2022年中考英语专题复习导学案：时态专题

2022年中考英语专题复习导学案：时态专题一、一般现在时

注：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需加-s或-es：

规则1._____________________2._________________________3._______________________注意：动词have的第三人称单数是has.

写出下列动词的单数第三人称形式。

cook

6.

enjoy

______7.

go

_______8

receive

_________10.

close

_______11.

drive

______12.

choose

______13.

play

________14.

reach

_____一般现在时的用法：

表经常发生的事作或状态，常用的频度副词有：

always、often、

usually、seldom、never。Eg.SheoftensingswiththebandCrazyBoy.2.表内心活动感情等don'tthinkyouareright.

3.描述客观真理、自然现象、格言警句等eg.Birdsflyinthesky.Pride

goes

before

a

fall.

骄者必败。4.表计划或预定的行为art,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take

place等。egThetrainleavesat9:00tomorrowmorning.5.表示现在的状态。My

father

worksinafactory.He

is

very

busy.

6.表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。Ann

writes

good

English

but

does

not

speak

well.具体情况（主要用于下面几情况）1)描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频：always,everyday,often,onceaweek(month,year,etc.),sometimes,seldom,usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：eautifulflowers.(she)ecollectingstamps.(Ben)listentomusiccarefully.(myaunt)likemakingamodelship.(Helen)3）写出下列动词的相应形式

II.用所给动词的适当形式填空：

1．I________(write)toyouassoonasI_______(get)toLondon.

2.Hedoean'welland____________(noteat)anyfoodthismorning.

3.He_________(see)mecomein,forhe______(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.

4.I_________(l;et)youhavethebookassoonasI_________(finish)it.

5.Whilewe________(wait)forourteacher,alittleboy______(run)uptous.III单项选择：

stuwillgototheSummerPalaceifit_____tomorrow.

'trainB.doesn'trainC.won'train

2.There___anEnglishfilmnextweek.

A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.wasgoingtobe

3.Thepicture_______nice.

lookedlooking

4.She______downandsoonfellasleep.

A.liveB.lainC.laidD.lay

5.They_____theofficeatnineyesterdaymorning.

A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.wentD.getto

6.WeshallShanghaionbusinessbeforeyou_____backnextweek.

A.wilcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.come

7.Don'tsmokeuntiltheplane______off.

B.tooktakentake

8.Isawher__roomthismorning.

enterB.enteredC.enterD.enters

teaskedus______toschoolontime.A.tocome

10.Johnisa______others.

