2022年湖北考研英语一试题真题及答案

2022年湖北考研英语一试题真题及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;

theterm“plantneurobiology"was____1____aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehavior

couldbetointelligenceinanimals.plantslackbrains,thefiringof

electricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat____4____

consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.

Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexand

fascinating,butit____5____sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called6_____ofplants"

intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.

Beginningin2006,somescientistshave7_thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthat

interactwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,___8"aplantnervoussystem,9____to

thatinanimals,"saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,"They10claimedthatplants

haveibrain-likecommandcenters?attheirroottips.”

This____11makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,____12____it

toanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.

____13____,thesignalinginaplantisonly____14____similartothefiringinacomplexanimal

brain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,“Taizsaid.

“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold____15ofcomplexityandcapacity

isrequired,"he____16____Sinceplantsdon'thavenervoussystems,the________17____that

theyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.n

Andwhat'ssogreataboutconsciousness,anyway?Plantscan*trunawayfrom____18____,

soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich___19____athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery

____20____evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.

1.[A]coined[B]discovered[C]collected[D]issued

2.[A]attributed[B]directed[C]compared[D]confined

3.[A]Unless[B]When[C]Once[D]Though

4.[A]copedwith[B]consistedof[C]hintedat[D]extendedto

5.[A]suffers[B]benefits[C]develops[D]differs

6.[A]acceptance[B]evidence[C]cultivation[D]creation

7.[A]doubted[B]denied[C]argued[D]requested

8.[A]adapting[B]forming[C]repairing[D]testing

9.[A]analogous[B]essential[C]suitable[D]sensitive

10.[A]just[B]ever[C]still[D]even

11.[A]restriction[B]experiment[C]perspective[D]demand

12.[A]attaching[B]reducing[C]returning[D]exposing

13.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise

14.[A]temporarily[B]literally[C]superficially[D]imaginarily

15.[A]list[B]level[C]label[D]load

16.[A]recalled[B]agreed[C]questioned[D]added

17.[A]chances[B]risks[C]excuses[D]assumptions

18.[A]danger[B]failure[C]warning[D]control

19.[A]represents[B]includes[C]reveals[D]recognizes

20.[A]humble[B]poor[C]practical[D]easy

答案解析：

1.[A]coined

2.[C]compared

3.[D]Though

4.[C]hintedat

5.[D]differs

6.[B]evidence

7.[C]argued

8.[B]forming

9.[A]analogous

10.[D]even

11.[C]perspective

12.[B]reducing

13.[A]However

14.[C]superficially

15.[B]level

16.[D]added

17.[A]chances

18.[A]danger

19.[D]recognizes

20.[B]poor

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andother

trashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhere

anddon'tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.

They"weep"outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesfor

institutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyof

plasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimation

stillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.

Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn'talways

knowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiring

afewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands."It's

likebakingacake:Ifyoudon'thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,“shesays."Theobject

youmakeisalreadyatimebomb.”

Andsometimes,it'snottheartist1sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPieroGilardi

begantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsof

rosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen“naturecarpets，r—largerectanglesdecoratedwith

foampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets—which

meanttheyhadtobedurable.

Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It1sespecially

vulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi'spumpkins,roses,andotherfigures

weresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.

SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi*ssculptures.Theyinfusedsome

withstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”

becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheis

proudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotective

cases.

DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten*s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.

Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplastics,designedtodisintegrate,

areincreasinglycommon.

Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessor

ofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthat

archaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory—StoneAge,IronAge,and

soon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“and

whatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve…wi11haveastrongimpactonhow

inthefuturewe'11beseen.”

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin

[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems

[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts

[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits

[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections

22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare

[A]immunetodecay

[B]improperlyshaped

[C]inherentlyflawed

[D]complexinstructure

23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi*sartworksto.

[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors

[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay

[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed

[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage

24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis.

[A]costly

[B]unworthy

[C]unpopular

[D]challenging

25.InFerreira*sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts.

[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch

[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance

[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages

[D]hasanimpactontoday1sculturallife

SectionIIReadingComprehension

答案解析：

21.[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems

22.[C]inherentlyflawed

23.[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage

24.[D]challenging

25.[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance

Text2

Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheir

options,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschanged

andwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.

Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbeset

upforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecame

devalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduates

intheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries.

Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegree

isnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneand

thatotheroptionsareavailable.

Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearn

fromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegree

mindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprove

themselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingthe

advantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.

Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirst

ofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduates

nowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessense

tohavetwo.

ItisunlikelythatGenerationZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedto

beconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthat

thisgeneration,duetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesire

fordiversity,willworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeand

havefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacore

partofGenerationZ'scareertrajectory.

Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:‘Iam

ageographer'or'Iamaciassist'.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it'

sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon'tdefinetheminthesameway.

26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould______.

[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege

[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage

[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation

[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication

27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect.

[A]MillenniaTsopinionsaboutwork

[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree

[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation

[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility

28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat.

[A]GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree

[B]schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers

[C]employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees

[D]parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation

29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould.

[A]makeanearlydecisionontheircareer

[B]attendonthejobtrainingprograms

[C]teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates

[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield

30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.

[B]Theywillmakequalifiededucators.

[C]Degreeswillnolongerappealthem.

[D]Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.

答案解析：

26.[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation

27.[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree

28.[C]employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees

29.[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield

30.[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.

Text3

Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereaders

usedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticleson

partnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhoresponded

toanaccompanyingpollsaidtheyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywould

considerdoingsoinfuture.

Suchanencouragingresultisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisual

artiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences."Artistshelpscientistsreach

abroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning."Onerespondentsaid.

Oneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthesensescamelastmonth

whentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi"sTheFour

Seasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondata

foreachseason—providedbyMonashUniversity'sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.The

performancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovemberJsUnitedNationsClimateChange

ConferenceinGlasgow,UK.

Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.Fewerartiststhanscientistsresponded

totheNaturepoll;however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientists

withtheircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectof

study.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,

areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother*swork.Suchanapproachcanbothprompt

newresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.

Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenter

forAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefounders

deliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight-hencethe“visualstudies“inthename.Light

wasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldform

thebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomore

sub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscould

alsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.

Nature,spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakea

collaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereach

ofart-sciencetie-upsneedtogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,and

participantsmustnotfallintothetrapofstereotypingeachother.Artistsandscientistsalike

areimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.

31.AccordingtoParagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave.

[A]caughttheattentionofcritics

[B]receivedfavorableresponses

[C]promotedacademicpublishing

[D]sparkedheatedpublicdisputes

32.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat.

[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience

[B]sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions

[C]publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture

[D]artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations

33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership.

[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated

[B]theirreputationmaybeimpaired

[C]theircreativitymaybeinhibited

[D]theirworkmaybemisguided

34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS?

[A]Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.

[B]Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.

[C]Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.

[D]Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.

35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations.

[A]arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations

[B]willintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition

[C]shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience

[D]arebecomingmorepopularthanbefore

答案解析：

31.[B]receivedfavorableresponses

32.[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience

33.[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated

34.[B]Itexemplifiedthevaluableart-sciencealliances.

35.[C]shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience

Text4

ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand'sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)prevent

anemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.

Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.

Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom

^unjustifieddismissals'".Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficient

safeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhena

bosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.

Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagers

andexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiring

poorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverall

performance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifference

betweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosing

them.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.

Consequently—andparadoxically—lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmay

beplacingthosejobsatrisk.

Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessowners

fromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivity

andthereforeonworkers'wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand*s

ProductivityParadox,,(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityof

managerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry*spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.

NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA'sunjustified

dismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,

employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanager

togainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemployment

arrangementgoingwrong.

Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissal

regulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverall

well-being.

AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcluding

employeesearningaboveaspecified'/high-incomethreshold1/fromtheprotectionofitsunfair

dismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers'Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-income

employeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposed

wereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.

36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto.

[A]punishdubiouscorporatepractices

[B]improvetraditionalhiringprocedures

[C]exemptemployersfromcertainduties

[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers

37.Itcanbelearnedfromparagraph3thattheprovisionsmay.

[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment

[B]underminemanagers*authority

[C]affectthepublicimageofthefirms

[D]worsenlabor-managementrelations

38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldtheProductivityCommissionsupport?

[A]Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.

[B]Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws.

[C]Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.

[D]Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.

39.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA'sunjustifieddismissalprocedures?

[A]Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.

[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.

[C]Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.

[D]Employersneedtohirenewstaff.

40.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“high-incomethreshold7/inAustralia.

[A]hassecuredmanagers'earnings

[B]hasproducedundesiredresults

[C]isbeneficialtobusinessowners

[D]isdifficulttoputintopractice

答案解析：

36.[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers

37.[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment

38.[D]Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.

39.[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.

