外研版英语必修三讲义Module3TheViolenceofNature3SectionⅢIntegratingSkillsCulturalCornerWord版含答案

SectionⅢIntegratingSkills&CulturalCorner,重点单词写作词汇1.ruinvt. 毁坏2.previousadj. 以前的3.earthquaken. 地震4.worldwideadj. 全世界的5.activeadj. 积极的；活跃的6.damagen．&v. 损失；损害拓展词汇7.possibilityn．可能；可能性→possibleadj.可能的→likely/probable(近义词)8.terrifyingadj.吓人的；可怕的→terrifiedadj.恐惧的；受惊吓的→terrifyvt.使惊恐；使受惊吓9.luckilyadv.幸运地；幸亏→luckn．运气，好运→luckyadj.幸运的10.thankfullyadv.感激地；满怀感谢地→thankfuladj.感激的11.hopefullyadv.满怀希望地；有希望地→hopevt.&n.希望→hopefuladj.满怀希望的；有希望的12.sadlyadv.伤心地；不幸地→sadnessn．悲伤→sadadj.悲伤的13.fortunatelyadv.幸运地；幸亏→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunen．运气14.warningn．警告→warnv．警告阅读词汇15.ashn． 灰16.eruptvt. (火山的)爆发；喷发17.lavan. 熔岩；岩浆18.tidaladj. 受潮水影响的；有涨落的19.volcanon. 火山20.eruptionn. (火山的)爆发；喷发重点短语1.set__fire__to 放火(焚烧)……2.catch__fire 着火3.put__out 扑灭(火)4.take__place 发生5.from__side__to__side 从一边到另一边6.cover__an__area__of 占据……面积7.in__all 总共；总计8.a__total__of 总共重点句型1.thereis/wasthepossibilityof...有……的可能性：Whenthelavareachedthesea,there__was__the__possibility__of(有……的可能)ahugetidalwavewhichcouldfloodhalftheisland.2．the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that＋定语从句(从句中多用完成时)：TheCaliforniaEarthquakeofthe18thofApril1906isthe__worst__earthquake__that__has__ever__happened(发生的最严重的一次地震)intheUnitedStates.3．过去分词短语作定语：Firescaused__by__the__California__Earthquake(加利福尼亚地震引起的)didthemostdamage.4．现在分词短语作结果状语：Thefiresburnedforthreedays,destroying__a__total__of__25，000__buildings(损害了总共25000座建筑物)．5．make＋宾语＋宾补：About500peoplewerekilledinthecityofSanFranciscoand250，000were__made__homeless(无家可归).Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Howmanyearthquakeshappenintheworldayear?A．Abouttwo.B．Morethan100，000.C．About400.D．Morethan12，000.2．WhatdidthemostdamageintheCaliforniaEarthquakein1906?A．Firescausedbytheearthquake.B．TheEarthquakeitself.C．3，000deathsintheearthquake.D．ThemovementontheSanAndreasFault.3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Morethanahundredearthquakesoccurworldwideinayear.B．TheearthquakehappeninginShaanxiProvincein1556caused830，000peoplekilled.C．TheCaliforniaEarthquakeonlylastedto5：15a．m.D．IntheCaliforniaEarthquakethefirescausedabout3，000deaths.答案：1－3.BAB,①worldwide[ˌwɜːld'waId]adj.全世界的②besituatedin坐落于，位于③active['æktIv]adj.积极的；活跃的其比较级、最高级是分别在其前加more，most。④affectvt.影响effectn．影响，注意区分词形。⑤coveranareaof覆盖面积达……⑥populationn．人口当“人口”讲作主语时，谓语动词用单数；若其前有分数或百分数修饰，谓语动词一般用复数。⑦inall总共；总计⑧loseone’slife牺牲，丧生⑨worst为bad的最高级。⑩takeplace发生⑪lastvi.持续(一段时间)此处last是不及物动词。⑫however表转折。在句子中，however一般用逗号与其他部分隔开。⑬causevt.引起；导致causesb.todosth.导致某人做某事⑭damage['dæmIdʒ]n.&v．损失；损害damage为不可数名词，do/causedamageto对……造成损失。⑮atotalof总数……⑯makesb.homeless使某人无家可归此处用了make的被动语态。⑰inthewholeof在整个……⑱deaths指“死亡人数”。⑲continuetodo/doingsth.继续做某事EarthquakesAroundthePacificAbout400earthquakesoccurworldwide①everyday，morethanahundredthousandinayear.Chinaissituatedin②oneofthemostactive③earthquakeregionsintheworldandtherehavebeenmanyterribleearthquakes.ThemostseriousoftheseoccurredinHuaCountyinShaanxiProvincein1556.Theearthquakeaffected④eightprovincesinCentralChina.Itcoveredanareaof⑤800squarekilometres.Insomemunities,60percentofthepopulation⑥werekilled.Inall⑦，830，000peoplelosttheirlives⑧.◆therehavebeen为therebe结构的现在完成式。TheCaliforniaEarthquakeofthe18thofApril1906istheworst⑨earthquakethathaseverhappenedintheUnitedStates.IttookplaceB10at5：15a．m.