2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语

绝密★启封并使用完毕前2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)本试卷共16页,共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分:听力理解(共三节,30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题分,共分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。例:Whatisthemangoingtoread?newspaper.magazine.book.答案是A。doesthemanwanttoborrow?pencil.eraser.pen.isthewomandoingnow?.home.groupstudy.doesthemanhaveforearthquakepreparation?candle. radio. flashlight.doestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?abank. ahotel. astore.willthemangoforhisholiday?. . .第二节(共10小题;每小题分,共15分)听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。doesthesupermarketcloseonSundays?5:00pm. 7:00pm. 8:00pm.havethetwospeakersdecidedtodonow?shopping. awalk. dinner.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。doesthemanmakethecall?makeabooking.makeasuggestion.makeanappointment.willthemanreturnfromLondon?March10. March12. March22.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。isthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?andteacher.andcustomer.andclerk.whichofthefollowingdayswillthewomanwork?. . .oftenwillthewomanhaveon-the-jobtraining?aweek. amonth. ayear.听第9段材料,回答第13至15题。isthespeakermainlytalkingabout?materials.activities.inthetimetable.willthefirstclassbetoday?. . .groupwillmeetonFriday?debatinggroup.handballgroup.musicgroup.第三节(共5小题;每小题分,共分)听下面一段对话,完成第16至20五道小题,每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前,你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题,听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。CustomerServiceFormRoomNo.16

NameGeorge17

PhoneNo.61-293-312097EventBookinga(n)18

Leaving:1:20pmfromthehoteltotheMQ19

Returning:8:00pmwaiting20theMQandthenbacktohotel

第二部分:知识运用(共两节,45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,共15分)从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例:It’ssonicetohearfromheragain.,welastmetmorethanthirtyyearsago.

’smore’stosayotherwords itornot答案是D。21.(2022北京高考,21)Jackinthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.

workedworking work22.(2022北京高考,22)Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.

23.(2022北京高考,23)—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?—ThenewStarhereformorethantwohours.

bewaiting beenwaiting24.(2022北京高考,24)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.youcandohelps.

25.(2022北京高考,25)IhalfoftheEnglishnovel,andI’lltrytofinishitattheweekend.

readreading read26.(2022北京高考,26)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.

make27.(2022北京高考,27)Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,he’sinhisnineties.

longas ifthough case28.(2022北京高考,28)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.

orderordered 29.(2022北京高考,29)Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.

30.(2022北京高考,30)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswithsuccessintheend.

rewardedreward berewarded31.(2022北京高考,31)Ilovetheweekend,becauseIgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.

’t ’t’t ’t32.(2022北京高考,32)Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,theoldtownintoadreamland.

turn 33.(2022北京高考,33)Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusicithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.

34.(2022北京高考,34)Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyoume,Icouldhavehelped.

toldtotell tell35.(2022北京高考,35)Iamnotafraidoftomorrow,IhaveseenyesterdayandIlovetoday.

第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题分,共30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(2022北京高考)ARaceAgainstDeathItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNome,townwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20thofthatmonth,36asickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious(传染的)diseasemainlyaffectingchildrenofNomewouldbe37ifitstrucktheneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.38,theclosestsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.

HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown’s39wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn’tcomebyandhorsescouldn’ttravelonthe40airplanesandbigtrucksdidn’texistyet.

41January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhadmorewere42.Nome’stownofficialscameupwitha(n)43.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby44fromAnchoragetothere,dogsled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—knownas“mushers”—would45ittoNomeinarelay(接力).

TheracebeganonJanuaryfirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.46hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon’sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.

OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto47afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonwasthemost48partoftheSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterwould49,andsowouldthesickchildrenofSeppalamadeitacross.

AhugesnowstormhitonFebruarymushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisonepoint,hugepilesofsnowblockedhis50.Hehadtoleavethetrail(雪橇痕迹)togetaroundweresobadthatitwasimpossibleforhimto51thetrailonlyhopewasBalto,Kaasen’sleadputhisnosetotheground,52tofindthesmellofotherdogsthathadtraveledontheBaltofailed,itwouldmeandisasterforminutespassed,Baltobeganto53.Hehadfoundthetrail.

At5:30amonFebruary2,Kaasenandhisdogs54inminutes,hadthequicklygaveittothesickofthemrecovered.

Nomehadbeen55.

