八年级下册Units1、2创新

八年级下册Units

1、2Robots—friends

of

humansToday

robots

come

in

all

shapesand

sizes.

UAS,

a

London

company,has

already

developed

a

kind

of

robot.It

can

be

used

as

a

“home

help”

for

oldpeople.

It

can

also

do

such

things

as

cooking

eggs

and

cleathe

floor.

The

company

says

that

the

robot

will

accept

simvoice

instructions

and

that

it

will

be

controlled

by

a

latmicrocomputer.

Mr.

Henry,

the

leader

of

UAS,

believes

thahis

company

will

develop

clever

robots

to

be

used

in

indusThen

they

will

begin

to

sell

the

robots

into

ordinary

homeRobots

can

do

much

housework,

such

as

doing

the

dishes,cleaning

the

house

and

cooking

meals.

By

the

way,

the

pricthe

robot

may

be

as

much

as

$1,

000.But

Dr.

Sandra

believes

that

it

won’t

be

so

easy

todevelop

truly

intelligent

robots.

She

says,

“It

can

cookBut

something

unusual

needs

a

man

to

do.

A

robot

can’t

makit.

”【日积月累】单词:①industry②intelligentn.工业;产业adj.智能的;聪明的;理解力强的演练:根据汉语完成下列句子①它也能做像炒鸡蛋、擦地板这样的事情。It

can

also

do

things

cooking

eggs

and

cleanthe

floor.②但是桑德拉博士认为研发真正的智能机器人并不如此容易。But

Dr.

Sandra

believes

that

won’t

be

so

easy

truly

intelligent

robots.答案:

①such;

as

②it;

to

developⅠ.核心速记

1.p_r_o_b_a_b_l_y_

2.interview(adv.)大概;或许(n.)面试;面谈(n.)人;人类(prep.)除;把……除外(v.)归还;送回3.

human

4.e_x_c_e_p_t_

5.r_e_t_u_r_n_Ⅱ.联想串记(n.)污染1.

pollute(vp.o)l→lution2.build(v.b)u→ilding

(n.)建筑物;楼房(反义词)使人不愉快的3.

pleasant(adj.un)p→leasant→p_l_e_a_s_u_r_e_(n.)高兴4.science(ns.c)i→entist

(n.)科学家→sc_i_e_n_t_i_f_i_c(adj.)科学的(反义词)不可能的5.

possible(adji.m)p→ossible→p_o_s_s_i_b_l_y(adv.)可能地fail(v.fa)i→lure

(n.)失败free(adj.f)r→eedom

(n.)自由Ⅲ.语境妙记我不喜欢听隔壁房间传出来的奇怪的声音。听起来太可怕了。(sound)I

don’t

like

to

listen

to

the

storuandge

from

the

nextIts_o_u_n_d_s_

terrible.每个人都适应了这里的训练,因为他们想保持身体健康。

(fit)Everyonefi_i_t_t_s_s_

in

with

the

training

here,

because

they

wantkeepf_i_t.爱上(某人或某物)有能力做某事;会做某事(希望等)实现;达到未来;将来不让……进入就某事与某人争论in

love

withbaeble

tocomterue

in

thfeuture

keepoutarguweith

sab.out

sth.fall)with7.相处(得好);进展(顺利)goent

(wellhundreds

ofcall

sb.

up大量;许多

打电话给……10.

the

same

as与……同样的11.

as.

.

.

as

possible尽可能……1.将会有更多的人。more

people.There

will

be怎么了?What’s

wrong/t_he

matter

?——我该怎么办?——你可以给他写一封信。—

What

should

I

do?—_Y_o_u_c_o_u_l_d_

write

him

a

letter.我很烦,不知道该做什么。I’m

very

upset

and

don’t

knwohwat

to

do

.这些孩子们长大后可能会发现独立思考很难(做到)。These

children

mayfyind

it

hard

tothink

for

themselveswhen

they

are

older.一般将来时情态动词should与could的用法1.I’ll

be

able

to

dress

more

casually.我将可以穿得更随意一些。be

able

to有能力做某事;会做某事【自主探究】我希望你们都能通过这次期末考试。I

hope

all

of

you

passthe

final

exam.答案:will

be

able

to【考点归纳】be

able

to与can的辨析be

able

to可以用于各种时态,有人称和数的变化;还可以用于情态动词之后。can只有现在时和过去时;没有人称和数的变化;除表示能力外,还可以表示请求、许可或猜测。【真题链接】(2013·白银中考)Finish

your

homework

first,then

you’llwatch

TV

for

an

hour.A.

