专题44 疾病(高考模拟+名校真题)

备战2022高考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(高考模拟+名校真题)专题44疾病Passage1（2022·广东汕头·一模）WhenZhuCaiping,73,wasdiagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthreeyearsago,shefoundthatanxiety,depressionandevenlookingdownonherselfbecamenormalinherlife.Itwasnotuntillastyear,aftersheparticipatedinarealityshowandbecamearestaurantserver,thathersituationbegantoimprovedramatically.TherestaurantinShanghaiwheresheworksistheForgetMeNotCafe.ItsharesthegoalofprovidingjobopportunitiesforelderlypeoplewhohaveAlzheimer’sdiseaseorothercognitiveimpairments.“Iprovidebasicservicesforguests,suchaspouringwater,servingandtakingorders.Icannowrememberallthedishesonthemenu,”saidZhu,whohascometotherestaurantthreetimesaweeksinceFebruaryandworksthreehoursaday.“Thecolleaguestakegoodcareofus.Theneverallowustodeliverhotdishessuchassoups.Theguestsarealsoverytolerantofus,becausesometimeswemakemistakes.”Becauseofmemoryloss,Zhuwritesdownalltheinformationshewantstorememberonstickynotes,suchasthenamesofthevolunteersandteacheraswellasEnglishwords.“Peoplewithcognitiveimpairmentactuallyrefuseandfeartocommunicatewithsocietybutthiswillworsentheircondition.”Sheadded,“Withthedeterioration(退化)ofbrainfunction,theymaygraduallylosememoryandtheabilitytotakecareofthemselvesandmightevenseethelossofemotions.”Inadditiontothejobopportunitiesfortheelderly,informationaboutcognitiveimpairmentandAlzheimer’sdiseaseispostedonaboardoutsidetherestauranttohelppeoplerecognizesymptomsandseektreatmentassoonaspossible.AsChinafacesanagingpopulation,theincreasingnumberofseniorswithcognitiveimpairmenthasbecomeasignificantsocialissue.“Weshouldfeelluckythatthewholeofsocietyisconcernedabouttheseniors,especiallyforpeoplelikeus.Theneighborhoodcommitteealwayschecksonoursituationandwatchesforotherelderlypeoplewithsymptoms.”Zhusaid.1．WhatcanweknowaboutZhuCaiping?A．Shealwaysmademistakesatwork.B．Shemadeeffortstobeequaltothejob.C．Shewasafull-timerestaurantserverinaShanghaicafé.D．Shewasoneofthosesufferingfromseverecognitiveimpairment.2．Howmightpeoplewithcognitiveimpairmentfeel?A．Forgetfulandupset. B．Anxiousbutlucky.C．Tolerantandcareful. D．Indifferentbutenergetic.3．Whyisinformationaboutcognitiveimpairmentpostedoutsidetherestaurant?A．Toprovidetreatmentforthesick. B．Toseekapprovalfromthecitizens.C．Tooffertheelderlyjobopportunities. D．Toequippeoplewithrelevantknowledge.4．Inwhichsectionofanewspaperthepassagemostlikelybefound?A．Health. B．Society.C．Culture. D．Business.Passage2（2022·广东梅州·一模）AresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenespotentiallyinvolvedinAlzheimer’sdisease.Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.Theteam’snewfindingsarepublishedonFebruary25thinPLOSGenetics.Alzheimer’sdiseaseisatypeofbraindisorderthatcausesproblemswithmemory,thinkingandbehavior.Thisisagraduallyprogressivecondition.Thehippocampus,partofthebraininvolvedinmemory,isoneofthefirstregionstosustaindamage.Tobetterunderstandwhichgenescontributetotheprogressionofthisheritabledisease,theresearchersidentifiedgenesexpressedathigherorlowerlevelsinthehippocampusofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseasecomparedtohealthybrains.Theyidentified24Alzheimer’s-relatedgenesthatappeartohaveaneffectthroughthehippocampus,usingpreviousgenomicandhippocampusgeneexpressiondata.Manygeneswerealreadyknowntocontributetothedisease,suchasAPOE,buttwowereunknown,PTPN9andPCDHA4.Additionally,severalareinvolvedinbiologicalprocessrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease,suchascelldeath.Theresearchteamfurthervalidatedtheirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals’brains.InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.Overall,thenewfindingsimproveourunderstandingofthegeneticandcellularmechanismsthatcauseAlzheimer’sdisease.Thenextstepwillbetoinvestigatetherolesofthetwonovelgenesandhowtheycontributetothisharmfuldisease.5．