Emily-Dickinson艾米丽-迪金森

EmilyDickinson

1830-1886Groupmember:

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李杰201013001189Class:4(Education)EmilyDickinson1830-1886AReclusivePoetofthe19thCenturyPublishedonly10poemsbeforeherdeath.livinganunknownlife.After70yearsofherdeath,shebeguntoreceiveseriousattentionoftheliterary.Beingconsideredapioneerinmodernpoetposthumously.AlongwithWhitman,

DickinsonisoneofthetwogiantsofAmericanpoetryofthe19thcentury.LifestoryBornintoaCalvinistfamilyDecember10,1830inAmherst,MA.EducatedatAmherstAcademyfor7years.At17,begancollegeatMountHolyokeFemaleSeminary;shebecameillthespringofherfirstyearanddidnotreturn.Shewouldleavehomeonlyforshorttripsfortheremainderofherlife,leadingscholarstospeculateshemayhavebeenagoraphobic(旷野恐惧症).DickinsondiedMay15,1886ofnephritis(kidneydisease).LifestoryUntil1855,DickinsonhadnotstrayedfarfromAmherst.Thatspring,accompaniedbyhermotherandsister,shetookoneofherlongestandfarthesttripsawayfromhome.First,theyspentthreeweeksinWashington,whereherfatherwasrepresentingMassachusettsinCongress.ThentheywenttoPhiladelphiafortwoweekstovisitfamily.LifestoryBetween1858and1862,itwaslaterdiscovered,shewrotelikeapersonpossessed,oftenproducingapoemaday.ItwasalsoduringthisperiodthatherlifewastransformedintothemythofAmherst.Withdrawingmoreandmore,keepingtoherroom,sometimesevenrefusingtoseevisitorswhocalled,shebegantodressonlyinwhite—ahabitthataddedtoherreputationasaneccentric.LifestoryDickinson'spoetrywritingbeganintheearly1850s.Altogethershewrote1,775poems,ofwhichonlysevenhadappearedduringherlifetime.Mostofherpoemswerepublishedafterherdeath.Herfamekeptrising.SheisnowrecognizednotonlyasagreatpoetessonherownrightbutasapoetessofconsiderableinfluenceuponAmericanpoetryofthe20thcentury.Analysisofher

A.StronginfluenceofPuritanismonherthought(pessimismandtragictoneofherpoems)B.Careaboutdeathandimmortality(1/3ofallherpoemstalkedaboutthesetwothemes.)C.Exploringhuman’sinnerworld(psychologydescriptioninherpoems)D.SevereeconomyofexpressionE.OriginalimagesF.DirectandplainlanguageG.GreatinfluenceontheImagistMovementinthe20thcenturyPoeticStyleA:

Herpoemshavenotitles,hencethefirstlineofeachpoemisalwaysquotedasthetitleofeachpoem.B:particularstresspattern:dash“—”C:Capitallettersasameansofemphasis;D:Language:brief,direct,andplain;E:Poem:short,alwaysonoriginalimagesorsymbolsF:Conventionalmeters,iambictetrameter,off-rhymes.G:Shortpoeticlines,condensedbyusingintensemetaphorsandbyextensiveuseofellipsis.PoeticStyleH:Regularmeter—hymnmeterandballadmeter,alsoknownasCommonmeterQuatrainsAlternatingtetrameterandtrimeterOften1stand3rdlinesrhyme,2ndand4thlinesrhymeiniambicpentameterVisualandaudibleeffects,greatimagination,sincereemotions.I:Herpoemstendtobepersonalandmeditative(e.g.“BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath”).viewpointsReligiousviews:doubtsabouttheexistenceofGodandtherealizationofafter-life.Ideasonlove:unhappiness,passionIdeasonnature:

simpleandharmoniousIdeasondeath:immortalityOnPoetryShethoughtthatpoetryshouldbepowerfulandtouching.Theinspirationofthepoetcamefromhisinnerworldorintensityofhisemotionsandthepastliterarytraditionsandthenobleheroes.LikeEmerson,shethoughtthatonlytherealpoetcouldunderstandtheworld.Truth,virtueandbeautyarealltheonething.Themostdignifiedbeautywasembodiedbytheactive,affirmativedignity.Poetryshouldexpressideasthroughconcreteimages.Itwasthepoet’sdutytoexpressabstractideasthroughvividandfreshimagery.Shewasagainsttherestrictionofthetraditionaldoctrinesandarguedforthedepictionofone’sinnerworld.OnnatureDickinsonobservednaturecloselyanddescribeditvividlybutneverwiththefeelingofbeinglostinit,oraltogetherpartofit,norwasshesurprisedwhenitscreaturesalsokepttheirdistance.Shethoughtthatnaturewasbothkindandcruel,whichwassimilartoTennyson.OnDeathShewroteaboutnearly600poemsondeath.Herattitudetowardimmortalitywascontradictory.ItisclearalwaysthatforDickinsonlifeandconsciousnessareinseparable.Tobetransmutedintograssortranscendentallymadeonewiththeoceanortheover-soulareasirrelevantandmeaninglesstothisindividualistastheideawouldhavebeentoherpuritanancestorsOnReligionShewroteaboutherdoubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects.Whileshedesiredsalvationandimmortality,shedeniedtheorthodox(正统的)viewofparadise.AlthoughshebelievedinGod,shesometimesdoubtedHisbenevolence.WeirdRecluse?Shewouldsometimessendherpoemstopeopleasgiftsforvalentinesorbirthdays,alongwithapieorcookies.Sheoftenloweredsnacksandtreatsinbasketstoneighborhoodchildrenfromherwindow,carefulnevertoletthemseeherface.Dickinsonwantedtolivesimplyasacompleteindependentbeing,andasaspinster.SelectedPoems:

ThisIsMyLetterToTheWorldI’mNobodyIheardaFlyBuzz—WhenIDiedMyLifeClosedTwiceBeforeItsCloseAsImperceptiblyasGriefMine—bytheRightoftheWhiteElectionWildNights—WildNightsANarrowFellowintheGrassApparentlywithNoSurpriseIDiedforBeauty—butWasScarceTellAlltheTruthbutTellItSlantI’mNobody!I'mNobody!Whoareyou?Areyou-Nobody-too?Thenthere'sapairofus!Don'ttell!they'dbanishus-youknow!我是无名之辈，你是谁？你,也是,无名之辈？这就有了我们一对！可是别声张！你知道，他们会大肆张扬！Howdreary-tobe-Somebody!Howpublic-likeaFrog-Totellyourname-thelivelongJuneToanadmiringBog!做个，显要人物，好不无聊！像个青蛙，向仰慕的泥沼——在整个六月，把个人的姓名聒噪——何等招摇！

（江枫译）ThisIsMyLetterToTheWorld

这是我给世界的信

ThisismylettertotheWorldThatneverwrotetoMe—ThesimpleNews