can B.

be

able

to C.

able

to D.

could2.I

don’t

want

to

surprise

him.我不想使他感到惊奇。surprise

v.使惊奇;使意外【自主探究】①It

(使惊讶)us

to

see

that

Linda

got

up

so

early

tmorning.②听到这个消息他很惊讶。He

felt

very

to

hear

the

news.答案:

①surprised

②surprised【考点归纳】surprise的三考点(1)作动词,意为“使惊奇;使意外”,其后常接人作宾语。

(2)作名词,意为“吃惊;惊奇;惊讶”,常用词组:in

surpris地;to

one’s

surprise使某人感到震惊的是/令某人吃惊的是(3)surprise的形容词有两种形式,分别为surprising和surpr其用法辨析如下:①surprised意为“感到惊奇的”,在句中多作表语,常用来修

be

surprised

at

sth.对……感到意外。②surprising意为“令人惊奇的”,在句中作定语或表语,且常来修饰说明物。【辨异】Surprising

news

always

surprises

us.That

is

to

swe

are

always

surprised

at

surprising

news.令人吃惊的消息总是使我们吃惊。也就是说,我们对令人吃惊的消息总是感到吃惊。【真题链接】(2013·烟台中考)What

news

it

is!

Nobody

iA.

a

surprising;

believes B.

surprising;

believesC.

a

surprised;

believe D.

surprised;

believe3.Everyone

else

in

my

class

was

invited

except

me.班里除我之外其他所有人都受到了邀请。except

prep.除;把……除外【自主探究】①除了汤姆,

我们都通过了这次考试。We

all

passed

the

exam

Tom.②除了足球你还喜欢哪些运动?What

other

sports

do

you

like

football?答案:

①except

②besides【考点归纳】except/besides/but用法辨析except“把……除外”,指排除在外,不包含后面的内容,前面常用表示整体的词besides“除……之外还有”,包含后面的内容but可与except换用,但but常与no

one,nobody,nothing,all,everyone,everything等词连用【图解助记】except与besides怎么辨exceptbesides【真题链接】(2012·济南中考)All

of

the

class

went

there

her.A.

expect B.

expert C.

except D.

excuse1.I

don’t

like

living

alone.我不喜欢单独住。

alone

adv.单独地;孤独地【自主探究】①在这儿我没有亲近的朋友。我有时感到很孤独。I

don’t

have

any

close

friends

here.

I

feel

very

ftime

to

time.②虽然她独自一人在家,但她不感到寂寞。Although

she

is

at

home,

she

doesn’t

feel

答案:

①lonely

②alone;

lonely【考点归纳】alone/lonely辨析alone可作形容词和副词,意为“单独的(地);孤独的

(地)”,不带有感情色彩,在句中作表语或状语,相当于by

oneselflonely作形容词,意为“孤独的;寂寞的”,可作定语或表语,常带有感情色彩【真题链接】(2012·安顺中考)His

grandparents

live

in

a

smallhouse,

but

they

don’t

feel

.A.

lonely;

aloneC.

lonely;

lonelyB.

alone;

lonelyD.

alone;

alone2.There

are

already

robots

working

in

factories.工厂里已经有机器人(正)在工作了。There

be

sb./sth.doing

sth.有某人或某物正在做某事【自主探究】①—What

is

happening?—There

must

be

somebody

(to

dance/dancing)in

thenext

room.②—Are

you

free

today,

mum?—No,

there

are

many

clothes

(to

wash/wash)today.答案:

①dancing ②to

wash【考点归纳】There

be+sb./sth.+doing

sth.有某人/某物正在做某事如:There

is

a

little

girl

crying

in

the

corner.在拐角处有个小女孩在哭。There

be+sth.+to

do有某事要去做。例如:

There

is

nothing

to

do

today.今天无事可做。There

be+sth.+done有某事要被做。例如:There’s

a

very

famous

museum

called

Museum

of

Flight.有著名的博物馆叫航空博物馆。【真题链接】(2012·东营中考)There

a

football

match

and

a

concthis

weekend.

Which

one

would

you

like

to

go?A.

is B.

are C.

will

be D.

will

have3.

That

may

not

seem

possible

now,

but

computers,

spacerockets

and

even

electric

toothbrushes

seemed

impossiblehundred

years

ago.现在看起来那似乎是不可能的,但在一百年前,电脑、太空火箭甚至电动牙刷似乎也是不可能的。seem

v.像是;似乎【自主探究】①他看起来很高兴。He

seems

very

.