HowdidtheresearchteamfindthetwogenesrelatedtoAlzheimer’sdisease?A．Byclosingthehippocampusofpeople.B．Byexploringtheswitchstateofthegenes.C．Byturningonandoffthegenesofthepatient.D．Bydiscoveringgenesinthehippocampusofpeople.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”meaninParagraph3?A．Reported. B．Conducted. C．Confirmed. D．Exposed.7．WhatcanweinferaboutthesizeofthehippocampusinAlzheimer’sdisease.A．Itcomesinasmallersize. B．Thereisnowaytomeasureitssize.C．Itresultsindamageandlossofneurons. D．IthelpstoidentifyAlzheimer’sdisease.8．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．ItisvitaltocontinuethestudyofAlzheimer’sdisease.B．ThecauseofAlzheimer’sdiseasehasbeenfound.C．TheAlzheimer’sdiseasewillbecuredsoonbytheresearchteam.D．TwonovelgeneslikelylinkedtoAlzheimer’sdiseasehavebeendiscovered.Passage3（2022·湖南省祁阳县第一中学二模）Artificialintelligence(AI)mightbeabletospotthenextvirustojumpfromanimalstohumans,Scottishresearchersreport.Identifyingdiseasesbeforetheybecomeathreattohumansischallenging,becauseonlyafewofthenearly2millionanimalvirusescaninfecthumans.Bydevelopingmachinelearningmodels,researcherscananalyzegeneticpatternsofvirusesthatmightinfectpeople.“Ourfindingsshowthatthezoonotic(动物传染人的)potentialofvirusescanbeinferredtoasurprisinglylargeextentfromtheirgenomesequence(基因组序列).”theresearchersattheUniversityofGlasgowreported.“Byhighlightingviruseswiththegreatestpotentialtobecomezoonotic,genome-basedrankingallowsfurtherecologicalandvirologicalcharacterizationtobetargetedmoreeffectively.”Theresearcherssaidthemodelsareonlyafirststepinidentifyinganimalviruseswiththepotentialtoinfecthumans,however.Virusesflaggedbythemodelswillneedlaboratorytestconfirmationbeforeresearcherspursuefundingforfurtherstudy.Althoughthesemodelsmaypredictifvirusesmightinfecthumans,that’sonlyonepartofthebroaderrisk.Zoonoticriskisalsoinfluencedbyhowdestructiveavirusisinhumans,aswellasitsabilitytotransmitbetweenpeople,andecologicalconditionsatthetimeofhumanexposure.ThefindingswerepublishedonlineinthejournalPLoSBiology.Co-authorSimonBabayansaid

thesefindings

addimportantinformationtothatcollectedfromgeneticsequencingofvirusesusingAItechniques.“Themorevirusesarecharacterized,themoreeffectiveourmachinelearningmodelswillbecomeatidentifyingtherarevirusesthatoughttobecloselymonitoredandprioritizedforvaccinedevelopment.”Babayanadded.9．Whatisthesignificanceofgenome-basedranking?A．Toidentifyviruseswhichhavethreatenedhumans.B．Todiscoverhumanvirusesthatcaninfectanimals.C．Tohighlightviruseswiththeslightestchancestobecomezoonotic.D．Totargetecologicalandvirologicalcharacterizationmoreeffectively.10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A．Thefundforfurtherstudyhasbeenputinplace.B．ThereisstillalongwaytogoforAImodelstofunctionideally.C．Virusesflaggedbythemodelshavebeenconfirmedbyresearchers.D．Viruses’transmissionabilityisthemostinfluentialfactorforzoonoticrisk.11．