A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp

二、一般过去时时间状语：ago,yes,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlong等。2.动词原形以ow／aw结尾，过去式常变为ew。know—knew,grow—grew,throw—threw,draw—drew等。但是也有一些例外，例如：show—showed。3.许多动词只要将动词原形中的元音字母i改为a，就可变为过去式。begin—began,gve,sing—sang,swim—swam,sit—sat,drink—drank,ring—rang但是win—won例外。4．有些动词的过去式以o(a)ught结尾。bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught上述动词过去式究竟是以oughtt结尾，只要记住“有a则a，无a则o”即可。即:原形中有a的，过去式变为aught，否则为ought。5．以eep结尾的动词，常将eep改为ept构成过去式。keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept一般过去时的用法1）表示过去某个时间所发在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,justnow,theotherday,in1982等连用。在一般过去式中，要表达“过多少时间之后”，一般用after。Wheredidyougojustnow?Afterafewyears,shestartedtoplaythepiano.2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.3）表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。Thestudentsgotupearlyinthemorning,didmorningexercisesandthenreadEnglishaloudintheopenair.4）有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况，实际是过去发生的，也应用过去时态。Hownicetoseeyouhere!Ithoughtyouwereout.另外，还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。.Couldyoulendmeyourpen?特殊用法（一般过去时表现在）(1)在宾语从句中，由于时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在：Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在这儿。(were实际上指现在)Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy．我没想到你这么忙。(were实际上指现在)(2)表示客气委婉的现在：Iwonderedifyouwerefreethisevening.不知您今晚是否有空。Ithoughtyoumightlikesomeflowers.我想您也许想要些花。【注】能这样有的动词主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少数动词。(3)用于某些特殊结构中表示现在：It’stimewestarted.我们该动身了。IwishIknewhisname.要是我知道他的名字就好了。I’dratheryoulivedclosertous.我希望你能住得离我们近点。【注】该用法主要用于it’stime,Iwish,I’drather,ifonly,asif,等少数结构后接从句的情形，其中有些结构后面的句子还可用一般过去时表示将来：I’dratheryoucamenextMonday.我宁愿你下周星期一来。另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：IfIhadthemoneynowI’dbuyacar.假若我现在有钱，我就买辆小汽车。练习：1.—DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?—_____________A.No,hedirgothereB.No,hehasnevergonehereC.No,heneverwasthereD.No,he’sneverbeenthere2.--I’msorrhavemissedthebus.It_________fiveminutesago.--WhatapA.wasleavingB.hasleft C.leftD.leaves3.--Mr.Johnson,wehavefoundyourwatch.--Mywatch！Thankyou.Where____it?A.doyoufindB.haveyoufoundC.didyoufindD.wereyoufinding4.LastweekJohn_____hisleg.A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbroken5.Jack_________histhickcoatbecauseitwassnowing.注意：1、时间，条件状语从句中，从句一般是主将从现。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgocamping.2、Therebe结构的一般将来时（近主语原则）TherewillbeThereis/aregoingtobe具体情况（主要用于下面几情况）主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：1）shall/w动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作”。例如：Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.我明天没空。2)be(am/is/are)+going+不定式这种表示方法主要是说明A）“说话人的意图、打算”；B）“某种可能性”。例如：A)HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.他打算在伦敦度假。B)Itisgoingtorainsoon.马上要下雨了。3)用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”。Theplanetakesoffat11:00.那架飞机上午十一点起飞。练习：1.Mr.Smith_______atalkoncountrymusicnextMonday.3Mary'hdayisnextMonday,hermother_____（give）herapresent.4.Itisverycoldthesedays.It______（snow）soon.5Iamafraidthere______（be）ameetingthisafternoon.Ican'tjoinyou.6.Mike______（believe,not）thisuntilhe______（see）itwithhisowneyes.7.Mostofusdon'tthinktheirteam______（win）.四、把下列各句译成英语1．我叔叔今晚要来。2．他没有打算住那座小屋。3．我们要读这本书。4．-你爸爸要去钓鱼吗？-不。

四、过去将来时时间状语：tomorrow,ay(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.基本结构would,was/weregoingto,was/wereto，was/wereaboutto等+do基本用法1.宾语从句或间接引语中egHedidn'texpectthatwewouldallbethere.2.表示过去习惯性的动作egDuringthatperiod,hewoulddothiseveryday3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句om]A)ShetoldmethatshewouldgoontriptoEuropethenextday.她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。Hedidn'texpectthatwewouldallbethere.他没料到我们会全在那儿。B)Duringthatperiod,hewoulddomorningexerciseseveryday.在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。Whenevhadtime,hewouldhelphismotherwithsomehousework.无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。C)Nomatterhowdifficulttheworkwas,hewouldkeepondoingituntilheaccomplishedit.不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。练习题I.选择填空1.LiMingsaidhe_____happyifBrian_____toChinanextmonth.A.as;cB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come2.Jennysaidshe_____herholidayinChina.A.spentBdspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend3.—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?

—Hetoldmethathe______theDisneyWorldthenextday.A.willvisit

B.hasvisited

C.isgoingtovisit

D.wouldvisit4.Ihope______tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.A.tocome

B.iscomingC.willcome

D.wascoming5.Fathersaidthathe______metoBeijingthenextyear.A.took

B.wouldtakeC.takes

D.willtake6.Wewerenotsurewhetherthey______morevegetables.A.aregoingtogrow

B.weregoingtogrowC.willgrow

D.havegrown7.She______rkwhenthetelephonerang.A.isgoing

B.willgo

C.wasabouttogo

D.

