学案1：同步写作-概要写作 新人教版高中英语必修第一册

新人教版高中英语必修第一册PAGEPAGE1Unit4NaturalDisasters同步写作——概要写作写概要写作时要先读懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者观点，抓关键词，筛选与主旨有关的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的语言知识，对原语篇进行“浓缩”，写出一个新的语篇。而新的语篇，既要做到在语篇结构、语篇衔接和连贯各要素上与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。(一)写作步骤考生可以从以下五个步骤来进行概要写作：1．通读全文，判断体裁一篇概要写作是否正确、有条理，能否把握文章的体裁，都是建立在理解原文的基础上的。因此，通读全文，可以为考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨和结构、行文逻辑、判断文章的体裁奠定基础。2．查找信息，分清主次概要写作，要求考生具有从文章中抽取主干和找到关键信息的能力。在第二遍细读时，要弄清主要信息和次要信息，把次要信息剔除，以免影响概要写作的简洁性；同时，要养成在重点词句下做出标记的习惯。3．概括大意，提炼内容考生在理解全文内容，弄清主次关系之后，可以初步写出每段的段落大意，注意要忠于原文，避免出现遗漏要点或增添要点的情况。4．获取要点，灵活表达为了使所写概要简明、扼要，就要对罗列的每段大意进行整合、合并；同时为了避免使用原文的句子，就需要考生灵活采用同义词或近义词进行替换，用不同的句式进行转换，并在必要的地方使用连接词，使表达连贯通顺。5．检查修改，整理誊写写完初稿后，需要在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查：看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅；另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。(二)改写句子基本方法1．同义替换法Tomthoughtofanidea.→AnideaoccurredtoTom.2．正话反说法Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.→Idon'tthinkwealthismoreimportantthanhealth.3．词性转换法Yoursuggestionsaresupervaluable.→Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvalue.4．利用介词短语法Wearesuretofinishitintimebecausesomanypeoplearehelpingus.→Withsomanypeoplehelpingus，wearesuretofinishitintime.5．句式变化法(1)语态变换Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.→Computersarewidelyusedintheworldtoday.(2)简单句变复合句Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.→Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.(3)连词衔接法Heinsistedonstaying.Hewasnotwillingtogo.→Heinsistedonstayingratherthangoing.(4)词序改变法ProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.→PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.(5)利用特殊句式法Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating，too.→Jimwantstogoboating，andsodohisparents.顺接、递进：firstly/secondly/thirdly，besides，inaddition，what'smore，what'sworse，what'smoreimportant，moreover，also，finally，lastbutnotleast转折：but，however，nevertheless，yet，instead，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，although，while原因：because，becauseof，since，as，for，nowthat，thanksto，dueto结果：so，therefore，asaresult，sothat，then，so...that，such...that总结：tosumup，toconclude，inconclusion，insummary，inaword，ingeneral，inshort，aboveall，afterall，generallyspeaking1．记叙文点明写作目的类：Thewritertellsus...(主题)byshowingusanexampleof...，who/which...(故事情节)作者经历类：Inthepassage，thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth.，which...他人经历类：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb.'sexperienceofdoingsth2．议论文Thearticlegivestheviewthat...should/shouldn't...(主题)...(补充论据)ThepassagehighlightstheimportanceofsthTheauthorarguesthat...3．说明文现象解释类：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon...(主题)，which...(补充解释)利弊对比类：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAand B．Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside...，butitmayalso...研究显示类：Thestudyrevealsthat...Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat...阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Manyyearsago，whenIwasfreshoutofschool，Iwasdrivingtomyparents'homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCity.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款台)，Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.Itookoff，buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.Itwasthecouple.Theysaidtheywouldtakeme.WechattedandwhenIgotoutofthecar，thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotethemathank­younote.Soonafterward，IreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.Yearslater，Idrovetoameetinginthemorning.InlateafternoonIfoundthatI'dleftthelightsonallday，andthebatterywasdead.ThenInoticedthattheFriendlyForddealershipwasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom.“JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord？”Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywouldacceptnopayment，solater，Iwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadeverwrittenhimandsaythankyou，anditmeantalot，hesaid.“Thankyou”—twopowerfulwords.They'reeasytosayandmeansomuch.StepOne审题谋篇体裁记叙文话题得到帮助后表示感谢时态一般过去时人称第二、三人称StepTwo词汇运用1．描述 ____________2．经历 ____________3．写感谢信 ____________4．帮助他 ____________5．认识到 ____________Stepthree句式表达1．完成句子①在这篇文章中，作者给我们描述了收到陌生人帮助的两次经历。Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiences________________________.②在这两次经历中，作者向陌生人写了感谢信。Duringthetwoexperiences，theauthor____________________thestrangers.③当他的车出故障的时候他们帮助了他。They_____________________whentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.2．句式升级④把第①句中的ofbeinghelpedbythestrangers改成定语从句。Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiences_______________________.⑤把②、③句用定语从句合为一句话。Duringthetwoexperiences，theauthorwrotethank­younotestothestrangers________________________whentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.StepFour连句成篇(注意使用through，and等关联词)_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