第三部分:阅读理解(共两节,40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A(2022北京高考,A)December15,2022DearAlfred,Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150+at17,I’manythingbutfactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍).Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomehighschool,Ibecamecuriousaboutthecomputer,andbuiltmyfirst,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantpre-collegecourses.WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn’,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2022whenIdiscoveredtheonlinecomputercoursesofyourtrainingcenter.Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvanced,I’mlearningyourProbabilityhavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinself-writtennotesfromyourhasgivenmeapurpose.Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalk,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mycompetitors.Thank’vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmythefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI’mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoingfeelwhole.Thisiswhyyou’resavingmylife.Yours,Tanisdidn’tTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?hadlearnedenoughaboutcomputerscience.hadmoredifficultykeepingfocused.preferredtakingonlinecourses.wastooslowtolearn.fortheworkingenvironment,Tanisprefers.

byherselfwiththepublicagainstotherswithADHDstudentswrotethisletterinorderto.

whyshewasinterestedinthecomputertheideasshehadforherprofessionhowgratefulshewastothecenterthecoursesshehadtakensofarB(2022北京高考,B)SurvivingHurricaneSandy(飓风桑迪)NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,Newjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavesfromherhouse.“It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2022,thatoceanturnednight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespecially,Natalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgesclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfararoundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallythe’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredcamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothinganddevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays,“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtopostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectionwhenhishouseburneddays,Patrick’scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewalsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-neededsuppliestoeffortsmadeherafamousApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars(创痕)ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisinthestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”NataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound.

friendshadlosttheirlivesneighborhoodwasdestroyedschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynelderlywerefreefromsufferingtoParagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?peoplehelpingRockawayrebuild.peopletrappedinhigh-risebuildings.volunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivors.teenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople.didNataliehelpthesurvivors?gavehertoystootherkids.tookcareofyoungerchildren.calledontheWhiteHousetohelp.builtaninformationsharingplatform.doesthestoryintendtotellus?peoplecanmakeabigdifference.friendinneedisafriendindeed.orwest,homeisbest.ispower.C(2022北京高考,C)CaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecoveryCaliforniacondorCaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwing-lengthofupto3the1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning(铅中毒)nearlydrovethemtodying,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred(繁殖).Since1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegowingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution(电死)iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricthetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freebirdsdiedofhasnowdroppedto18%.Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealcondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesofaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney(肾)failureandcondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveralworkisstartingtopayannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to%in2022.Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”condorsattractresearchers’interestbecausethey.

activeatnighttobebredinthewildfoundonlyinCaliforniadiedoutinthe1980shavefoundelectricallinesare.

condors’journeyhomekillersofCaliforniacondorsplacesforcondorsatnighttokeepcondorsawaytoParagraph5,leadpoisoning.

condorstoonervoustoflylittleeffectoncondors’kidneyshardlybegottenridoffromcondors’blooditdifficultforcondorstoproducebabybirdspassageshowsthat.

averagesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactory’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineeringeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresultshavefoundthefinalanswerstotheproblemD(2022北京高考,D)WhyCollegeIsNotHomeThecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy(自主性)andthedevelopmentofadult,nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence,duringwhichmanyoftoday’sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities.Forpreviousgenerations,collegewasadecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol;guidanceandsupportneededtocomefrompeopleofthesameageandfromthepasttwodecades,however,continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily,thankstocellphones,emailandsocialmedia,haveincreasedparentsgosofarastohelpwithofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility,universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome.Toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility,collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandprocessinvolves“tryingon”newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually(在思维方面)andweshouldprovide“safespaces”withincolleges,wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajoritygrowthandflexibilityarefosteredbystrictdebateandquestioning.Learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyacollegecommunity(群体)differsfromthefamily,manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern,theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity.Moreover,thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults:theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheiracceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined(规定)andcontrolled,theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhentherearereasonstodogenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescents’desireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafe,thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth.Everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues,socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself-regulation,ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself-discovery.’stheauthor’sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents?. .. .underlinedword“passage”inParagraph2means.

totheauthor,whatroleshouldcollegeplay?developasharedidentityamongstudents.defineandregulatestudents’socialbehavior.provideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudents.fosterstudents’intellectualandpersonaldevelopment.ofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要点)C:Conclusion第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2022北京高考)TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.71Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestof?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.

Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlywerebetterathunting,fighting,orexploring.72Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenext,humansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.

Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthen?Well,even200,000yearsago,toomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonefewdaringsurvived,though,alongwithafewstay-in-the-cavearesult,humansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexistsmaybeyoulovecarracing,ormaybeyouhateit.73

Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrange,scientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears.74Tohelpyoudothat,yourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomerisks,soyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell.

75Fortherisk-seekers,apartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebecomesactive,whilefortherestofus,apartofthebrainrelatedtofearbecomesactive.

Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seeking,we’llcontinuetohitthemountains,thewavesortheshallowendofthepool.alldependsonyourcharacter.aretherisksyoushouldjumptotake.betteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.,thesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.iswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.brainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.第四部分:书面表达(共两节,35分)第一节(15分)(2022北京高考)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣,并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信,内容包括:1.该人物是谁;2.该人物的主要贡献;3.该人物对你的影响。注意:1.词数不少于50;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。DearJim,

Yours,LiHua第二节(20分)(2022北京高考)假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序,以“ActionsforaGreenerEarth”为题,给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件,介绍活动的全过程。注意:词数不少于60。提示词:地球日EarthDay答案2022北京卷答案解析1~5ABCBA6~10ABACC11~15BBCAC12-11/Twelve-Eleven/twelve-eleven/Twelve-eleven/TWELVE-ELEVENHOGARTHTOWER考查时态。句意:停电时,杰克正在实验室工作。由语境可知,此处描述的是过去停电的瞬间,杰克正在进行的动作,故用过去进行时。考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。分析句子的结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词为acouple,将先行词代入定语从句后为:thecouple’schildrenoftenmakealotofnoise。由此可见,关系词在定语从句中作定语,故用whose引导。考查时态。句意:——打扰了,你们正在等哪部电影?——新上映的《星球大战》。我们已经在这等了两个多小时了。根据语境可知,说话者在两个多小时里一直在等着看新电影且还没有等到,故用现在完成进行时。考查名词性从句。句意:你的支持对我们的工作来说十分重要,你所做的一切对我们都有帮助。“youcando”在句中作主语,do后缺少宾语,故应用whatever(任何事情)来引导主语从句。