40.[D]isdifficulttoputintopractice

PartB

题目要求暂无，需要考生总结人物观点然后选择正确选项，类似英语二信息匹配题。

(41)TeriByrd

Iamaveterinarianwhowasazooandwildlifeparkemployeeforyearsbeforeobtainingmy

veterinarydegree.Boththewildlifeparkandzooclaimedtobeoperatingforthebenefitofthe

animalsandforconservationpurposes.Thisclaimwasfalse.Neitheroneofthemactually

participatedinanycontributionstoanimalresearchorconservation.Theyareprofitable

institutionswhosebottomlineismuchmoreimportantthantheconditionoftheanimals.

Animalsdespisebeingcaptivesinzoos.Nomatterhowyou“enhance“enclosures,theydo

notallowforfreedom,anaturaldietoradequateexercise.Animalsendupstressedandunhealthy

ordead.It'spasttimefortransparencywiththeseinstitutions,andit'spasttimetoeliminate

zoosfromourculture.

(42)KarenR.Sime

Asazoologyprofessorand,thankstomykids,afrequentzoovisitor,IagreewithEmmaMarris

thatzoodisplayscanbesadandcruel.Butsheunderestimatestheeducationalvalueofzoos.

ThezoologyprogramatmyStateUniversityofNewYorkcampusattractsstudentsforwhomzoo

visitswerethecrucialformativeexperiencethatledthemtomajorinbiologicalsciences.These

aremostlystudentswhohadnoopportunityaschildrentotraveltowildernessareas,wildlife

refugesornationalparks.AlthoughgoodTVshowscanhelpstirchildren'sinterestin

conservation,theycannotreplacetheexcitementofazoovisitasanintense,immersiveand

interactiveexperience.Theyalsogettomeetadultswhohaveturnedtheirloveforanimalsinto

acareer,andwithwhomtheycanidentify.Surelytheremustbesomemiddlegroundthatbalances

zoos'treatmentofanimalswiththeireducationalpotential.

(43)GregNewberry

EmmaMarris"articleisaninsultandadisservicetothethousandsofpassionate,dedicated

peoplewhoworktirelesslytoimprovethelivesofanimalsandprotectourplanet.Ms.Marris

usesoutdatedresearchanddecades-oldexamplestounderminethenoblemissionoforganizations

committedtoconnectingchildrentoaworldbeyondtheirown.

Zoosareattheforefrontofconservationandconstantlyevolvingtoimprovehowtheycare

foranimalsandprotecteachspeciesinitsnaturalhabitat.Aretheretragedies?Ofcourse.But

theyaretheexception,notthenormthatMs.Marrisimplies.Adistressedanimalinazoowill

getasgoodorbettertreatmentthanmostofusatourlocalhospital.

(44)DeanGallea

Asafellowenvironmentalist,animal-protectionadvocateandlongtimevegetarian,Icould

properlybeinthesamecampasEmmaMarrisontheissueofzoos.ButIbelievethatwell-run

zoos,andtheheroicanimalsthatsuffertheircaptivity,doserveahigherpurpose.Wereitnot

foropportunitiestoobservethesebeautiful,wildcreaturesclosetohome,manymorepeoplewould

bedrivenbytheirfascinationtotraveltowildareastoseekout,disturbandevenhuntthem

down.

Zoosare,inthatsense,similartonaturalhistoryandarchaeologymuseums,servingtosatisfy

ourneedforcontactwiththeselivingcreatureswhileleavingthevastmajorityundisturbedin

theirnaturalenvironments.

(45)JohnFraser

EmmaMarrisselectivelydescribesandmisrepresentsthefindingsofourresearch.Ourstudies

focusedontheimpactofzooexperiencesonhowpeoplethinkaboutthemselvesandnature,and

thedatapointsextractedfromourstudiesdonot,inanyway,discountwhatislearnedinazoo

visit.

Zoosaretoolsforthinking.Ourresearchprovidesstrongsupportforthevalueofzoosin

connectingpeoplewithanimalsandwithnature.Zoosprovideacriticalvoiceforconservation

andenvironmentalprotection.Theyaffordanopportunityforpeoplefromallbackgroundsto

encounterarangeofanimals,fromdronebeestospringbokorsalmon,tobetterunderstandthe

naturalworldwelivein.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.______

[A]Zoos,whichsparenoefforttotakecareofanimals,shouldnotbesubjectedtounfair

criticism.

[B]Topressurezoostospendlessontheiranimalswouldleadtoinhumaneoutcomesforthe

preciouscreaturesintheircare.

[C]Whileanimalsincaptivitydeservesympathy,zooplaysignificantroleinstartingyoung

peoplesownthepathofrelatedsciences.

[D]Zoossavepeopletripstowildernessareasandthuscontributetowildlifeconservation.

[E]Forwildanimals