WhatisSimonBybayan’sattitudetowardsthefindings?A．Positive. B．Ambiguous. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．AIModelsSpotVariousVirusesinNature.B．AIModelsMonitorVaccineDevelopment.C．AIModelsPredictPotentialZoonoticViruses.D．AIModelsCurePotentialZoonoticDiseases.Passage4（2022·安徽淮南·一模）It’sincreasinglybecomingclearthatdepressionandinsomnia(失眠)areoftenlinkedasinterrelateddisorders,andthattheyareoftenrelatedinavarietyofways.Infact,somescientistshavegonesofarastosuggestthatmedicalpractitionersshouldbewaryofdiagnosingdepressionwithoutevidenceofsleepcomplaintsbytheindividual.AccordingtoastudyfromHarvardHealth,asmanyas75%ofindividualswithdepressionsufferedfrominsomniawhile69%ofpeoplewithinsomniaalsostruggledwithdepressionlateron,suggestingthatthetwodisordersoftengohandinhand.Issueswithsleepduetodepressioncanhappeninvariousways,includingchangestosleepregulationprocessesorsideeffectsofprescriptionmedicine.This,inturn,mayworsensymptomsofdepression,butexpertsnotethatdepressivedisorderswithoutinsomniaorothersleepdisordersareincreasinglyrare.Bothdepressionandinsomniaarecommondisordersthatcausepeoplesomedisturbanceworldwide.Whendealingwitheitheroftheseissues,thepersoncanhavedifficultymaintainingagoodqualityoflife.Scientistsestimatethat40%ofAmericanswillstrugglewithinsomniaatonepointintheirlife,whileanestimated17.3millionU.S.adultswilldealwiththesymptomsofamajordepressionepisodeatleastonceperyear.Butthegoodnewsisthattreatingoneconditionmayimprovesymptomsofboth.“Youdon’tneedtorushofftoseeaspecialist;butthereareotherthingswecandototakecareofourselves.”saysDr.Chisholm.“Physicalexerciseisveryimportantforgoodsleepandprotectiveagainstdepression,asarehealthyeatinghabitsandstayingoffalcohol.Makesureyoustayactiveandgobacktothethingsthatinterestyouandgiveyoupleasure.Openinguptoatrustedfriendaboutyourstruggleswithinsomniaoradepressedmoodmayalsohelp.Andsleepingpillsshouldbetakenonlyforashorttime,ifatall,becauseyoumaydevelopadependence.Plus,themedicinewon’taddressunderlyingcausesofyourinsomnia.”13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wary”inparagraphIprobablymean?A．Cautious. B．Confident. C．Aware. D．skeptical.14．What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthesecondparagraph?A．Tosupportapoint. B．Toanalyseastudy. C．Toreleasestatistics. D．Toreportdetails.15．WhatisexpectedofthosewithinsomniaordepressionaccordingtoDr.Chisholm?A．Avoidingseeingaspecialist. B．Reachingouttoatruefriend.C．Stickingtodietingandexercising. D．Returningtooldwaysofrelaxation.16．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．MostAmericanssufferfromcitherinsomniaordepression.B．Sleepingpillsaren’tadvisedtobeprescribed.C．Depressionrarelydisturbssleepregulationprocesses.D．Long-termuseofsleepingpillsmayresultinaddiction.Passage5（2022·重庆·西南大学附中一模）Atsomepointinourlives,weallsnore.Acoldorallergycanblocknasalpassages,afewdrinkstooclosetobedwillautomaticallyrelaxtongue,palateandthroatmuscles—andthereforeweknowthatwe’reunconsciouslyforcingairpastthosesofttissues,causingvibrationsthatescapeasasnore.“Snoringcanbenormalandnotsomethingtoworryabout,”saidsleepspecialistRebeccaRobbins,aninstructorinthedivisionofsleepmedicineforHarvardMedicalSchool.Butsnoringcanalsobeakeysignofobstructivesleepapnea(阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停),aserioussleepdisorderinwhichpeopleactuallystopbreathingfor10secondsormoreatatime.