istogoII.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.MissZhangsaidshe________(visit)theGreatWallnextsummer.2.Shetoldhimthatshe________(notstay)hereforlong.3.Iwasn’tsurewhetherLucy_______(come)thenextyear.4.Thescientistssaidtheworld’spopulation_______(slow)downinfuture.5.Shesaidthebus_______(leave)atfivethenextmorning.6.Iwasnewhetherhe_______(lend)mehisbookthenextmorning.7.Hewasfifty-six.Intwoyearshe_______(be)fifty-eight.8.Whenevershehastime,she______(help)themintheirwork.五、现在进行时时间状语：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.注：动词V-ing的构成形式写出下列动词的现在分词形式。

1、shop

2、relax

3、jump

4、make

5、have

6、talk

7、tie

8、run

9、swim

10、cry

11、come

12、watch

现在进行时的用法：1)表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,rightnow,atthismoment等时间状语连用。例如：Wearewaitingforyounow.我们正在等你。2)表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr.iswritinganothernovel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）Heisthinkingaboutthisproblemthesedays.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。3)表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always,constantly,forever等词连用，往往带有说话人的赞许、批评等主观色彩。例如：Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改变主意。4)表示渐变，这样的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如：Theleavesareturningred.叶子在变红。It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天越来越热了。5)表示一个在最近按进行的动作。多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词，如：go,come,leave,arrive,see,have,lunch(吃午饭),return,dine(进餐，尤指晚餐),work,sleep,stay,play,do,wear(穿，戴)等。等。例如：--Tom,

supper

is

ready.

Come

quickly.

-OK.

I'm

coming.

注意：表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有love,

like,

hate,

want,

hope,

need,

wish,

know,

understand,

remember,

belong,

hear,

see,

seem,

have(有),

sound(听起来),

taste（尝起来）等。

练习：1.--Wherermother,Helen?--She________theflowersinthegarden.A.watersB.wateredC.iswateringD.haswatered2.--Hurryup!It'stimetoleave.--OK,________.A.I'mcomingB.I'llcomeC.I'vecomeD.Icome3.--ShallweinviteTomtoplayfootballnow?--Oh,no.Hehisclothes.A.iswashingB.washesC.haswashedD.washed--Mum,_______shallwehavelunch?--Wewillhaveitwhenyourdad_________.A.when;returnsB.where;returnsC.where;willreturnD.when;willreturn5.--TowillbeFather'sDay.Whatwillyoudoforyourfather?--Iwillsay"Iloveyou,Daddy"assoonashe_______up.A.willwakeB.iswakingC.wakesD.woke6.Ourteachersaidlight____fasterthansound.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.istravellingD.travels7.--Let'ishingifit_______thisweekend.--Butnobodyknowsifit_______.A.isfine,willrainB.willbefine,rainsC.isfine,rainsD.willbefine,willrain8.--Isyourfatdoctor?--Yes,heis.He________inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.worksD.worked9.Thesun______intheeast.A.isalwaysrisingB.alwaysisrisingC.risesalwaysD.alwaysrises10.e________abookaboutNewYork.Idon’tthinkhewillfinishit.A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.iswriting11.Zhaalotofhouseworkeveryevening,butnowhe________hisschoolmateswiththeirlessons.A.does;helpsB.does;ishelpingC.doing;helpsD.doing;helping12.Please

don’t

leave

the

office

until

your

friend____back.

A.came

B.comes

C.have

come

D.will

come13.Listen

!ne______in

the

next

room

.

A.cried

B.crying

C.is

crying

D.has

cried

must

tm

the

news

as

soon

as

you______him.

A.see

B.sees

C.will

see

D.is

seeing

15.BruceoriteslettersinEnglish.（用now改写句子）16.Tinaoftendoesherhomeworkintheevening.（对划线部分提问）17.Sheliayingvolleyballatschool.（对划线部分提问）18.Myfatherisatwork.(同义句)19.TomiswaTVwithhisgrandpa.（一般疑问句及回答）20.Heinahospital.（一般疑问句及回答）特殊用法（现在进行时用法之表将来）现在进行时表将来，主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作：They’regettingmarriednextmonth.他们下个月结婚。现在进行时与一般现在时均可表示将来，区别是：用现在进行时表示将来，其计划性较强，并往往暗示一种意图；而一般现在时表示将来，则其客观性较强，即通常被视为客观事实，多指按时刻表或规定要发生的情况：I’mnotgoingoutthisevening.今晚我不准备出去。Whattimedoesthetrainleave?火车什么时候开?

