新疆乌鲁木齐市第四十中学2022-2023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题

乌鲁木齐市第四十中学20222023学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（考试范围：选择性必修一）总分120分考试时间120分钟一、阅读理解（共32分）RobertoNovohasstyledthehairofalotofstars.ButduringCOVID19,he’sturnedhisgiftstotheheadsoflesserknown,olderNewYorkersandhe’sdoneitforfree.TheArgentinabornstylistwelesthemtohisManhattanapartmentorvisitsthemintheirhomes.Histwodogskeepeveryonepany.Hecallshisproject“Freehaircutandpuppylove.”Itstartedlastsummerwhenheandhisdogsvisitedaclientwhohadbeenisolated(隔离)formonthsduetoCOVID19.Seeinghowhappyitmadeher,heaskedifshehadfriendsinherapartmentbuildingwhomightbeinterestedinafreehairdo.“Itdoesn’tgetanybetterthanthat—bringsomejoytoseniorcitizensinthesehardtimes,”Novosaid.“Peoplearereallysufferinginthissituationrightnow.SoifIcanhelpthemwithasimplehaircut,that’sagift.”Onarecentday,NovoandhisdogswalkedintoMadelonSpier’sapartmentandquicklyturnedthelivingroomintoasalon(美发厅).Sittinginablackchair,Spierwaitedtogetherhairstyled.“Ithinkhe’sanamazingartist.Andwe’reallpicturesthathe’spainting,”Spiersaid.“There’shispersonality(特色),andhiswayofcutting—awayoflookingatapersonandknowingwhat’srightforthem,”saidSpier.NeighborAndrewLangermansaidNovoalsogavehimhisfirsthaircutinmonths.“I’vejustbeensolonelyduringCOVID19,”hesaid,andnow,“Ifeelalotbetter.Iwasn’treallyfeelingverywellwhenIcameherebutthenIfeltgreatjustbeingwitheverybody.AndIhadagoodhaircut.”AsNovofinishedacut,heorderedpizzasthatthegrouplatershared.Theytalkedandlaughed.“IalwaystellpeopleifIdieandI’mbornagain,I’lldoeverythingexactlythesameway,”saidNovo.1．WhydidNovovisitolderNewYorkers?A．Totakecareofthem. B．Togivethemhaircuts.C．Tomunicatewiththemeasily. D．Toinspirethemtofightagainstdiseases.2．WhatdidLangermansayaboutNovo’svisit?A．Itcreatedgoodfeelings. B．Itstrengthenedhisfamilyties.C．Itexcitedhisinterestinpainting. D．Ithelpedhimgettoknowhisneighbors.3．HowwouldNovofeelaboutwhathedidfortheold?A．Itischallenging. B．Itisunexpected. C．Itisamusing. D．Itisbeautiful.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeNovo?A．Generousandsporty. B．Creativeandcourageous.C．Caringandwarmhearted. D．Farsightedandstrongwilled.Thekeytoahappylifehasnothingtodowithgettingaheadatwork,makingmoney,ortravelingtheworld.Instead,livingyourbestlifeandcreatingmeaningisallaboutonething:relationships.AstudyofadultdevelopmenthasbeenrunningatHarvardsince1938,andisnowonitssecondgenerationofparticipants—thechildrenoftheoriginalstudy’ssubjects.Overdecades,theresearchteamcollecteddataabouttheirlives,includingtheirphysicalandmentalhealth,marital(婚姻的)statusandquality,careerhappiness,etc.Theyfoundthemostimportantaspectinhowhappyandhealthythesemenwereovertimewastheirrelationships.Inotherwords:Findinghappinessinlifeisallaboutthepeopleyoulove.Theresearchdoesn’tonlyincluderomanticrelationshipsandmarriage.Quality,closerelationshipsareimportantwhethertheyareinthesituationofromanticrelationshipsorclosenessbetweenfriendsorfamilymembers.Thekindofrelationshipyouhaveislessimportantthanhowcloseyoufeelwiththem.However,thestudyonlyincludedmen,andimportantgenderdifferencesexistinhowpeopleexperiencerelationships.Someresearchsuggeststhatmenmaybenefitmorefrommarriage.Buttheytendtohaveahardertimekeepingfriendships;asmengetolder,theywillmorelikelysaytheyhavenobodytodiscussimportantsubjectswith.Soit’spossiblethathavingcloserelationshipsthroughouttheirlivesmightaffectmendifferentlythanwomen.Thefindingslineupwiththeeffectsofloneliness.Peoplewhoaresociallyisolatedhaveagreaterlikelihoodofstrokes(中风),heartattacks,andhigherbloodpressure,nottomentionmentalhealthissues.Unfortunatelyfortheyoungestgenerations,recentsurveysfoundthatyoungAmericansarelonelierthanoldergenerations.Thatwilllikelyhaveabigimpactonhowhealthyandhappypeoplefeelthroughouttheirlives.5．What’sthemorallessonfromthispassage?A．Travelfarandwidetolearnalot. B．Keepanopenmindtobecreative.C．Treasureyourtimewithyourlovedones. D．Workhardtobethebestofyourprofession.6．What’stheimplicationofParagraph5?A．Womenareunwillingtoparticipateinthestudy.B．Menarebetteratmaintainingacloserelationship.C．Womenarenottreatedequallyinscientificresearch.D．Thefindingsofthestudymaynotbetrueforwomen.7．Whyistheyoungestgenerationunfortunate?A．Becausetheyhavenobodytotalkto. B．Becausetheyaremoresociallyisolated.C．Becausetheycan’tkeeptheirrelationships. D．Becausetheysufferphysicallyandmentally.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．CloseRelationshipsMakeaHappyLifeB．MenLookForwardtoCloseRelationshipsC．CloseRelationshipsEnsurePeople’sHealthD．MenandWomenDifferinKeepingRelationshipsScandinavianarchitectureisarelativelynewconstructthatdrewpublicattentionwithinthelastcentury.IttendstoincludeworksassociatedwithSweden,Denmark,Norway,FinlandandIceland,anditisundoubtedlyoneofthemoreinfluentialstylesinmoderntimes.TheScandinaviandesignstyleisbothsimpleandfortable,modernandhistoric.Homebuildersinfluencedbythisstyleareexpertatmixingtraditionalvernacular(民间风俗的)styleswithmoderntechnologytocreateaspacethatisbeautifulandaimstomakeyourlifebetter.Beforetheearly20thcentury,muchofScandinavianarchitecturewasvernacularinnature.Homeswerebuiltinasimplewayusinglocallysourcedmaterialsandknowledge.However,itcanbearguedthatthislackofformalarchitecturalschoolingpromotedmorecraftsmanshipandcreativityastimewenton.Thesevernacularbuildersweremoreconcernedwithfunctionthanform.AnearlyexampleofthisistheturfhousesinIceland,whichwerehomeswithgreenroofsthatcouldkeepthehouseinfortabletemperaturethroughoutseasonsinanaffordableway.ThemoderndayversionofScandinavianarchitecturegrewoutofthisgrassrootsapproachtobuilding.PublicbuildingsoriginallymixedNeoclassicalelementswithtraditionalbuildingstylesbasedonlocalpractices.Inthe1930s,theconceptofFunctionalismwasintroducedinScandinavia.Withitsinspiration,architectswantedthebuildingstobesimple,buttheyalsowantedthemtobebeneficialtopeopleinsomethoughtfulway.Forinstance,thePaimioSanatoriumthatwasbuiltin1933focusedonmaximizingqualityairandlightfortuberculosis(结核病)patients.Sowhilemodernarchitectureisallaboutsimple,cleanlines,Scandinavianarchitectureisthatandalsoastyleofbuildingthatthinksabouthowpublicspacesandhomescanbevaluabletohumankind.9．WhatisafeatureofScandinavianarchitecturebeforetheearly20thcentury?A．Practicalfunction. B．Professionaldesign.C．Creativeappearance. D．Recyclablematerial.10．WhatcanwelearnaboutthemodernScandinavianarchitecture?A．Moderntechnologyisthebiggestadvantageofit.B．Architectsofthisstylefocusonbothsimplicityandfort.C．TheconceptofFunctionalismwasrejectedbyScandinavianarchitects.D．Itsappearanceisdifferentfromthatofotherstylesofmodernarchitecture.11．Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthetext?A．ToattracttouriststovisitScandinavia.B．ToshowrespecttoScandinavianarchitects.C．TointroduceanarchitecturestylefromEurope.D．Toencouragemorepeopletomajorinarchitecture.12．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment. B．Society.C．Education. D．Culture.Nearly10millionpeopleworldwidelivewithParkinson’sdisease.WhileParkinson’sisincurable,someofitsworstsymptomscanberelievedandcontrolledusingmedications.Amajorproblemofgettingeffectivetreatmentattherighttimeisidentifyingthediseasesoonenough,beforepatientsexperiencethesymptomsbroughtonbyirreversible(不可逆转的)neuronloss.Butscientistsmighthavejustthethingtochangethesituation.Anditinvolvesanose.InastudypublishedinthejournalACSOmega,researchersfromChina’sZhejiangUniversitycreatedan“enose,”aportabledevicethatcandetectbodysmellsspecifictoParkinson’spatients.ItmayeasasurprisetolearnParkinson’spatientshavetheirownsmells.ButafteraretirednurseinScotlandmadeheadlinesin2015foraheightenedsenseofsmellthatledtoherownhusband’sParkinson’sdiagnosis,scientistshavebeentryinghardtocreateadevicethatcouldsmellthediseasebeforephysicalsymptomsstarttoshow.Overtheyears,scientistshavefoundpeoplewithParkinson’stendtoproducemoresebum(皮脂)thantheaverageperson.Thissebummixeswithotheroverproducedsubstancestoproducecertain,uniquesmells.Totrackdownthesesmells,theZhejiangUniversityresearchersswabbed(用拭子擦拭)theupperbacksof31Parkinson’spatientsand32healthyvolunteers.Usingmachinelearningsoftware,theywereabletoidentifythreesmellpoundsthathealthyvolunteerslacked.Theresearchersthentestedtheenoseonsebumtakenfrom12Parkinson’spatientsand12healthypeople.Thedevicewasfoundtobeabout71percentaccurateindistinguishinghealthysebumfromParkinson’ssebum.Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforetheenoseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikeraceaffecttheenose’sperformanceinanyway.Butfornow,asthenumberofpeoplelivingwithParkinson’sintheU.S.isexpectedtoriseto1.2millionby2030,anosemightbethebestoptiontodetectthisdisease.13．WhatmakesitdifficultforParkinson’spatientstogeteffectivetreatment?A．Itsmedicationsareinshortsupply.B．Itinvolvesirreversibleneuronloss.C．Itsearlysignsarenoteasytonotice.D．It’snotacurablediseasemedically.14．WhatdidtheScottishnursefind?A．Herhusband’sbodygaveoffastrangesmell.B．Herhusbandhadaheightenedsenseofsmell.C．Asmellcausedherhusbandtosufferfromadisease.D．Asmellcouldrelieveherhusband’sParkinson’ssymptoms.15．Whatwilltheresearchersdoconcerningtheirinvention?A．Putitintoclinicaluse.B．Conductabroadertest.C．Createmorelabmodels.D．ExpanditsmarketoutsidetheU.S.16．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ThisenosecansmellParkinson’sB．Parkinson’spatientsproducemoresebumC．PeoplelivingwithParkinson’sareontheriseD．ResearchershavefoundtreatmentforParkinson’s二、七选五（共10分）Springandsummerarethebestseasonsoftheyearforlotsofactivities,especiallyjogging(慢跑).Thiskindofrunningisthechoiceofmanypeoplewholiveinthecity,workintheofficeandwanttokeephealthy.___17___1.Makegoodpreparationsbeforejogging.___18___There,you’llhaveanopportunitytofindandbuyallthenecessarysportsware.Payattentiontotheselectionofjoggingshoes,ifyoudon’twanttosufferfromthefeelingofheaviness,painandlegswellingaftertherun.Withallthesepiecesofwisdom.yourbodywillbetrulygratefultoyou.2.DofittingwarmingupactivitiesEveryrunner,especiallythebeginnersshouldknowthatallphysicalactivitieswithoutproperwarmingupcancauseaterriblepainandresultinharmtomuscles.Itwillprobablyleadtoafinaldisfortinyourbodyorevendisease.____19____Actually,itusuallyjusttakesyou15minutestoincreasetherangeofmotionofourjointsandwarmupeverymuscleofthebody.3.____20____Whenrunning,youusuallyfeelphysicalandmentalpleasure.Sometimesthispleasurecanbereplacedbynegativefeelingsorevensomekindofpain.Nomatterhowhealthyyou’re,youshouldalwayspayattentiontohowyourbodyreacts.Ifsomethingiswrongduringyourjogorrun,thebodywillcertainlyletyouknowbygivingyousomehints(暗示).Watchfulnesscanhelpyouavoidallpossibleaftereffectsofoverexercise.Everytypeofsportisspecialandusefulinitsownway.Whilejoggingcansometimesbringpainanddisfort,itreallyoffersyougreaterjoyandsatisfaction.Sodon’tstepback.___21___Ihopethesetipswillhelpyouprepareyourselfforjoggingandavoidanyseriousissues.A．Listentoyourbodysignals.B．NevergiveintodifficultieswhilejoggingC．However,joggingwithoutpreparationwillbringgreatharm.D．Oneofthebestwaystoprepareistogotospecialized(专门的)shops.E．Justgoinforjogging,butremembertofollowtheaboverulesF．Therefore,youshouldmakeitahabittowarmupbeforejoggingG．Herearesomebasicrulestomakejoggingsafe,usefulandfortable三、完形填空（共30分）GroupCenteredSocietiesHaveJustasMuchCreativityWhatdoesculturehavetodowithcreativity?Theanswercouldbe“alot”.Fordecades,psychologiststryingtounderstandtherootsofcreativeimaginationshavelookedatthewaysinwhichtwodifferenttypesofculturescanetohaveaneffectoveritsartisticand____22____output.Individualisticculturesencouragepeopletobeuniqueandto____23____theirowninterestsevenifdoingsoesatacosttothegroupoverall.Collectivisticculturesarebasedonrelationshipsanddutiestootherpeople.Thesetypesofculturesoften____24____theindividual’swantsfortheneedsofthosewhoareclosetothemorforthoseintheirmunity.Individualismhaslongbeenthoughttohaveacreative____25____.Individualists____26____socialconvention,thelogicgoes,andthatpushbacksupportsinnovation.Forinstance,aroundtheworld,individualisticcultureshavemorepatentsthancollectivisticculturesdo.