“Whenit’sloudsnoring,orit’sinterruptedbypausesinbreathing,that’swherewestarttogetconcerned,”Robbinssaid.It’sestimatedthatatleast25millionAmericansand936peopleworldwidemaysufferfromobstructivesleepapnea,withmanymoreundiagnosed.It’scalled“obstructivesleepapnea”becauseunlikecentralsleepapnea—inwhichthebrainoccasionallyskipstellingthebodytobreathe—obstructivesleepapneaisduetoaclosureoftheairwaysbyweak,heavyorrelaxedsofttissues.“You’remakingtheeffortwithyourbellyandyourchesttotrytogettheairinandout,butbecauseoftheblockintheupperairway,youcan’t.Oftenyouaren’tawareofthisstruggle,butitcanbevery,veryscaryforanyonewatching,”saidsleepspecialistDr.RajDasgupta,anassociateprofessorofclinicalmedicineattheKeckSchoolofMedicineattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Ifleftuntreated,obstructivesleepapneaputsyouatahighriskforhypertension,heartdisease,type2diabetesordepression,evenanearlydeath,accordingtotheAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine.17．What’sRebeccaRobbins’sattitudetowardssnoring?A．Indifferent. B．Objective. C．Negative. D．Positive.18．Accordingtothepassage,what’sthereasonforobstructivesleepapnea?A．Badsleepinghabits. B．Blockedbreathingorgans.C．Infectionfromfamilymembers. D．Unhealthyeatinghabits.19．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Mostpeoplewhohaveobstructivesleepapneahavebeendiagnosed.B．Mostpeoplewhohaveobstructivesleepapnearealizetheirbreathingdifficulties.C．Thereisnoneedtoworryaboutanytypeofsnoring.D．Obstructivesleepapneamayleadtoavarietyofdiseases.20．Whatwilltheauthorwriteaboutinthefollowingparagraphofthepassage?A．Thedangersofobstructivesleepapnea.B．ThehistoryofAmericanAcademyofSleepMedicine.C．Theimportanceforpeopletorealizetheexistenceofobstructivesleepapnea.D．Thescientificmethodsfortreatingobstructivesleepapnea.Passage6（2021·四川·石室中学模拟预测）Inautumnof1975,twomothersinLyme,Connecticut,weredesperateforanswerstheirdoctorscouldnotprovide.TheirfamiliesandothersintheLymeareaweresufferingfromamysteriousillness.TwodoctorsfromYale,AllanSteereandStephenMalawista,begananinvestigationthatwouldresultinagroundbreakingmedicaldiscovery.Thedoctorsbeganbyconductingindividualexaminationsofeachpatient.Theyfoundpatientsofallagesweresufferingfromasetofsymptomsrarelyobservedtogether.Bloodsamplesrevealednovirusthatofferedaclueaboutthecause.However,theyfoundfruitfulinformationintheirinterviewswithpatients:onequarterofthemrecalledaskinrash(皮疹)withabull's-eyepatternaboutfourweeksbeforeothersymptomsarose.Armedwiththisnewclue,theDepartmentofHealthworkedwiththeYaledoctors,conductingsurveystolearnwherethediseasewasmostwidelyseen.Itseemedthatthemajorityofpatientslivedinheavilywoodedareas,whospentagooddealoftimeoutdoors,gardening,landscaping,orplaying.Thesymptomswerenearlyalwaysexperiencedforthefirsttimeduringsummer.Crucially,somerecalledhavingbeenbittenbyatick(蜱,壁虱),whichfeedsmostlyonthebloodofmammalsandbirds.By1977,investigatorsconfirmedthatthedeertickwasresponsible.In1982,ascientistnamedWillyBurgdorferdiscoveredaspecifictypeofbacteria,carriedbythedeertick,whichwascausingthedisease.Scientistsconcludedthatthebacteriapassedfromwildlifetotickstohumans.Alllivedcloselyamongoneanotherinthearea.Howcouldadiseasefromacommonparasite(寄生虫)springupsosuddenly?Manyareasofthenortheast,includingLyme,wereoncefarmland.Gradually,thefarmlandwasreplantedwithtrees,thenneighborhoodspusheddeeperintothehabitatofdeerticksand,moreimportantly,thewildlifetheyfedupon.Ashumansencounteredmoreticks,theybecamemorelikelytocontractthedisease.OneoftheremainingmysteriesaboutLymediseaseiswhereandwhenittrulybegan.Thispuzzlemayneverbesolved.Today,Lymedisease—ifcaughtearly—iseasilytreatedwithantibiotics,thankstothehardworkofmanyscientists,doctors,andpatients.21．