=He

seems

very

happy.②These

days,

the

weather

seems

(change)

every

daOne

day

is

hot.

The

next

day

is

cold.③She

seems

to

like

the

book.

(改为同义句)It

that

she

the

book.答案:

①happy;

to

be ②to

change

③seems;

likes【考点归纳】seem的两种用法(1)seem+(to

be)+形容词/名词,意为“似乎是……,好像是…例如:Everything

seems

easy.一切似乎很容易。(2)...seem

to

do

sth.=It

seems+(that)从句,意为“看起来二者可进行同义句转换。例如:I

seem

to

have

caught

a

cold.我好像是感冒了。【真题链接】(2012·无锡中考)这则消息似乎比我们原先预想的传播得更快The

news

than

we

had

expected.答案：seemed

to

spread

faster/more

quickly4.We

get

on

well.我们相处得好。

get

on相处;进展【自主探究】①We

also

learn

how

to

get

along

well

with

others

at

school出可以替换画线部分的词)A.

to B.

on C.

down D.

up②I’m

getting

on

well

with

my

new

classmates.(对画线部分

you

getting

on

with

your

new

classmates?答案:②How

are【考点归纳】【想一想】get

on还有什么意思呢?【参考答案】get

on还可表示“上车”,其反义短语是get

off,意为“下车”。【真题链接】(2012·北京中考)杰克会和同学们相处得很好。Jack

will

his

classmates.答案：get

along/on

well

with5.He

doesn’t

have

any

money,either.他也没钱。

either

adv.同样地(不……);也(不……);adj.&pron.任一(的);(两方中的)每一方(的)【自主探究】选词填空all,

both,

either,

neither①

Paris

and

London

are

big

cities.②—When

shall

we

go

to

the

museum,

this

afternoon

ortomorrow

morning?—

is

OK.

I’m

free

these

days.答案:

①Both

②Either③My

mother

has

been

to

Beijing,

too.

(改为否定句)My

mother

been

to

Beijing,

.④两个答案都不对。

answer

is

right.答案:

③hasn’t;

either

④Neither【考点归纳】(1)either的不同词性及用法(2)both/either/neither的用法辨析相同点both,either和neither都是用于二者的,均可用作代词、形容词不同点both意为“两者都……”,作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式either意为“两者中的任何一个”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数neither表示“两者都不……”,其后面的谓语多为单数形式【真题链接】(2013·宁波中考)—Would

you

like

some

juice

or

coffee?—

is

OK.

I

really

don’t

care.A.

Both B.

Either C.

All D.

Neither6.I’m

very

upset

and

don’t

know

what

to

do.我很烦,不知道该做什么。“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”的用法【自主探究】①He

didn’t

know

what

he

should

do

at

that

time.

(改为简单He

didn’t

know

at

that

time.②—I

often

chat

with

my

friends

on

the

Internet.—You

are

so

smart!

Will

you

please

tell

me

(how/what)

to

do

it?答案:

①what

to

do

②how【考点归纳】“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构的用法(1)疑问代词who,what,which等和疑问副词when,where,how等后面跟不定式,构成不定式短语。这种结构经常用在某些动词后作宾语,类似的动词(词组)有:tell,show,know,learn,teach,find

out,forget,wonder,remember等。例如:①I’ll

show

you

how

to

do

it.我要让你看看如何做这件事。②You’d

better

find

out

where

to

put

it.你最好弄清楚要把它放在哪里。(2)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构可以把复合句转换为单句。例如:I

don’t

know

what

I’ll

do

next.=

I

don’t

know

what

to

do

next.【点睛】英语中,疑问词why后不能接不定式,但是why(not)后可接不带to的不定式(动词原形)。【真题链接】(2013·雅安中考)Students

should

learn

how

probleA.

solveC.

can

solveB.

solvingD.

to

solveⅠ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词It

is

(不可能的)for

us

to

finish

the

work

in

sucshort

time.The

students

should

be

always

strict

with

(他们己).I

think

I

did

quite

well

in

the

(面试).

答案:

1.

impossible 2.

themselves 3.

interviewTo

our

great

(惊讶),Tom

failed

to

pass

thegraduation

exam.The

children

need

more

(自由)to

do

the

things

ththey

like.答案:4.surprise5.

freedomⅡ.完成句子1.我第一次看到这幅画就喜欢上了它。I

with

the

picture

the

first

time

I

sa明天早上你能八点之前到校吗?

you

get

to

school

before

8:

00tomorrow

morning?玛丽心烦意乱,不知道该做什么。Mary

is

very

upset

and

doesn’t

know

.答案:

1.

fell

in

love 2.