____27____,anewstudysuggeststhattheseideasaboutcultureandcreativitycouldbeoffbase.Peopleincollectivisticculturesactuallydobetterwithaparticulartypeofcreativethinkingthanthoseinindividualisticcultures.Andthefindingsoverallrevealtheshortingsofthinkingaboutinnovationtoo____28____.ThenewworkesfromparingmunitiesindifferentpartsofChina.Thoughitscoreshigh,asanation,onmeasuresofcultural____29____,China’s1.4billionpeoplearemorethanjustasingleculture.PeoplefromareasnorthoftheYangtzeRivertendtobemore____30____,opentostrangersandselfconfident,whereaspeoplealongtheriverandfarthersouthareoftenmoreinterdependent,partialtofriendsoverstrangersandlikelytotryharderto_____31_____.Inthenewcreativitystudy,researchersinvestigatedinnovationwiththesetwogroupsinmind.Theteamusedadrawingtestthathadbeencreatedbypsychologists.Theygavekidsasheetofpaperwithjustafewbasicelementsprintedonit:somedotshere,squiggles(弯曲的线条)there,andarectanglethatsuggestedadrawingframe.Thechildrengot15minutestousetheelementsalreadyonthepagetodrawwhatevertheywanted.Theycouldget“adaptivecreativity”pointsfordoodlinginwaysthatconnectedthesquigglesandlinesintoanoriginaland_____32_____image.Inaddition,ajudgecheckedwhetherthechildrenchosetoincorporateasmallshapethatcouldbefoundjustoutsidetherectangular.Thiselementwaseasyto_____33_____,sothosewhoincludedthisoutsidetheboxdetailcouldgetpointsfor“boundarybreakingcreativity.”Theresearchersgavethetestto683middleschoolstudentsfromnorthandsouthoftheYangtzeRiver.Whenthescientistsgotthescoresback,theydiscoveredthattherewerenodifferencesinthechildren’soverallcreativity.Whentheybrokedowntheresultsintoponents,theyfoundthatstudentsfromcollectivisticregionsscored_____34_____inadaptivecreativitywhilethosefromindividualisticareasdidbetterinboundarybreakingcreativity.Thefindingsarealsoawarningagainstculturalchauvinism(极端民族主义).Westerncountrieshavetendedtoleadthewayininnovation—atleastasdefinedbythemetrics(指标)weWesternershavecreated.Perhapswehavebeen_____35_____China’sadaptivecreativity.Forexample,whilethecountrymaynothaveinventedtheassemblyline,itislargelythankstothe_____36_____itspeoplehavemadetothissystemthatthecountryhassuchathrivingmanufacturingsectortoday.22．A．theoretical B．inventive C．productive D．regular23．A．prioritize B．deprive C．tolerate D．abandon24．A．satisfy B．stimulate C．cherish D．sacrifice25．A．shelter B．edge C．border D．alternative26．A．embrace B．propose C．resist D．create27．A．However B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Moreover28．A．broadly B．objectively C．seriously D．narrowly29．A．individualism B．identity C．collectivism D．flexibility30．A．selfish B．collective C．individualistic D．realistic31．A．fallapart B．fitin C．givein D．showoff32．A．separate B．ugly C．unified D．tiny33．A．catch B．miss C．target D．misuse34．A．higher B．averagely C．lower D．vaguely35．A．capturing B．approaching C．imitating D．overlooking36．A．improvements B．drawbacks C．insights D．attempts四、短文改错（共10分）37．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Myfriendtravelstomanyplaceswhenshewasyoung.Butshecan’tdriveitnowduetoaproblemwithherhand.Onthephoneshesaidshewantedtogoandseethegardenswithfullblooms.Sowedrovetothegardenonthesideofthemountainandspentahappierdaythere.Afterseethebeautifulflowers,wehadteaandsnackstogetheronbenchesoverlookingthewidemountainandskylandscape.Itwaslovelytolistenforhertalkaboutherschoollife.Atschoolshehadsubjectssuchascooking,baking,orcrafting.ShewasdelightedtotalkandwhatdelightedIwastohearabouthercolorfullylife!五、根据课文内容填空（共10分）课本原文填空。ThestoresintheChinatownoffer____38____souvenirs,goods,andclothing.Allkindsof____39____canbefound,too,andthereareChineseteastores,wherevisitorscantasteandbuy____40____Chinesetea.Butperha