练习题写出下列动词的现在分词：play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________write_________read________have____g_______dance____put______see_____buy______love__________live______take________come________get________stop________sit________begin_____shop________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：boy__________________(draw)apicturenow.

2.Listen.Somegirls__________(sing)intheclassroom.

3.Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?

5.Look.They_____________(have)anEnglishlesson.三、句型转换：aredoinghousework.(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)

①__________________________________________

②______________________________________2．I'mpthefootballintheplayground.(改为否定句)___________________________________3．Tomisreadiksinhisstudy.(改为一般疑问句)___________________________________四、时态提高题一.填空题1．Mr_______________(read)abooknow.2.Therabbits

_________________(jump)now.3..Look!TomandJohn___________(swim).4.Mybrother__________(make)akiteinhisroomnow.5.Loebus_______________(stop).6.We_______________(have)anEnglishclassnow.7.Listen!Someoneis__________________(come).8.They___________________(catch)butterfliesnow.9.He

_______________(do)anexperimentnow.10.They

_______________(collect)stampsnow.二、造句1).she,thewipen,now.(用现在进行时连词成句.)_______________2).is,who,thewindow,cleaning?(连词成句)______________________3).Sheisclosingthedoornow.(改成否定句)______________________三、用现在进行时完成下列句子:(do)?

(sing)anEnglishsong.(mend)?

(mend)acar.六、过去进行时时间状语：atthiyesterday,atthattime，或以when/while引导的时间状语从句（谓语动词是一般过去时）过去进行时的用法：1.表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。Iwashavingashoweratthattime.

那时我正冲澡。2.

表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。Iwasreadingthenewspaperwhenthedoorbellrang.

3.

过去进行时在语境中的运用。Shedidn'thearthedoorbell.Shewaslisteningtotheradio.

她没听见门铃响，她在听收音机。注：与

always,forever,frequently

等副词连用，可表示某种感情的色彩。如：Shewasforevercomplaining.

她老是抱怨。(厌烦)Shewasalwaysthinkingofothers.

她老是想到别人。(赞扬)4.在复合句中，若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的，那么主从句都可用过去进行。JennywasreadingwhileDannywaswriting.通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree,be,believe,belong,care,forget,hate,have(拥有),hear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,own,remember,seem,suppose,understand,want,wish等。例如：误：Iwasknowingtheanswer.正：Iknewtheanswer.我知道答案。误：Iwasn’tunderstandinghim.正：Ididn’tunderstandhim.我不明白他的意思。6.用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况。过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”，所以，在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”，从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如：Oneniewastypinginhisstudy.Suddenly,amanbrokeintohishouseandcutofftheelectricity….一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源……7.（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如：WhenNationalDaywascomingnear,theybegantomakeaplanfortheholiday.国庆节即将来临的时候，他们开始制订度假计划。ShetoldmshewasgoingtoHainanforherholiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。8.过去进行时用法之表将来，用过去进行时表示现在，主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。如：--Oh,we_______someshoppinginthesupermarket.A.havedoneB.didC.weredoingD.aredoing2.--Whatdoyouthinkofthecolourofmynewdress?--Sorry,butwhatdidyousay?I_________aboutsomethingelse.A.thinkB.thoughtC.amthinkingD.wasthinking3.ImyhomeworkwhilemyparentsTVlastnight.A.did;havewatchedB.wasdoing;werewatchingC.haddone;werewatchingD.woulddo;werewatching4.IcalledHannahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn'tgetthrough.Herbrother___onthephoneallthetime!

A.wastalking

B.hasbeentalking

C.hastalked

D.talked5.Idon'tbyou'vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook—I_____ittoyouthismorning!A.wouldlend

B.waslending

C.hadlent

D.lent6.—IsawJdherboyfriendintheparkateightyesterdayevening.