Will;

be

able

to 3.

what

to

do她奶奶希望自己能活到100岁。Her

grandma

hopes

she

can

100

yearsold.在英语课堂上,我们应当尽可能多说英语。In

the

English

class,

we

should

speak

English

.

答案:4.live

to

be5.

as

much

as

possibleⅢ.单项选择1.

—Do

you

think

a

concert

in

our

school

hall

thisweekend?—Yes,

there

will.A.

there

will

haveC.

will

there

beB.

there

will

beD.

will

there

have【解析】选B。考查固定句型。there

be结构的将来时有两种形式,分别是there

will

be和there

is/are

going

to

be。故选2.

—I’m

sorry

I

can’t

find

the

library

book.—I’m

afraid

you

have

to

it.A.

send

for B.

call

for C.

pay

for D.

wait

for【解析】选C。考查短语辨析。四个选项都含有for,分别意为

“派人去请”“需要;要求”“为……付款”“等待”。结合上文“I’m

sorry

I

can’t

find

the

library

book.”可知答意为“我担心你不得不为它赔款”,故选C。3.

It’s

so

crowded

in

Ginza

on

weekends.

There

are

always

people

in

it.A.

hundredC.

hundred

ofB.

hundredsD.

hundreds

of【解析】选D。考查数词的用法。当表示确切数字时,“具体的数字+hundred”表示“几百”;当表示概数时,用

“hundreds+of”表示。故选D。4.

—The

Internet

says

the

weather

will

be

rainy

tomorrow.—Really?

That

will

make

the

work

more

difficult.A.

too

B.

very

C.

many

D.

even【解析】选D。考查固定搭配。答语中“more

difficult”是形容词的比较级,应用even来修饰;too/very只能修饰形容词、副词原级。故选D。5.

The

music

made

me

think

of

the

of

the

runningwater.A.

shout B.

noise C.

voice D.

sound【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。voice一般指人的说话声;

noise噪音,喧闹声;sound用法最广泛,可指人或动物发出的声音或物体碰撞的声音;shout喊叫声。句意“这种音乐让我想

起了水的流动声”,故选D。1.

(2013·雅安中考)It

is

important

people

leateam

spirit.A.

of;

of B.

of;

to C.

for;

to D.

to;

to【解析】选C。考查固定句式和介词的用法。It’s+形容词+of/for

sb.to

do

sth.意为“对某人来说干某事是……的”,固定句式,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式句中的形容词important不是用来说明人的,应用介词for,所以选C。2.

(2013·杭州中考)There

has

never

been

such

a

beautifulvillage

in

the

world.A.

anywhereC.

somewhereB.

everywhereD.

nowhere【解析】选A。考查副词的用法。句意:世界上从来没有任何地方有如此美丽的村庄。anywhere“任何地方”;

everywhere“任何地方”;somewhere“某地”;nowhere“没有地方”,故选A。3.

(2013·丽水中考)—Hey,

man.

You

can’t

cross

the

streeYou

have

to

wait

the

traffic

lights

turn

green.—Oh,

sorry

and

thank

you.A.

when B.

after C.

until D.

while【解析】选C。考查连词辨析。句意“你必须等到绿灯亮……”until意为“直到”,符合句意。4.

(2012·呼和浩特中考)To

live

a

green

life,

we

should

trysave

energy

and

produce

pollution.A.

more;

lessC.

more;

fewerB.

less;

moreD.

most;

least【解析】选A。句意:为了过绿色生活,我们应该努力节约更

多的能源,减少污染。less修饰不可数名词,fewer修饰可数名词;pollution是不可数名词。故选A项。5.(2012·安徽中考)—We

have

red

and

yellow

T-shirts.Whicolor

do

you

like?—I’m

afraid

.

I

think

blue

will

be

OK.A.

both B.

either C.

neither D.

none【解析】选C。either“两者中的任何一个”;neither“两者都不”;both“两者都”;none表示三者或三者以上的否定,根据答语后句句意“我认为蓝色可以”,故选C。6.

(2012·乌鲁木齐中考)She

was

angry

shewalked

out

and

closed

the

door

heavily.A.

so;

that

B.

too;

and

C.

very;

that

D.

such;

tha【解析】选A。考查状语从句引导词的用法。such...that..

so...that...引导结果状语从句,such后接名词,so后接形或副词。too...to...,too后接形容词或副词,to后接动词