2022年中考英语专题复习导学案：代词

2022年中考英语专题复习导学案：代词代词的概念：代词是代替名词、的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词(he/she)、物主代词(my/his)、反身代词(themselves,herself)、指示代词(this/that/these/those)、相互代词(eachother)、不定代词(someone/everything)、疑问代词（who/what）等。考点一：首先注意人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的各种形式名称单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe,she,itthey宾格youusyou物主代词形容词性myhis,her,itsyourtheir名词性ourstheirs反身代词myselfyourselfourselves【中考真题再现】()1._____ismyson.Doyouliketoplaywith______?A.You,youB.She,herC.I,meD.He,him()2.--Isthis____ruler?---No._____isoverthere.A.her,HerB.her,HersC.hers,HersD.hers,He考点二：人称代词的主格和宾格的区别【例句观察】1)Heissokindthatwealllikehim.2)Sheisillinhospitalandhermotherislookingafterher.【归纳总结】人称代词的主格作主语，放在_________之前；宾格作宾语，放在________或________之后；记忆技巧:主语用主格，宾语用宾格，属于谁所有用所有格。【中考真题再现】()1therisillinbed.Ihavetolookafter______athome.A.heB.hisC.him考点三：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区别【例句观察】1)Thisismybag,andthatisyours(=yourbag).2)Theirschoolismuchbiggerthanours(ourschool).【归纳总结】形容词性物主代词只能作_________(定语/表语)，修饰后面所接的_______；而名词性物主代词相当于“_______________+_______”，其后_______接名词？【中考真题再现】()1.—Isthat______dog?–No._______iswhite.s;HisB.her;HisC.he;HisD.her;Her()2.–Oh!einahurryandforgottobringfood.–Itdoesn’tmatter.YoucanhaveEg:Ihadacold.That’swhyIdidn’tcome.()ttosayisthis:pronunciationisveryimportantinlearning.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours考点四：it的用法作形式主语、形式宾语。1)It’s+adj.+(for/ofsb)+todosth.“对某人来说做某事…”【例句观察】1）It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2）It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。【归纳总结】fors表示________(人物/事物)的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等；ofsb.常用于一般用表示_______(人物/事物)的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right,humorous,stupid等。3）主语+fake/think/feel)+it(is)+adj.+(forsb)+todosth主语+found(made/thought/felt)+it(was)+adj.+(forsb)+todosth.:Doyouthinkitnecessarytolearntowaitinline?=Doyouthinkitisnecessarytolearntowaitinline?【中考真题再现】()____iskindofhimtogiveusahand.A.ThatB.ItC.YouD.He()2、Ifeel___necessarytohavesportseveryday.A.youB.thatC.itD.itwas2、指婴儿或不明身份、性别的人以及谈话的双方都知道的人和事。【中考真题再现】()1、Whoisstandingoverthere?________.A.It’smeB.It’sIC.IamD.Iknock()2、Whotman?______mustbeourheadmaster.A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.It’s3、指天气、时间或距离等。.:1)Itissunnytoday.Let’sgooutforawalk.2)It’seighto’clocknow.It’stimeforclass.3）It’stenkilometersfrommyhometoschool.考点五：反身代词不做主语，可作宾语、表语及同位语，必须与被指代的人在人称和数上保持一致，意义为“本人”、“亲自”。反身代词的必考词组_____________玩得开心_____________自学_____________单独；独自hurtonesel自己_____________照顾某人自己_________照顾某人自己___________________请随意（吃）……devoteoneselfto(致力于…);____________(自已穿);makeoneselfathome(随便些,请不要拘束);___________________(让别人懂得自已的话)____________________苏醒________________________陶醉于…【中考真题再现】()1.–Hi,guys.Howwasyourpartyyesterday?(2022江苏南京)--Wonderful!Wehadabigmealandenjoyed_______.A.themselvesB.myselfC.yourselvesD.ourselves()enjoyed______inthepartythedaybeforeyesterday.A.herB.oneselfC.themselvesD.herself()3.—Jim,help_____tosomefruit.----Thankyou!（2022山东聊城）A.youB.yoursC.yourselfD.yourselves()4.Boys,don’tlose________inplayingAngryBirds.Itisbadforyoureyestoplaycomputergamesforalongtime.A.himselfB.yourselfC.themselvesD.yourselves考点六：指示代词指示代词包括：this,that,these,those和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较_______(近、远)的事物或人；that和those则指时间或空间上较________(近、远)的事物或人。2.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。3.电话用语通常用this指代自己，that指代对方4.that指代同一类别中的另一个，可用来代替可数和不可数名词，指代可数名词复数时用those，通常用于含有比较级别的句子中。5.代词one,it,that的用法辨析①one指代同一类别中的另一个，用来代替可数名词单数，其复数形式为ones。②it指代同一个人或物，代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。③that指代同一类别中的另一个，可用来代替可数和不可数名词，指代可数名词时其复数为those，通常用于含有比较级别的句子中。【中考真题再现】()1.______Tom,who________?A.Iam,areyouB.Thisis,isthatC.Iam,isthatD.Thisis,areyou()2.--,______Mr.Green?---Sorry,heisout.Pleasecallhimlater.A.areyouB.youareC.isthatD.isthis()3.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan____ofRussia.A.thatB.thisC.thoseD.it()4.–Whatkindofhousewouldyoulike?（2022辽宁鞍山）--I’dlike______withagardeninfrontof_______.A.it;oneB.one;oneC.one;itD.it;it()’vegeralnovelswrittenbyMoYan.Youcanborrow______ifyoulike.A.itB.oneC.everyD.either考点七：不定代词some一些any任何的one一个none一个没有many许多every每个each每个both两个much许多another另一个either（两者）任何一个neither两个都不few很少little很少other(s)其余【中考真题再现】()1、etwoforeignteachershere.OneisfromEngland,and____isfromAmerican.A.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.theanother()2.Ihosisters,but_____ofthemisateacher.(2022山东潍坊)A.allB.neitherC.bothD.none()1、Wehaforeignteachershere.OneisfromEngland,and____isfromAmerican.A.anotherB.theotherC.otherD.theanother()2.vetwosisters,but_____ofthemisateacher.(2022山东潍坊)A.allB.neitherC.bothD.none考点八：复合不定代词的用法onebodythingsomesomeoneanyeveryeverybodynonothing【例句观察】①Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.我有重要的事情告诉你。（肯定句）②Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想要点儿喝的吗？（请求）③Ican’tseeanythinginthedarkroom.在这个黑暗的房间里我什么也看不见。（否定句）④Anythingispossible.一切皆有可能。（肯定句）⑤Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.有问题请问我。（条件句）⑥Everyoneisheretoday.今天大家都来齐了。【归纳总结】some-类复合不定代词及表示________________________疑问句中；any-类复合不定代词多用于______、______和_______中，也可用与肯定句中，意为“任何人”或“任何事”。复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时，形容词要放在不定代词的________。(3)不定代词在句中作主语时，谓语通常用________________________。【中考真题再现】()1.If________comestoaskforthisbook,youcansellit.A.someoneB.anyoneC.nothingD.something()2.Iaskedherfor____milk,butshedidn’thave_____.A.any;someB.some;anyC.some;some()3.–Whatdidyoubuyforyourdaughteratthesupermarket?--Ibought_______,becauseIcouldn’tfind______shelikes.A.something;ingB.anything;somethingC.nothing;anythingD.something;nothing考点九：疑问代词的基本用法1、who(谁，主格)whom(谁，宾格)，whose(谁的，所有格),what(什么)，which(哪个，哪些)2、Who(Whom)areyoutakingthebookto?(作介词的宾语)Towhomdidyouspeakonthecampus（校园）?（作介词的宾语）【中考真题再现】()1、--_____thatnewbikeoverthere?---Ithinkit’s_____.A.Who’s;B.Who’s;Sam’sC.Whoseis;SamD.Whoseis;Sam’s()2、--_____he100tholdattheOlympicGamesforChina?--ZhangYining.She’sfromBeijing.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhenD.Where()3、Exc,__isthewaytothenearestsupermarket?A.whereB.whichC.whyD.who1.中考怎么考？1.—Excusemeisthatmypassport?—Oh,sorry,Itook______bymistake.A.yoursB.mineC.hersD.his2.—Canheaskackforhelp?—Sorry.Heshouldsolvetheproblemby(he).3.—Whatdoantmost?—Aroomof_____own.A.IB.meC.myD.mine2.中考考什么？人称代词人称代词的主格和宾格意思一样，用法不同①Heisastudent.(主格，做主语)②Wemusthelphimandlookafterhim.（宾格，在动词help和介词after后做宾语）Wehavefriehelpusfightagainstpollution,andtreesareoneof____A.themselves B.they C.their D.them【2022重庆市A】Aunwillvisitussoon.______isarrivingtomorrowmorning.A.HeB.SheC.HisD.Her【2022德州】Ican’tfindmyEnglishbook.Couldyouhelp_______findit?A.herB.himC.meD.them【2022聊城】Myfriendshowed_______someoldphotosofhisfamily.A.myB.IC.meD.mine物主代词形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词意思一样，用法不同①形容词性的物主代词，后面必须接名词 例:Thisisherbook.（her后必须接名词）②名词性的物主代词，后面不能接名词 例:Thisbookishers.（hers后不能接名词）—Isthis______bike?—No,it’sLily’s.______isoverthere.A.your;MyB.your;MineCyours;MineD.yours;My—Excusethis____newpencilsharpener?—Yes,it’s___.Heboughtitjustnow.A.Tom’B.Tom;hisC.Tom’s;hersD.Tom’s;yoursThat’s______brother’sshirt.Itisn’t_______.A.my,your B.yours,mineC.hers,his D.his,yours—Isthisredbas?—No,itisn’t._____isthatblack.YourB.IC.MyD.Mine复合不定代词的用法 ①表示单数 例:Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike. ②复合不定代词+形容词 例:Thereisnothingnewinthisbook.. ③some一类用于肯定句 例：IhavesomeEnglishbooks. ④any一类用于否定和疑问句， 例：Doyouhaveanythingtoeat?★some和any的特殊用法 ①any可用于肯定句，表示“任何”的意思 例：Youmaytakeanyofthem. 你可以拿走其中的任何一个。 ②some用于期望得到肯定的回答或请求邀请的问句中例：Wouldyoulikebananas?------Yes,please. 要吃些香蕉吗？------是的，请拿些给我。【2022湖南益阳】justreadthenewspaper.Didyoufind______init?A.interanythingB.anythinginterestingC.interestingsomething.【2022江苏苏州】ourteasmellsgreat!—It’sfromIndia.Wouldyoulike______?A.it B.this C.some D.little【2022河北】30.Youdon’thaveadrink.CanIgetyou?A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything【2022北京】Look!lockhasstopped.Maybethere’s_______wrongwithit.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothingIwaslookiabirthdaygiftformymother,butIcouldn’tfind______suitable.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything【2022潍坊】Acosts_______,butgivessomuch.Soweshouldlearntosmile.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everythingWhat’sthearabout?---It’sabout_____inChina.Andthegovernmenthasworkedwellincontrollingthepopulation.A.somethinrtant B.importantsomething C.anythingimportant反身代词：oneself某人自己 ①介词，动词后+反身代词 例:Hehurthimself.他弄伤了他自己。Hecanlookafterhimself.他能照看他自己。 ②★作同位语，表示“本人，亲自”。在主语后面或句尾都可以。 例:Thefarmselfcametoschoolyesterday.=Thefarmercametoschoolyesterdayhimself. 昨天，农夫本人亲自到学校来了。 ③反身代词常用于下列词组：byoneself独自 Helponeselftosth随便吃东西teachoneself=learn---byoneself自学 enjoyoneself玩的高兴【2022广州】18.Tcalledhisprofessorforhelpbecausehecouldn’tsolvetheproblemby___.A.herself B.himself C.yourself D.themselves【2022长沙】Mysisterisoldenoughtodress______now.A.himself B.herself C.myself【2022重lp______tosomefish,.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself【2022陕西】Don’tworry.We’reoldenoughtolookafter______.A.myselfB.meC.ourselvesD.us【2022滨州】ThesongIBelieveICanFlytellsusthatbelievingin___isveryimportant.A.themselvesB.itselfC.ourselvesD.yourselvesIguessTomandhissisterCeliaenjoyed________attheparty.A.myself B.himself C.herself D.themselvesit的用法：①表示时间：Itis6:30now.现在时间是6：30.②表示天气：Itisverycoldtoday.今天天气很冷。③表示距离：Itis5kilometersfromheretoschool.从这里到学校，距离是5公里。④代替不定式：Ifidifficulttogotosleep.(it=togotosleep)我发现入睡很困难。⑤代替动词的Ifinditimportanttalkingtothestudents.(it=talkingtothestudents) 我发现和学生交谈很困难。⑥代替一个句子：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tcometoourparty.(it=thatyoudidn’tcometoourparty) 你没有来我们的聚会是一个遗憾。⑦指性别不详，或身份不明者：Whoisthebaby?------Itisme.(性别不详) Whoisknockingatthedoor?IsitMrKing?（身份不明）Wedecidetomake______aruleforusroom-matetoturnoffthelightat10:30pm.A.thatB.thisC.itD.oneMostyoungfind________excitingtowatchafootballmatch. A.it B.this C.that D.one一网打尽：—Susan,gooinyoursisterincleaningtheyard.—Why______?Johnissittingtheredoingnothingatall.A.IB.meC.myselfD.mineWemustprotectplants.Theyarefriendsof______.A.we B.us C.our D.oursOh,yourshirtisthesame_________.A.asmeB.withherC.withmineD.ashersAtpresent,childrenmean_______tomostparentsinChina.A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something—Morning,cIs______heretoday?—No,sir.Tomisabsent.Heisillathome.A.anybody B.everybody C.nobody D.somebodyTheairngyingismuchworsethanthatinmanyothercities.Wemustdo______toprotectourenvironment.A.nothingB.anythingC.somethingD.everythingThisworkcloseteamwork.______willbeachievedunlessweworkwelltogether.A.Nothing B.Anything C.Something D.Everything_______mayhaveachancetobesuccessfulifhetrieshisbest.A.None B.Nobody C.Somebody D.EverybodyLook!Sonialooksworried.Theremustbe______wrongwithher.A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything—Look,_______iingunderthetree.—Oh,that’smycousin,Anna.A.everybodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.somebodyOurmotherearthgivesus_______weneedinourdailylife.A.nobodyB.nothingC.everybodyD.everythingTheiPadisn’t______.Itbelongsto______.A.he;me B.hers;mine C.his;me D.her;mineThismorningDianainvited______to______birthdayparty.A.I;her B.I;hers C.me;her D.me;hersMom,I’moldhtowash_____ownclothesand______.Youcanhavearestafterwork.A.my;your B.my;yours C.your;my D.yours;mine—Morning,class.Is________here?—No,sir.Tomisabsent.A.anybodyB.everybodyC.nobodyD.somebody—Doeshitelikesports?—Yes,__________favoritesportistennis.A.heB.sheC.hisD.herWehavcedtheproblems，and___willbediscussedatthemeeting.A.youB.itC.theyD.usItisagoodoftoreadafewlinesbeforegoingtobed.A.IB.meC.myD.mineHethinkshimselfsomebody,butwethinkhim______.A.nobodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.everybody一Whoteaches________music?一Nobody.Iteach________.A.;mineB.your;myselfC.you;myselfMyhostfamildtocook_____formewhenIstudiedinNewZealand.A.differentsomethingB.differentanythingC.somethingdifferentD.anythingdifferent17.—WhatdoynkofthemoviebyZhaoWei?—Terrific.Ilike______verymuch.A.itB.himC.herD.youHaveyouheardthegoodnews?------No,what________? A.isit B.isthere C.arethey D.arethoseIaskedherfor________milk,butshedidn’thave________.A.any,some B.some,any C.some,someWhoissinginhenextroom?------_______mustbeMarie.A.ItB.SheC.ThisD.ThereThebookis________.Iwrote________nameonitscover（封面）________.A.my,mylf B.mine,my,myself C.mine,myself,my D.myself,mine,myMoneyisimportantinmylife.Butitisn’t________tome.A.everything B.something C.nothing D.anythingIcouldharlieveshehadmadeavideoaboutwaterpollutionby________.