考查时态。句意:这本英文小说我已经读完一半了,周末我会尽力把它读完。现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。根据语境可知,此处强调“读”的结果,故用现在完成时。考查非谓语动词。句意:想要更容易地和我们取得联系,你最好把这张卡片带在身边。由句意可知,设空处为动词不定式作目的状语。故选D项。考查状语从句。句意:我的祖父仍时不时地打网球,尽管他现在90多岁了。根据句意可知,此处表示让步,故用eventhough“虽然;尽管”。aslongas“只要”;asif“仿佛;好像”;incase“以防;以免”,均不符合题意。考查非谓语动词。句意:这些书是一星期以前订购的,预计现在随时都可能到达。分析句子结构可知,非谓语动词在句中作状语,主语thebooks与order之间是逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成,故选D项。考查名词性从句。句意:雨季最让人愉悦的一件事情就是可以完全远离尘土。分析句子结构可知,空处在句子中引导表语从句,且从句句子结构完整,故选that,只起连接作用,无意义。考查时态与语态。句意:这些学生一直在努力地学习,他们的努力最终会获得成功的。根据havebeenworkinghard可知,努力学习的动作会继续下去,因此“回报以成功”是发生在将来的动作,故用一般将来时,且efforts与reward两者之间为被动关系,用被动语态。故选D项。考查情态动词。句意:我之所以喜欢周末是因为我在周六周日不必早起。needn’t“不必”;mustn’t“禁止”;wouldn’t“不会”;shouldn’t“不应该”。由句意可知,A项正确。考查非谓语动词。句意:新建成的木房沿街而立,把旧城变成了梦境。分析句子结构可知,空处在句子中作结果状语,新建成的木房沿街而立与turn之间是主动关系,故选turning。考查状语从句。句意:我很喜欢听音乐是因为音乐使我放松,使我忘却了一天的心头琐事。由句意可知,空处引导原因状语从句,故选because。考查虚拟语气。句意:为什么上星期你不把你的困难告诉我呢?如果你告诉我,说不定我会帮得上你呢。由问句中的lastweek及couldhavehelped推知,从句是对过去事实的虚拟,故用过去完成时。考查连词。句意:我毫不畏惧明天,因为我亲眼看见了昨天并且深爱着今天。由句意可知,空前表示结果,空后表示原因,故选C项。【语篇导读】本文共423词,为记叙文。1925年一个寒冷的冬日,一场大雪切断了阿拉斯加州诺姆市与外界的任何联系。恰不逢时,诺姆市有一个男孩染上了“白喉”这种致命的传染病。于是,一场与死神的赛跑拉开了序幕。最终,接力手历经千辛万苦把药传到了韦尔奇大夫手中,整个诺姆市的儿童得救了。句意:……韦尔奇医生接诊了一位生病的小男孩并且得知他染上了白喉……examine“检查”;warn“警告”;interview“采访,面试”;cure“治愈”。故选A项。由第一段最后一句小镇与外界的联系被大雪切断及下文韦尔奇医生需要尽快拿到药可以推测,如果白喉病在诺姆市蔓延,诺姆市的儿童将会陷入“无助的(helpless)”境地。由上句可知,时间紧迫,然而最近的拿药处却远在千里之外,故选D项。moreover“此外”;therefore“因此”;otherwise“否则”。由下文中的byship可知,此处指的是水上运输方式,与该种运输方式相关的选项为harbor“港口”。airport“机场”;station“车站”;border“边境,国界”。由首段最后一句中的heavysnow可知,空处指的是雪路。句意:车和马无法在雪路上行走。由下文的haddied可知,这里是指截止到1月26日,比利和其他3名儿童已经去世了。故选C项。句意:另外还有20名儿童也生病了,故选sick。tired“疲倦的”;upset“心烦意乱的”;pale“苍白的”。本段后两句描述了拯救生病儿童的具体计划,所以此处应该是想出一个计划。故选plan。excuse“借口”;message“信息”;topic“主题”。由下段第二句中的“...themedicinefromthetrainatNenana...”可知,药品是用火车从Anchorage运送到Nenana,再进行接力传递。接力手会乘坐雪橇把药带到诺姆市,故选carry。return“返回”;mail“邮寄”;give“给”,均不符合文意。从上文可知,Shannon从火车上取到药品,连夜赶路。当他把药品交给下一位接力手的时候,脸都冻得发紫。故选when。这里指的是穿过结冰的水面,故选cross。由下文对该水域情况的描述“水面满是冰,没有发出任何警告的情况下就有可能破裂”可知,该段路程极其危险,故dangerous正确。shameful“可耻的”;boring“使人厌烦的”;foolish“愚蠢的”。由上文中的“落入冰水”及下文中的“诺姆市生病的儿童也会如此”可推知,die就是落入水中的后果。句意:在一个地方,雪堆堵住了他的去路,故选way。memory“记忆”;exit“出口”;destination“目的地”;均不符合题意。前文提到,雪路难行,于是接力手故意留下雪橇的痕迹做记号,这里指雪太大,痕迹无法找到。故选A项。fix“安装”;pass“经过”;change“改变”。Balto把鼻子贴到地面上,试图寻找其他狗途经此处留下的气味,故选trying。pretend“假装”;ask“要求”;learn“学会”。由下文提示,Balto找到了雪橇痕迹,于是开始奔跑,故选run。leave“离开”;bite“咬”;play“玩耍”。联系上下文可知,孩子们得救了,由此推知,Kaasen和他的狗到达了诺姆市,故选arrive。gather“收集”;stay“停留”;camp“设营”;均不符合语境。由上文中的“Allofthemrecovered.”可推知,诺姆市获救了。故选saved。control“控制”;found“建立”;develop“发展”。【语篇导读】本文共320词,为应用文。患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的作者因病无法上大学。在信中,作者向阿尔弗雷德以及在线课程训练中心表达了自己的感激之情。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“mydiseasegotworse”及第二段第二句“ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADHD.”可知,作者因为注意力更加难以集中,因此未上大学。细节理解题。根据第六段第一句中的“Icouldworkalone...”可知,A项正确。主旨大意题。第一段作者开篇点题,表明自己的写信意图,感谢对方的帮助。最后两段作者再次表明自己的写信意图,正是由于对方的帮助,作者才得以顺从自己的内心,做自己喜欢做的事,并且找到了一份理想的工作。故选C项。【语篇导读】本文共366词,为说明文。文章从Natalie的视角出发,讲述了飓风桑迪过后,人们对恢复灾区原貌所做的努力,重点描写了Natalie本人通过建立网站匹配需求者与捐赠者。彰显在灾难面前,小人物也可以大有作为的真理。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,Natalie第二天回到家时,发现她们的居住区已变成一片废墟。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“...themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.”可知,帮助洛克威重建的人们使Natalie最受鼓舞。细节理解题。根据第七段第一句可知,她建立了一个网站,将需要帮助的幸存者和想要帮助灾民的捐赠者进行匹配。故选D项(她建立了一个信息共享平台)。主旨大意题。Natalie作为一个年仅14岁的小女孩,在飓风桑迪席卷家乡后,通过建立网站匹配需求者与捐赠者,使得许许多多需要帮助的人得到了帮助。本文彰显了在灾难面前,小人物也可以大有作为的真理。故选A项。B项意为“患难见真情”;C项意为“金窝银窝,不如自己的狗窝”;D项意为“技术就是力量”;均不符合文意。【语篇导读】本文共335词,为说明文。加利福尼亚的秃鹰因为触碰高压电线以及铅中毒一度濒临灭绝,然而触电实验和药物治疗有效地解