—Impossible.She

TVwithmeinmyhomethen.A.watched

B.hadwatched

C.wouldwatch

D.waswatching7.—Whatdthinkofthemovie?

—It'sfantastic.TheonlypityisthatI__________thebeginningofit.一、用动词的适当形式填空1.Whilewe__________(wait)forthebus,agirl__________(run)uptous.2.I__________(telephone)afriendwhenBob__________(come)in.3.Jim__________(jump)onthebusasit__________(move)away.4.We________(test)thenewmachinewhentheelectricity_______(go)off.5.She________(notwant)tostayinbedwhiletheothers________(all,work)inthefields.二、选择题______cookedamealwhenyou_____me.a.,wereringing

b.wascooking,rang

c.wascooking,wereringing

d.cooked,range_____todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.a.tries

b.tried

c.wastrying

d.willtryshe______TV,she______asoundoutsidetheroom.a.waswg,washearing

b.watched,washearingc.watched,heard

d.waswatching,heard_____afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.a.werewg

b.watch

c.watched

d.arewatchingbook____you______whenI____youatfouryesterdayafternoon?a.did,rasseeing

b.did,read,sawc.were,reading,saw

d.were,reading,wasseeingwasFridayevening.MrandMrs.Green___readytoflytoEngland.a.aregetting

b.get

c.weregetting

d.gotFeng_____always_____ofotherswhenhe______inthearmy.a.is,thinking,was

b.was,thinking,is

c.did,think,is

d.was,thinking,wasgirl______mypenfalloffthetablewhenshe_____me.a.saw,passed

b.wasseeing,passedc.wasseeing,passedd.wasseeing,waspassing____fortomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus______.a.werewawaiting

b.werewaiting,wait

c.waited,waiting

d.waited,wait____hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.a.helps

b.wouldhelp

c.washelping

d.ishelping七、现在完成时时间状语：recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,etc.动词过去分词的构成：动词过去分词的规则变化与过去式的规则变化相同；不规则变化的需要我们单独记忆，记住常见动词的过去分词，例如：dosayheargohavesleepfindgetcutputeatbuycomereadpaythinkbringtell现在完成时的用法：1.表示过去成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already,yet,ever,never,just，before等词连用。Youhavealreadygrownmuchtaller.2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，常用的有：for＋一段时间；since+过去时间点或从句。（Since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度），提问用Howlong.Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.TheyhavelearnedEnglishfornineyears.3、现在完成时需注意的问题：1）表示短暂性的动词（瞬间动词）不能与表示一段时间的状语连用注意：非延续性动词（瞬间动词）的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。（错）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（对）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.2）不能和明确的过去时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek,in1998,twodaysago等。3）have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的区别：hsbeentohave/hasgoneto4）比较一般过去时与现在完成时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态，强调动作，不和现在发生联系，常与具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，；现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，不能与表过去的时间状语连用。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.（强调他是团员）练习：1.Youhave_____atallyoungman.A.grownB.grownintoC.grewD.grownup2.Hehas____thewatchforayear.A.buyB.boughtC.haveD.had3.I_____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept4.Haveyou_____totheGreatWall?It'sverybeautiful.A.goneB.beenC.wentD.go5.Herbrother_____thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.hasbeeninD.wasin6.TheGreens___manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina.3)有些动词表动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有：be,believe,consist,find,forget,hate,have,hope,hear,know,like,love,notice,prefer,remember,see,seem,smell,suggest,taste,understand,want,wish,sitdown,standup等等。Be动词若是用于进行时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如：Tomisbeingagoodboytoday.汤姆今天很乖。Heisbeingchildish.他这样做是耍孩子气。Youarenotbeingmodest.你这样说不太谦虚。4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题A.凡是"完成时态"道也不管动作发生的具体时间,所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday,lastweek(month,year,etc.),twoweeksago,in1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如：just,before,already,often,never,ever,not…yet,always等等。B.在以when提问的能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。C.如果是的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示的"一段时间"的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用"Ithasbeen…；since…"的句式来表达。如：Hehasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.（错误）Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.（正确）