WhichofthefollowingmethodhelpedDr.SteereandDr.Malawistamost?A．Carryingoutafieldsurvey. B．Conductingpatientinterviews.C．Offeringpatients'bloodsamples. D．Separatingpatientsintoagegroups.22．Fromthepassage，wecanconcludethat______________.A．patients'memoryoftickbiteswasvitaltothemedicaldiscoveryB．LymediseasespreadbecausedeerticksandhumansbothfedondeerC．onequarterofthepatientsgotaskinrashaftersomesymptomshadaroseD．Lymediseaseislesscommonnowbecausepeoplespendlesstimeoutdoors23．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordphrase“springup"inParagraph5probablymean?A．Worsen. B．Return. C．Appear. D．Decrease.24．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AScientificStudy B．AMedicalMystery C．AnEffectiveTreatment D．AnUnsolvedPuzzlePassage7（2022·浙江·模拟预测）Aspeoplepanickeduponemptysupermarketshelvesintheearlydaysofthepandemic,therewasrenewedattentiontofarmworkers’criticalroleinoursociety.Butthelaborconditionsthatfarmworkersendurehavefurtherworsenedsincethen,andmanyoftheseessentialworkershavehadtheirlivesendangeredbyadevastatingcombinationoftheCOVID-19andmental-healthchallenges.AdairyfarmworkerinVermont,whotoldusthathismentalstatewasfraying,recalledspending12hoursmilkingcowsonlytolaterhavetodumpgallonsofthatmilkbecausethefarmdidn’thaveabuyer.It’shardtoimaginethecruelrealityofbeingforcedtogetridofperfectlygoodmilkwhilestrugglingtoprovideyourownfamilywithmuch-neededfoodandmoneyduetoshortenedworkhoursthroughoutthepandemic.Hisstoryisheartbreakingandunthinkablebutalltoocommon.Farmworkershavealwaysfacedtrauma,anxietyandstressfromtheirjobs.Theyandtheirfamilieshavehistoricallystruggledwithsubstandard,overcrowdedlivingandworkingconditions,exposuretoharmfulpesticides,riskofseriousinjuries,pooraccesstohealthcareandpoverty-levelwages.AccordingtodatafromthemostrecentNationalAgriculturalWorkerSurvey,33%offarmworkersearnincomeswellbelowthepovertyline.Andthroughtheseenduringinjustices,theyhavealsobeenharmedbythepandemicandleftoutoffederalCOVID-19reliefprograms.ResearchershaveestimatedthathundredsofthousandsoffarmersandfarmworkersintheU.S.havecontractedthevirusandmorethan10,000havedied.EffortstoorganizefarmworkerstofightforbetterconditionshavebeenhinderedbyCOVID-19,asithassharplylimitedsurvivors’accesstohelp.Nolessonfromthepandemicisclearerthanthatourphysicalandmentalhealtharecloselylinkedandequallyimportant.Thestressorsandmentalhealthissuesfarmworkersfacemustbeconsideredoccupationalhealthissues.Thepathforwardistocreateprogramsandopportunitiesforworkerstoreceivemental-healthsupportandtreatmentasitrelatestoworkplacestressors,prioritizingessentialworkerslikefarmworkersandlow-wageworkers.25．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whathasputfarmworkers’livesindanger?A．Peoplenotpayingenoughattentiontotheirwork.B．Shortagesoffoodsandnecessitiesinthesupermarkets.C．Acombinationofphysicalthreatsandmentalproblems.D．Theworseningworkingconditionstheyhavetoendure.26．Whydoestheauthormentionthedairyfarmworker’sstory?A．Tointroducetheworkingprocessofdairyfarmworkers.B．Topresentthementalpressurefarmworkersareexperiencing.C．