初中直接引语与间接引语用法总结与练习

初中直接引语与间接引语用法总结与练习（无答案）引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出别人的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把别人的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：

Johnsaid,"I'mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."

JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：

1．直接引语是陈述句时

间接引语为that引导的宾语从句，主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。

Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI."-'Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.2.直接引语是疑问句时

变成间接引语时，间接引语用陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。若主句的谓语动词本身就为ask，则变为间接引语时ask不必再变化。

（1）一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。

Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"

→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.

Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven'tyou?"

→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.（2）选择疑问句变为whether….or宾语从句。

Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"

→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"→HeaskedmewhereIlived.3.直接引语是祈使句时

变为间接引语时，间接引语用不定式，主句的谓语动词say应根据直接引语的口气换成ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise，invite这些动词。即ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise，invitesb(not)todosth..Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.注意：若是祈使句的否定形式，那么don't变为not.

Hisfathersaidtohim,"Don'tleavethedooropen."→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.4.[注意]：（1）有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist等动词加以转述。例如：

Hesaid,"Let'sgotothetheatre."

→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.

(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.

→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.

"Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked.

→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.

"Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked.

→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.（此部分不做特别要求）5.直接引语是感叹句时

变为间接引语时，间接引语还为what或how引导，但也可以用that引导。

Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"

→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.

6．如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化（变为过去的某种时态）：

（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时

（2）现在进行时变为过去进行时

（3）一般将来时变为过去将来时

（4）现在完成时变为过去完成时

（5）一般过去时变为过去完成时

（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时7．直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词的变化。（1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称。Eg，Hesaid，“mymotherisadoctor.”—hesaidhismotherisadoctor.(2)直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称。Eg，“youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”hetoldtoldmethatIshouldbemore…….（3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换为第三人称。Eg，shetoldherstudent,“Iwillcheckyourhomework.”---shetoldherstudentthatshewouldcheckhis/herhomework.8.直接引语转换为间接引语时的一些词的变化表。Will---would；This---these；these---those；Here---there；bring---take；come---gonow---then；today---thatday；thisweek(month)---thatweek(month)

yesterday---thedaybefore；lastweek(month)----theweek(month)before；threedays(ayear)ago---threedays(ayear)before；Tomorrow---thenext(following)day；nextweek(month)----thenext(following)week(month)

[注意]：（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."

→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过去时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。

Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."

→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和现在同样生效，也就是说是不随时间的变化而改变时，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

Hesaid,"I'maboy,notagirl."

→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."

→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.(5)如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。

Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."

→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词must,need,hadbetter以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。

Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."

→TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.

Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."

→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.（7）当直接引语是名人名言或谚语时，从句时态不变。Hesaid,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”→Hesaidwherethereisawill，thereisaway.专项练习：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.Shetoldme___________________himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He____________Iwasinterestdin______.I.请将下列直接引语改为间接引语。1.“I'mgladtoreceiveyoure-mail,”saidhe.________________________________________________2.Hesaidtome,“Areyougoinghomethisweekend?”________________________________________________3.“Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?”saidshe.________________________________________________4.Shesaidtome,“Don'trideinthestreet.”________________________________________________5.“Standwhereyouare!”thepolicesaidtotheyoungman.________________________________________________II.请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。1．Shesaid,“Areyoufromthesouth?”Sheasked________I________fromthesouth.2.Momsaidtome,“Don'ttellalie.”Mom________me________________tellalie.3．Susansaidtome,“WevisitedtheRedStarFarmlastweek.”Susantoldmethat________________________theRedStarFarm________________________.4．MrPaulsaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”MrPaul________usthatlight________fasterthansound.5．“Goandposttheletters,”themanagersaidtohim.Themanager________him________________andposttheletters.1.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou?”sheasked.

→Sheasked________.

A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyou

B.whetherIhadalreadygotwell

C.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell.

2.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”

→Heaskedme_________.

A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

B.wasIaParty