特殊用法（现在完成时用法之常用词语）在下列5种情形下用现在完成时态1十一词语①alrea定句中或句尾例:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 例：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾经 句中 例：Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never从不 句中 例：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just刚刚 句中 例：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾 例：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止 例：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久 例：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次 例：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?=10\*GB3⑩inthepast…years(在过去…年中)：InthepasttwoyearsI’veseenhimlittle.过去两年我很少见到他。Ihavebeenhere(for)thelastmonth.最近一个月里我都在这儿。【注】在一定的上下文里，若是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。11uptonow(到现在为止)：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。12It’sthefirsttimethat…(第一次…)：It’sthefirsttimeI’vecomehere.这是我第一次来这儿。2两词组 have<has>goneto去了某地例：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京) have<has>beento去过某地例：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京)3两结构fortwomonthsfor+一段时间 Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去的点时间LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+一般过去态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 例：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ 5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 Theyhaveplmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。重难点，必考在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 例：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（错）因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种：第五种改法必考 ①Hehasboughtthebook.. (去掉一段时间for3years) ②Heboughtthebook3yearsago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变) ③It’s3yeaceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook. （改为固定句型Itis---since---） ④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years. （改为否定句） ⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years. （用延续性动词have代替一次性动词buy）还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach改为behere 例：Ihavecomfor3years.（错） 改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go改为beaway 例：Hehasleftfor3hours.（错） 改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start改为beon 例：Thefilbegunfor3minutes.（错） 改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open改为beopen /close改为beclosed 例：Theasopenedfor3years.(错) 改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die改为bedead 例：Hisfathdiedfor3years.(错) 改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end改为beover 例：Hehashedtheworkfor3days.(错) 改为：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join 例：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（错） 改为：Ihaveinthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch改为 have 例：Ihaveboughbikefor3years.（错） 改为：Ihavehadthebikefor3years. 例：Heughtacoldfor3days.（错） 改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow改为keep 例：Ihaveborrowbookfor3years.（错） 改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.其它补充如下：brebroken\getup改为beup\marry改为bemarried\become改为be\lose改为belost延续性动词和终止性动词①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn\work\\lie\know\walk\keep\have\wait\watch\sing\read\sleep\live②终止性动词：也叫非瞬间动词，一次性动词，短暂性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leavet\setout\arrive\reach\getto\begin\stop\shut\turnoff\marry\put\puton\getup\wake\fall\join\meet\receive\finish\end\complete\become\come\go\die\open\close\break\give\jump\buy\borrow一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。 Hehasdiedforthreedays.（错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间forthreedays连用）

练习题一、单项选择

his

p

look

sad.Maybethey

__what's

happened

to

him.Ａ.

knew

Ｂ.

haveknown

Ｃ.

mustknow

Ｄ.willknow2、He

______been

to

Shanghai,has

he?Ａ.

already

Ｂ.never

Ｃ.ever

Ｄ.still3、Have

you

r

Li______？Ａ.

just

Ｂ.

ago

Ｃ.before

Ｄ.

amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyearＡ.is

writing

Ｂ.was

writing

Ｃ.wrote

Ｄ.has

written5、-Ourc

______alotsofar.-Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.has

changed;well

Ｂ.

changed;goodＣ.has

changed;betterＤ.

changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already

______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studying

Ｂ.will;studyＣ.has;studied

Ｄ.are;studying7、We______Xiao

Li

since

she

was

a

little

girl.Ａ.know

Ｂ.

had

known

Ｃ.have

known

Ｄ.

knew8、HarryPisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.

will

see

Ｂ.

have

seen

Ｃ.

saw

Ｄ.see9、-These

s

have

been

to

the

United

States.

-Really?When_____

there?Ａ.will

go

Ｂ.

did

they

goＣ.

do

they

go

Ｄ.

have

they

gone10、-______you___your

homework

yet?-Yes.I_____

it

a

moment

ago.A.HaveidB.DiddonedodonedidD.Dodoesdone二、句型转换1Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)Thisfactory

________fortwentyyears.2MissGaolhourago.

(同义句转换)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.3HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Her

mother_______the

Party

three

years

________.4TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同义句转换)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.5Thebusrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)

三、汉译英1她还没有看过那部新电影。2她去过上海。