▁▃▅▇█参*考*答*案█▇▅▃▁StepTwo词汇运用1.describe2.experience3.writethank­younotes4.givehimahand5.realizeStepthree句式表达1．完成句子①ofbeinghelpedbythestrangers②wrotethank­younotesto③hadgivenhimahand2．句式升级④thathewashelpedbythestrangers⑤whohadgivenhimahandStepFour连句成篇Onepossibleversion：Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiencesthathewashelpedbythestrangers.Andduringthetwoexperiences，theauthorwrotethank­younotestothestrangerswhohadgivenhimahandwhentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.Throughthetwoexperiences，herealizedthatsaying“thankyou”waseasyandmeantsomuch.Unit4NaturalDisasters同步写作——概要写作写概要写作时要先读懂原文，把握文章主旨大意和作者观点，抓关键词，筛选与主旨有关的主要信息。然后，借助已掌握的语言知识，对原语篇进行“浓缩”，写出一个新的语篇。而新的语篇，既要做到在语篇结构、语篇衔接和连贯各要素上与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。(一)写作步骤考生可以从以下五个步骤来进行概要写作：1．通读全文，判断体裁一篇概要写作是否正确、有条理，能否把握文章的体裁，都是建立在理解原文的基础上的。因此，通读全文，可以为考生从宏观上把握文章的主旨和结构、行文逻辑、判断文章的体裁奠定基础。2．查找信息，分清主次概要写作，要求考生具有从文章中抽取主干和找到关键信息的能力。在第二遍细读时，要弄清主要信息和次要信息，把次要信息剔除，以免影响概要写作的简洁性；同时，要养成在重点词句下做出标记的习惯。3．概括大意，提炼内容考生在理解全文内容，弄清主次关系之后，可以初步写出每段的段落大意，注意要忠于原文，避免出现遗漏要点或增添要点的情况。4．获取要点，灵活表达为了使所写概要简明、扼要，就要对罗列的每段大意进行整合、合并；同时为了避免使用原文的句子，就需要考生灵活采用同义词或近义词进行替换，用不同的句式进行转换，并在必要的地方使用连接词，使表达连贯通顺。5．检查修改，整理誊写写完初稿后，需要在内容上、语言上以及上下文的连贯性上进行检查：看是否包括了原文的所有要点，语言词汇的运用是否准确和地道，以及行文是否流畅；另外，还要注意词数限制和书写规范。(二)改写句子基本方法1．同义替换法Tomthoughtofanidea.→AnideaoccurredtoTom.2．正话反说法Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.→Idon'tthinkwealthismoreimportantthanhealth.3．词性转换法Yoursuggestionsaresupervaluable.→Yoursuggestionsareofgreatvalue.4．利用介词短语法Wearesuretofinishitintimebecausesomanypeoplearehelpingus.→Withsomanypeoplehelpingus，wearesuretofinishitintime.5．句式变化法(1)语态变换Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.→Computersarewidelyusedintheworldtoday.(2)简单句变复合句Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood.Thiswasmorethanwecouldexpect.→Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.(3)连词衔接法Heinsistedonstaying.Hewasnotwillingtogo.→Heinsistedonstayingratherthangoing.(4)词序改变法ProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguestswerepresentatthemeeting.→PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhite，ProfessorSmithandmanyotherguests.(5)利用特殊句式法Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating，too.→Jimwantstogoboating，andsodohisparents.顺接、递进：firstly/secondly/thirdly，besides，inaddition，what'smore，what'sworse，what'smoreimportant，moreover，also，finally，lastbutnotleast转折：but，however，nevertheless，yet，instead，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary，although，while原因：because，becauseof，since，as，for，nowthat，thanksto，dueto结果：so，therefore，asaresult，sothat，then，so...that，such...that总结：tosumup，toconclude，inconclusion，insummary，inaword，ingeneral，inshort，aboveall，afterall，generallyspeaking1．记叙文点明写作目的类：Thewritertellsus...(主题)byshowingusanexampleof...，who/which...(故事情节)作者经历类：Inthepassage，thewritermainlytellsushisexperienceofdoingsth.，which...他人经历类：Thispassageismainlyaboutsb.'sexperienceofdoingsth2．议论文Thearticlegivestheviewthat...should/shouldn't...(主题)...(补充论据)ThepassagehighlightstheimportanceofsthTheauthorarguesthat...3．说明文现象解释类：Thisarticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon...(主题)，which...(补充解释)利弊对比类：Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAand B．Thepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Onthepositiveside...，butitmayalso...研究显示类：Thestudyrevealsthat...Thepurposeofthereportistoshowthat...阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Manyyearsago，whenIwasfreshoutofschool，Iwasdrivingtomyparents'homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCity.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister(收款台)，Isaidhellotoanoldercouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.Itookoff，buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.Itwasthecouple.Theysaidtheywouldtakeme.WechattedandwhenIgotoutofthecar，thehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotethemathank­younote.Soonafterward，IreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.Yearslater，Idrovetoameetinginthemorning.InlateafternoonIfoundthatI'dleftthelightsonallday，andthebatterywasdead.ThenInoticedthattheFriendlyForddealershipwasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom.“JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord？”Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywouldacceptnopayment，solater，Iwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadeverwrittenhimandsaythankyou，anditmeantalot，hesaid.“Thankyou”—twopowerfulwords.They'reeasytosayandmeansomuch.StepOne审题谋篇体裁记叙文话题得到帮助后表示感谢时态一般过去时人称第二、三人称StepTwo词汇运用1．描述 ____________2．经历 ____________3．写感谢信 ____________4．帮助他 ____________5．认识到 ____________Stepthree句式表达1．完成句子①在这篇文章中，作者给我们描述了收到陌生人帮助的两次经历。Inthispassage，theauthordescribedhistwoexperiences________________________.②在这两次经历中，作者向陌生人写了感谢信。Duringthetwoexperiences，theauthor____________________thestrangers.③当他的车出故障的时候他们帮助了他。They_____________________whentherewassomethingwrongwithhiscar.2