestudy'sauthorPhilipLandrigan,whoisalsoaprofessorandBostonCollegeGlobalObservatoryonPollution&Healthdirector,thepollutionintheoceanisamajorproblem.Itisgettingworseandisdirectlyaffectinghumanhealth.Landriganalsoaddsthattheocean'splasticpollutionisnottheentiretyoftheproblem.AccordingtoLandrigan,thetoxicpollutantsthataredumpedintoouroceansarefindingtheirwayintopeople'sbodies.Thepathwayismainlythroughtheconsumptionofpollutedseafood.Themostseverelyaffectedsectorsincludethosefishingmunitiesandsmallislandcountries.Theirlivesaredependentonthehealthoftheocean.Theresearchteamsuggestsseveralmeasurestoturnthesituationaroundandsaveouroceansandourhealth,hopingthathumanactivitieschangeforthebettersothatoceanpollutionisstoppedandhumanhealthisimproved.1．Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirnewstudy?A．Oceansarebeingmoreandmorepolluted. B．Oceansgetbackonhumansfortheiractivities.C．Oceansarefacedwiththeincreasingtemperature. D．Oceansarebeingthreatenedbybacteriaandalgae.2．Whatwouldhappenwiththeriseofacidityinwaters?A．Coastalstormswilloccurregularlyandviolently. B．Theharmfulbacteriaandalgaewillgrowfaster.C．Theoceanfoodchainswillbepoorlydamaged. D．Climatechangeovertheoceanswillbeworse.3．WhatcanwelearnaccordingtoLandrigan?A．Theplasticpollutionisatoughproblem. B．Toxicpollutantswillbedeadlytothefish.C．Theoceanpollutionputspeopleatrisk. D．Plasticsmostseriouslypollutetheoceans.4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellinthepassage?A．Howoceanpollutiondamageshumanhealth. B．Whathascausedtheoceans'severepollution.C．Howhumanscanfindpracticalsolutions. D．Whatsituationtheoceansareexposedto.[2022济南质检]Astheeffectsofclimatechangebeemoredisastrous,well­knownresearchinstitutionsandgovernmentagenciesarefocusingnewmoneyandattentiononanidea：artificiallycoolingtheplanet,inthehopesofbuyinghumanitymoretimetocutgreenhousegasemissions.Thatstrategy,calledsolarclimateintervention(干预)orsolargeoengineering,involvesreflectingmoreofthesun'senergybackintospace—abruptlyreducingglobaltemperaturesinawaythatimitatestheeffectsofashcloudsflowingoutfromthevolcaniceruptions.Theideahasbeenconsideredasadangerousandfanciedsolution,onethatwouldencouragepeopletokeepburningfossilfuelswhileexposingtheplanettounexpectedandpotentiallythreateningsideeffects,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfires,floodsandotherdisasters.Butasglobalwarmingcontinues,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfires,floodsandotherdisasters,someresearchersandpolicyexpertssaythatconcernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedbytheimperativetobetterunderstandit,incasetheconsequencesofclimatechangebeesoterriblethattheworldcan'twaitforbettersolutions.Onewaytocooltheearthisbyinjectingaerosols(气溶胶)intotheupperlayeroftheatmosphere,wherethoseparticlesreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth.Thatprocessworks,accordingtoDouglasMacMartin,aresearcheratCornellUniversity.“Weknowwith100%certaintythatwecancooltheplanet,”hesaidinaninterview.What'sstillunclear,headded,iswhathappensnext.Temperature,MacMartinsaid,isanindicatorforalotofclimateeffects.“Whatdoesitdotothestrengthofhurricanes？”heasked.“Whatdoesitdotoagricultureproduction?Whatdoesitdototheriskofforestfires？”AnotherinstitutionfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundationwillanalyzehundredsofsimulationsofaerosolinjection,testingtheeffectsonweatherextremesaroundtheworld.Onegoaloftheresearchistolookforasweetspot：theamountofartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpatternsorsimilarimpacts.5．Whydoresearchersandgovernmentagenciesworkoncoolingtheearth?A．Topreventnaturaldisasters. B．Towinmoretimetoreducegasemissions.C．Toimitatevolcaniceruptions. D．Toencouragemorepeopletoburnfossilfuels.6．Whatareresearchersworriedaboutintermsofglobalwarming?A．Morevolcanoeswillthrowout.B．Moresolarenergywillgointospace.C．Moredisasterswillendangerthefutureoftheworld.D．Peoplewillkeepburningfossilfuelstokeepwarm.7．WhatcanbeinferredfromDouglas'wordsinaninterview?A．Hethinksmoreresearchremainstobedone.B．Heisoptimisticabouttheeffectofcoolingtheearth.C．Heisconcernedaboutthereductioninagricultureproduction.D．Hedisapprovesofthepracticeofsolarclimateintervention.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“sweetspot”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Therainfallpatternofaregion. B．Themodestdropintemperature.C．Thenumberofextremeweatherevents. D．Theinjectionamountofaerosol.

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