Toshowthegloomyprospectofthemilkindustry.D．Toaccuseemployersofcrueltyandindifference.27．Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinpara.4?A．Promoted B．Eased C．Stopped D．Organized28．Whatconclusioncanbedrawnaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Comparedtophysicalhealth,mentalhealthshouldbeprioritized.B．Physicalandpsychologicalhealthshouldbetreatedseparately.C．Farmworkers’mentalproblemsshouldberelatedtotheirwork.D．Essentialworkersshouldreceivebettersupportandtreatment.Passage8（2021·上海·模拟预测）Long-windedspeechcouldbeanearlysignofAlzheimer'sdisease,accordingtoresearchthatsuggestsslightchangesinspeechstyleoccuryearsbeforethemoreseriousmentaldeclinetakeshold.SpeakingattheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceinBoston,JanetCohenSherman,clinicaldirectorofthePsychologyAssessmentCenteratMassachusettsGeneralHospital,listednewfindingsthatrevealeddistinctivelanguageproblemsinpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment(MCI).“Manyofthestudiessofarhavelookedatchangesinmemory,butwealsoknowchangesoccurinlanguage”,shesaid.ShermancitesstudiesofthevocabularyinIrisMurdoch'slaterworks,whichshowedsignsofAlzheimer’syearsbeforeherdiagnosis.Anotherstudy,basedonWhiteHousepressconferencetranscripts,foundstrikingchangesinRonaldReagan'sspeechoverthecourseofhispresidency,whileGeorgeHWBush,whowasasimilaragewhenpresident,showednosuchdecline.“RonaldReaganstartedtohaveadeclineinthenumberofuniquewordswithrepetitionsofstatementsovertime,”saidSherman.“Hestartedusingmorefillers,moreemptyphrases,likething,or'something'orthingslike‘basically’or‘actuallyorwell’.”Shermanandhercolleagueshadinitiallysetouttotestthe“regressionhypothesis”,theideathatlanguageislostinareversedirectiontohowitwasacquiredduringchildhood,withlonganddifficultvocabularybeingthefirstthingtogo.Thehypothesisturnedouttobewrong,buttheteamdidfindthatAlzheimer’scomeswithcharacteristiclanguageproblems.Inastudy,thescientistscomparedthelanguageabilitiesof22healthyyoungindividuals,24healthyolderindividualsand22peoplewithMCI.Whengivenanexerciseinwhichtheyhadtojoinupthreewords,forinstance“pen”,“ink”and“paper”,thehealthyvolunteerstypicallyjoinedthethreeinasimplesentence,whiletheMCIgroupgavemorecomplexaccountsofgoingtotheshopandbuyingapen.“Thesentencestheyproducedweremuchlonger,theyhadahardtimestayingonpointandIguessyoucouldsaytheyweremuchmoreroundaboutinmakingtheirpointunderstood,saidSherman.“Itwasaverysignificantdifference.”TheprospectofaneffectivetreatmentforAlzheimer’shashadknockbacksthepastyearasdrugshaveeachbeenshowntomakenodifferencetotherateofcognitivedeclineintrials.Between2002and2012,99.6%ofdrugsstudiesaimedatpreventing,curingorimprovingAlzheimer’ssymptomswerediscontinued.Somebelievethatthesefailuresmaybe,inpart,becausebythetimeAlzheimer'sisdiagnosed,thediseasehasalreadycausedirreparabledamagetothebrain,makingittoolatefortreatmenttohelp.“Sowearetryingtopushthedetectionperiodbacktotheveryslight,earlychangesinAlzheimer’sdisease.“saidSherman.29．WhatdidJanetCohenShermanandherteamfindintheirresearch?A．Mildcognitiveimpairmentiscausedbyfailinglanguageabilitiesinmostcases.B．MemorydeclineisamajorsignofAlzheimer’sandshouldbepaidattentionto.C．PeoplewithAlzheimer’smayshowachangeinspeechstyleatanearlystage.D．PeoplecanavoidMCIbymakinglong-windedspeechshortandmeaningful.30．Accordingtothepassage,RonaldReagan________.A．mademorepowerfulspeechesthanGeorgeHWBushB．