2022年考研外语考试真题及答案89

2022年考研外语考试真题及答案

一、选择题

1、第1题：请选择⑴处最佳答案（）。

A.selected

B.prepared

C.obliged

D.pleased

2、第2题请选择⑵处最佳答案（）o

A.unique

B.particular

C.special

D.rare

3、第3题请选择⑶处最佳答案（）o

A.of

B.with

C.in

D.against

4、第4题请选择（4）处最佳答案（）o

A.subsequently

B.presently

C.previously

D.lately

5、第5题请选择⑸处最佳答案（）o

A.Only

B.So

C.Even

D.Hence

6、第6题请选择（6）处最佳答案（）。

A.thought

B.sight

C.cost

D.risk

7、第7题请选择⑺处最佳答案（）o

A.advises

B.suggests

C.protests

D.objects

8、第8题请选择⑻处最佳答案（）o

A.progress

B.fact

C.need

D.question

9、第9题请选择(9)处最佳答案()。

A.attaining

B.common

C.mean

D.calculating

10、第10题请选择（10）处最佳答案（）o

A.normal

B.common

C.mean

D.total

11、第11题请选择（11）处最佳答案（）。

A.unconsciously

B.disproportionately

C.indefinitely

D.unaccountably

12、第12题请选择（12）处最佳答案（）。

A.missions

B.fortunes

C.interests

D.careers

13、第13题请选择（13）处最佳答案（）。

A.affirm

B.witness

C.observe

D.approve

14、第14题请选择（14）处最佳答案（）o

A.moreover

B.therefore

C.however

D.meanwhile

15、第15题：请选择（15）处最佳答案（）o

16、第16题请选择（16）处最佳答案（）0

A.assessing

B.supervising

C.administering

D.valuing

17、第17题请选择（17）处最佳答案（）0

A.development

B.origin

C.consequence

D.instrument

18、第18题请选择（18）处最佳答案（）0

A.linked

B.integrated

C.woven

D.combined

19、第19题请选择（19）处最佳答案（）。

A.limited

B.subjected

C.converted

D.directed

20、第20题请选择（20）处最佳答案（）o

A.paradoxical

B.incompatible

C.inevitable

D.continuous

二、阅读理解（1）

1、第21题：Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe

firsttwoparagraphs?

A.Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

B.Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

C.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

D.Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwith

stress.

2^第22题：Dr.Yehuda、'\'sresearchsuggeststhatwomen

A.Needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

B.Havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

C.Aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

D.Areexposedtomorestress.

3、

AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendsto

e

A.domesticandtemporary.

B.irregularandviolent.

C.durableandfrequent.

D.trivialandrandom.

4、第24题ThesentenceIlivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.

(Line6,Para.5)showsthat

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarez''ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

5、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

6、依据下列文章，回答26〜30题。

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworking

togetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheir

researchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovethe

authorsnamesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsenditto

theirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,the

editorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.

Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchers

seekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothe

journal.

Nolonger.TheInternetandpressurefromfundingagencies,

whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoney

fromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-

ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.The

OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)

hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reaching

consequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoria

UniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makes

heavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsome

profits.Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangein

whathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublic

investmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistribution

andreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness.InAmerica,thecore

scientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billion

and$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,

TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan

2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.

Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome

16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some

75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusiness

modelsareemerging;threemaininstitutionalsubscriberspay

foraccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthrough

site-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-accesspublishing,

typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)

topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereare

open-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversities

orinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutional

repositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthese

three,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonly

subscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,before

makingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.

Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalform,ofthepeer-review

process,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

第26题Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses

A.thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.

B.thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.

C.therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.

D.thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.

7、

WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?

A.Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.

B.Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.

C.Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.

D.Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.

8、

Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantin

that

A.itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.

B.itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.

C.itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.

D.itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.

9、

Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaper

isrequiredto

A.coverthecostofitspublication.

B.subscribetothejournalpublishingit.

C.allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.

D.completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.

10、第30题Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemain

ideaofthepassage?

A.TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.

B.Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.

C.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.

D.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.

11、依据下列文章，回答31〜35题。

Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythree

playersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listed

atoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,he

wouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessional

sportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagers

havebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthe

growingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognized

reality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Though

typicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,

today''speople-especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohave

livedintheU.S.formanygenerations-apparentlyreached

theirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren,tlikelytoget

anytaller.Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,

environmentallevel,we''veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecan

go,saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightState

University.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheight

appearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeof

recruitingplayersfromallovertheworld.

Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,

demandscaloriesandnutrients-notably,protein-tofeed

expandingtissues.Atthestartofthe20thcentury,

under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.But

asdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,on

average,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery

20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight.Yet

accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,

averageheight-5*9"formen,5'4"forwomen-hasn''treally

changedsince1960.

Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoiding

substantialheight.Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemore

difficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreover,even

thoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeet

andbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannot

easilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs.

Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegenetic

architectureoftheindividualorganism,saysanthropologist

WilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.

Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon，'texpectthisto

happensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistatthe

ArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass,ensuresthat90percent

oftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithout

alteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,the

lengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.And

ifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesign

apieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,youcould

usetoday'sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.

第31题WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto

A.illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.

B.showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S...

C.comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.

D.assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.

12、

Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowth

accordingtothetext?

A.Geneticmodification.

B.Naturalenvironment.

C.Livingstandards.

D.Dailyexercise.

13、

Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormost

probablyagree?

A.Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.

B.Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.

C.Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.

D.Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.

14、

Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture

A.thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniform,size.

B.thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.

C.genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.

D.theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.

15、

Thetextintendstotellusthat

A.thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.

B.humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.

C.Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.

D.thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.

16、依据下列文章，回答36〜40题。

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnited

States,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohe

hiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw-having

extractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.

That,safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-chopping

Georgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks.But

recently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontheroles

slaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.They

havebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,

whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredat

leastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings.Andonlyoverthe

past30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottom

up.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromises

madebythenation，searlyleadersandthefragilenatureof

thecountry，sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmany

oftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong-andyetmost

didlittletofightit.

Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswere

hamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonand

Jeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalso

understoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomic

bedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.

Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithits

slaves.Owningslaveswas“likehavingalargebankaccount,“

saysWiencek,authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,

HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.Thesouthernstates

wouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsfor

the“peculiarinstitution,includingaclausethatcounteda

slaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressional

representation.

Andthestatesmen'spolitical1ivesdependedonslavery.

Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictory

inthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesof

thesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege.Onceinoffice,

JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;

thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslave

states.

Still,JeffersonfreedHemings，schildren-thoughnot

Hemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves.

Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreated

equalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduring

theRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhis

relativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Only

adecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislative

approvalinVirginia.

第36题GeorgeWashington，sdentalsurgeryismentionedto

A.showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthep