考研英语翻译

考研英语翻译课件评分标准：5个小题，每题2分，共10分。如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。如果就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。命题原则题材偏向专业领域的学术文献，以议论文和说明文为主，字数在400-450字之间。所选题材偏向文科社会科学领域，而且考的都是热点内容。只考长难句，平均长度是30字左右。考研翻译的方法直译：对初学者而言，需要注意不能把直译和“字字对译”混淆。如果把一个英语词与一个汉语词对号入座，反而会扭曲原文的意思，而且不通畅，达不到考研英语翻译基本要求。直译HoneymoonHotlineGenetherapyEasycome,easygoBeggarsmustnotbechoosersDeadmentellnotalesChainreaction意译：由于英汉两种语言中的词汇、语法结构、表达方法及整个谋篇布局都不同，因此在翻译过程中，英语和汉语在形式和内容上都构不成等同，这时候需要把英语原文的意义进行解释性的翻译。意译指的是从原文的意义出发，将英语所表达的意义用汉语做解释，翻译过程不需要过分遵守原文语言形式。意译Bull’seyesMilkywayAsmuteasafishAsstrongasahorseAscoolascucumberAscloseasanoysterAsintimateasthieves意译YouareaswiseasSolomonHehadonefootinthegraveHewaseloquent,elegant,butsoftAdoctormusthavetheheartofalionandthehandofalady直译和意译的关系直译着重原文和译文在表达形式和意义上的结合，而意译更注重意义的通顺。在考研翻译过程中，在不违背汉语语言规范的前提下，应该尽量采用直译的方法，即能直译就直译。但是，因为英汉两种语言差异较大，如果直译出来的结果不通顺或者不符合汉语表达习惯，就需要采用意译的方法把英语原文意思表达清楚。考研英语常见的翻译情况处理定语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译主语从句的翻译被动语态的翻译代词的翻译双重否定的翻译词义选择和词义引申定语从句的翻译技巧前置法—适用于定语较短的情况Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingalltheotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfantasies.Evenwhenhomelessindividualsmanagetofindashelterthatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachdaywonderingthestreet.定语从句翻译技巧重复法—适用于定语较长的情况Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofhumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadeifnotcenturies.重复法becausetheyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedtheconfidencethatcomesfromacheivingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsareadmiredbyothers.定语从句翻译技巧状译法—译成状语，前提是构成因果或其他关系Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelopshisorhercapacityforappropriterespnseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment状译法Creatinga"Europeanidentity"(欧洲品牌)thatrespectsthedifferentculturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrtegicchoice.状译法TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.状译法Forexample,standardizedtestsdonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderpreviledgedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.主语从句的翻译技巧it作形式主语+Ved翻译成人们。。。itisassumeditisagreedit作形式主语+adj翻译成。。。的是itisobviousitissignificantItisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathmaticalsymbolsinsolvingproblems.Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyifdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.被动语态的翻译技巧翻译成主动Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturepastandpresent,makesthisstudyauniqueabddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed-andperhapsneverbeforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecenteventsinEurope.双重否定的翻译技巧翻译成肯定Thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Perhapsthereisnooneherewhohasnotinthecourseofthedayhadoccasiontosetinmotionacomplextrainofreasoning代词的翻译明确翻译出代词所指Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwereverydifferentfromtheirown.Twoanthropologist-linguists,FranzBoasEdwardSapir,werepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmericaduringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.Weareobligedtothembecausesomeoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdiedoutorbecameassimilatedandlosttheirnativelanguagesYouhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmanofscienceworkbymeansofinductionanddeduction,thatbythehelpoftheseoperations,they,inasortofsense,managetoextractfromnaturecertainnaturallaws,andaccordingtothese,bysomespecialskilloftheirown,theybuilduptheirtheories.带than的句子翻译More...than...MoreAthanB翻译成是A而不是BThecomplexityofthehumansituationandtheinjusticeofthesocialorderdemandfarmorefundamentalchangesinthebasicstructureofsocietyitselfthansomepoliticiansarewillingtoadmitintheirspeeches.Less...than...LessAthanB翻译成是B而不是A，与其说是A，不如说是BScience,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.Otherthan和ratherthanRatherthan而不是Childrenwillplaywithdollsequippedwithpersonalitywhips,computerswithin-builtpersonalitieswillberegardedasworkmatesratherthantool