(her)Weoftenask________(us)howwecandomoreforourcountry.Mysisterisalwaysstrictwith________(she).“You'reough，boy.You'dbetterdoit________(you).”Myfathersaidtome.Ourclassroomishere.________(she)isoverthere.Weshouldtryoutohelphim.Anyway,heisaclassmateof________(we).Ihope________goeswellwithyou..代词2①other“其余的”，用在Jimistallerthantheotherstudentsinhisclass.②one---,theother---“两者中一个---,另一个---” 例:Ihavetwopenisred,theotherisblack.我有两只钢笔。一只是红色的，另一只是黑色的。Ihavethns.Oneisred,theothertwoareblack.我有三只钢笔。一只是红色的，另两只是黑色的。 ★③some---,others---“有的---,有的---” 例:Therearemanentsoutside.Somearesinging,othersaredancing. 外面有许多学生。有的学生在唱歌，有的在跳舞。这里others=otherstudents(剩下的学生一部分在跳舞，不是全部) ★④some---,theothers---“有的---,有的---” 例:Thermanystudentsoutside.Somearesinging,theothersaredancing. 外面有很多学生。有的学生在唱歌，其余的学生全部都在跳舞。这里theothers=theotherstudents(剩下的学生全部都在跳舞)another“又，再”，表示三者或以上中不定的一个例:Theseshoesaresmall.Iwanttobuyanotherpair.这些鞋子太小了。我想再买一双。 Pleasegivemeanotherfiveminutes.请再给我五分钟。Myfamilyhastwodogs.Oneiswhite,____isblack.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherDothersWhatay!Haveyouhadadrink?---Yes,butI’dliketohave_____afterwork.A.itB.oneC.otherD.anotherHaveyoufinyourreportyet?----No.I’llfinishitin______tenminutes.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.lessWhataboutthisT-shirt?------Idon’tlikethecolor.Pleaseshowme________one.A.other B.theother C.another D.eachotherSomepeoplelistayathomeonSunday,but________liketogotothemovie.A.another B.other C.others D.otheroneone泛指单数名词 例:Thispenisold.I’mgoingtobuyanewone.（one=pen）ones代替复数名词 例:Thesebooksarebetterthanthoseones.(ones=books) it代替前面提到的例:Whereisthepen?------Itisinthedesk.(it=thepen) that特指的单数 例:Thebellofyourbikeisbetterthanthatofmine.(that=thebell)one和it的用法区别： Therearesomebooksonthedesk.Doyouwantone?桌上有一些书。你想要一本吗？ Thereisonlyonebookonthedesk.Doyouwantit?桌上只有一本书了，你想要它吗？Ican’tyticket.IthinkImusthavelost.it B.one C.this D.them—I’mabithungry,Auntie!—There’resomecakesonthetable.Youmaytake___.A.itB.oneC.thatD.thisI’mlookinabank,butIcan’tfind_______.A.itB.oneC.thisD.thateither 两者中任何一个，谓语动词用单数 例:oneithersideofthestreetneither两者都不，谓语动词用单数 例:Neitherofthemisadoctor.★noone“没有人”，仅指人，后不接of短语,回答who的问题 例：Whoareyouspeakingto?------Noone. none“没有”，指三个或以上人和物，后接of短语,.回答howmany和howmuch的问题 例:Howmanybirdsdidyousee?------None.both“两个都” 例:Myparentsarebothfarmers.all“三者或以上都” 例:Theyareallworkers.both和all在句中的见的还有Boththefarmersarehere.Bothofthefarmersarehere.Bothofthemarehere—Whichofthmagazineswillyoutake?—I’lltake____thoughIfind______ofthemareveryusefulto.all;bothB.either;eitherC.either;neitherD.either;both___ofuswagototheparktoday,becausewehavetofinishsomuchhomework.A.Either B.Both C.Neither—Whichjackeouprefer,thisoneorthatone?—___isOK.Idon’tcaretoomuch.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.All.—Wow!Yootsomanyclothes.—But___ofthemareinfashionnow.A.all B.both C.neither D.none★each“每一个”，指两者或以上,侧重个别,后接of短语例：Eachofthestudentshasaruler.every“每一个”，指三个或以上,侧重全体,后不接of短语,只在名词前作定语 例：Everystudentshouldbehereontime.any“任何一个”，三者或以上任一个,可接of短语 例:Youcantakeawayanyofthem.★whole，用法：the+whole+名词 例:thewholestory；thewholefivehours★everyone(=everybody)“每个人” anyone(=a