reliedonemptyphrasestoavoidanypotentialconflictC．usedmoreinaccuratewordsinspeechovertimewhenpresidentD．hadadeclineinthenumberofrepetitionsofstatementsinhislaterlife31．WhatcanbeconcludedfromMCIgroup'sperformanceintheword-joiningexercise?A．Theyhaddifficultyinmakingcleartheirmeaningbriefly.B．Theyfailedtotellthedifferencebetweendifferentaccounts.C．Theywouldliketoasktheiraudiencetoguesswhattheymeant.D．Theytendedtothinkalotbeforecomingupwithasuitablesentence.32．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Mostpreviousdrugsarenolongeronthemarketbecauseoftheirsideeffects.B．ThefindingsofSherman'sresearchmayleadtoeffectivetreatmentofAlzheimer’s.C．The”regressionhypothesis”provedtobepartiallytrue,especiallywithMCIpeople.D．Mentaldeclinedoesn’talwayshappenbeforepeoplediagnosedwithAlzheimer’s.参考答案：1．B2．B3．D4．A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了患有轻度认知障碍的老人ZhuCaiping通过在餐馆服务，使得病情得到改善，文章呼吁社会关心和提供机会帮助患有认知障碍的人。1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Iprovidebasicservicesforguests,suchaspouringwater,servingandtakingorders.Icannowrememberallthedishesonthemenu(我可以为客人提供基本的服务，例如：倒水，提供菜单，记下菜单上所有的菜名)”可知，她在努力去胜任这个服务员的工作。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第一段“shefoundthatanxiety,depressionandevenlookingdownonherselfbecamenormalinherlife.(她发现焦虑，沮丧，看不起自己，成为她生活的常态)”以及最后一段“Weshouldfeelluckythatthewholeofsocietyisconcernedabouttheseniors,especiallyforpeoplelikeus.(我们应该感到幸运，因为整个社会都在关心老年人，特别是像我们一样的人)”可知，患有认知障碍的人常会感到焦虑，但同时也感到幸运，因为有全社会的关心。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Inadditiontothejobopportunitiesfortheelderly,informationaboutcognitiveimpairmentandAlzheimer’sdiseaseispostedonaboardoutsidetherestauranttohelppeoplerecognizesymptomsandseektreatmentassoonaspossible.(除了为老年人提供就业机会，在饭馆外面张贴有关认知障碍和老年痴呆症的相关信息去帮助人们认识这些病的症状和尽快寻求治疗方案)”可知，张贴有关认知障碍的相关信息是为了帮助人们了解这些病的相关信息。故选D。4．推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段“WhenZhuCaiping,73,wasdiagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthreeyearsago,(73岁的ZhuCaiping在3年前被确诊为轻度认知障碍)”可知，本文将讲述疾病方面的话题，因此属于健康范畴。因此在报纸的健康栏目可以读到。故选A。5．B6．C7．D8．D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现了两个可能与阿尔茨海默病有关的新基因，介绍了他们发现这两个基因的方式、什么是阿尔茨海默病以及这一发现的重要意义。5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theyidentifiedthembyexploringwhichgeneswereturnedonandoffinthehippocampusofpeoplewhosufferedfromthedisease.(他们通过探索患有这种疾病的人的海马体中哪些基因被打开和关闭来识别这些基因)”可知，研究小组通过探索基因的开关状态发现与阿尔茨海默病相关的两个基因的。故选B。6．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“theirfindingsbycomparinggeneexpressionforthetwodozengenestoimagesoftheindividuals’brains”以及“InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.”可知，在阿尔茨海默病中，神经元的损伤和丧失会导致海马体的减少，这可以通过医学成像来测量。研究人员证实，其中两种基因的表达与阿尔茨海默病的海马体大小有关，由此可以说明研究小组通过比较这24个基因的基因表达和个体的大脑图像，进一步证实了他们的发现，故画线词意思是“证实”。A.Reported.报告；B.Conducted.管理；C.Confirmed.证实；D.Exposed.暴露。故选C。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“InAlzheimer’sdisease,damageandlossofneuronscausesthehippocampustodecrease,whichcanbemeasuredthroughmedicalimaging.TheresearchersestablishedthatexpressionoftwoofthegenesisrelatedtothesizeofthehippocampusofAlzheimer’sdisease.(在阿尔茨海默病中，神经元的损伤和丧失会导致海马体的减少，这可以通过医学成像来测量。研究人员证实，其中两种基因的表达与阿尔茨海默病的海马体大小有关)”可推知，阿尔茨海默病中海马体的大小有助于识别老年痴呆症。故选D。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“AresearchteamledbyChunshuiYuandMulinJunLiofTianjinMedicalUniversityhasdiscoveredtwonewgenes