，andlasted⑪foronlyaminute.However⑫，itcaused⑬theworstnaturaldisasterinthenation’shistory.FirescausedbytheCaliforniaEarthquakedidthemostdamage⑭.Thefiresburnedforthreedays,destroyingatotalof⑮25，000buildings.About500peoplewerekilledinthecityofSanFranciscoand250，000weremadehomeless⑯.Inthewholeof⑰California,theearthquakeandfirescausedabout3，000deaths⑱.◆thathaseverhappened...是that引导的定语从句，修饰earthquake。此处that不能换为which，因为先行词earthquake前有最高级修饰。◆过去分词短语causedbytheCaliforniaEarthquake作定语，修饰Fires，可转换成that/whichwerecausedbytheCaliforniaEarthquake。◆现在分词短语destroyingatotalof25，000buildings作结果状语。The1906earthquakewascausedbyamovementontheSanAndreasFault.Onehundredyearslater，movementsontheSanAndreasFaultcontinue⑲tocauseproblemsforthewholeofCalifornia.环太平洋地区的地震世界上每天大约会发生400次地震，每年会发生10万多次。中国位于世界上地震活动最频繁的地区之一，并且已经发生了很多次可怕的地震。最严重的一次于1556年发生在陕西省的华县。那次地震影响了中国中部的8个省份，波及800平方千米。在一些社区里，60%的人口丧生。总共83万人丧生。1906年4月18日的加利福尼亚地震是迄今为止发生在美国的最严重的一次地震。它发生在凌晨5：15，持续了仅一分钟。然而，它造成了美国历史上最严重的自然灾害。加利福尼亚地震引起的火灾造成了最严重的损失。大火燃烧了3天，损坏了总共25000座建筑物。在旧金山，大约有500人死亡，25万人无家可归。在整个加利福尼亚，这次地震和火灾导致大约3000人死亡。1906年的地震是由圣安德烈亚斯断层上的运动引起的。100年以后，圣安德烈亚斯断层上的运动仍然给整个加利福尼亚带来问题。,ruinvt.毁灭，毁坏n．毁灭；废墟(ruins)(教材P24)Shereturnedhomeandfoundallherfurniturehadbeenruinedbytheflood.她回到家发现所有的家具都已被洪水毁坏了。inruins 成为废墟fallintoruin 毁灭；崩塌bringsth.toruin 使某物毁灭①Don’tstayuptoolate.Itmightruinyourhealth.不要熬夜，你的健康可能会受损。②Whathasbroughthishopetoruin?是什么使他的希望落空了。[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Itisnowonderthatthebuildingisinruinsnow；itcaughtsobigafirelastnight.②WevisitedtheruinsoftheOldSummerPalacelastwinter.Itwas__ruinedbytheforeigninvaders.Seeingtheruinedpalace,wefeltverysad.(ruin)③Alargenumberofhousesfellintoruinaftertheearthquake.damage表示“损害，损坏”，主要指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可修复。常见搭配：do/causedamageto；destroy表示“破坏，毁灭”，使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复；ruin表示“毁坏，破坏”，使某物丧失功能、价值，更强调破坏的彻底性，还可指破坏美好的事物。[巧学活用]——选词填空(damage/destroy/ruin)④Thepalacewasdestroyedpletelyratherthanwasslightlydamaged,__whichcan’tberepaired,leavingonlyruins．⑤(辽宁卷)Theaccidentcausedsomedamagetomycar,butit’snothingserious.setfiretosth.(＝setsth.onfire)放火(焚烧)……(教材P25)Ashandlavapoureddownthemountain,settingfiretohundredsofhouses.火山灰和岩浆从山上流下来，引燃了成百上千所房子。onfire 着火(强调状态)catchfire 着火(强调动作)makeafire 生火putoutthefire 灭火Itwasreportedthatseveralyouthshadsetfiretothepolicecar/setthepolicecaronfire.据报道，几个年轻人纵火烧了那辆警车。[链接写作]——完成句子①燃烧的烟头导致了宾馆失火，火灾持续了两个小时，造成两人死亡，五人受伤。Aburningcigaretteendset__fire__tothehotelanditwason__firefortwohours,causingtwodeathsandfiveinjuries.②如果你想去野外露营，你得学会生火。Ifyouwanttogocampinginthewild,youshouldlearnhowtomake__a__fire．③正是当他到家的时候，那房子着火了。Itwasjustwhenhegothomethatthehousecaught__fire．putout熄灭；扑灭；生产(教材P25)Weputallthefiresout.我们扑灭了所有的火。[一词多义]——写出下列句中putout的含义①Heputoutthecigaretteimmediatelyheheardhisfatheringback.熄灭②Ifyoudon’tputthefireoutimmediately,itwillsoonsetthewholeforestonfire.扑灭③Thefactoryputsout300newcarseveryweekthisyear.生产putup 举起；张贴；建造；支起； 为……提供食宿putoff 推迟，拖延puton 穿上；上演；增加putdown 放下；记下；镇压putupwith 忍受[即学即练]——单句语法填空④Weshallbehappytoputyouupwhenyouetotownnextmonth.⑤AsfarasIknow,thesportsmeethasbeenputoffuntilnextweekbecauseofthebadweather.⑥(2019·广东深圳高一期末)Toomuchmeatandsugarmaycauseyoutoputonweightveryeasily.⑦Shewillhavetofindsomeotherwork,forshecan’tputupwiththisloudnoiseanymore.eq\a\vs4\al(,,takeplace发生；举行)(教材P25)Isavolcaniceruptiontakingplacenow？火山喷发现在还在发生吗？(1)taketheplaceof 代替takeone’splace 代替；就座inplaceof 代替(2)inplace 在合适的位置outofplace 不在合适的位置；不适当的①TheeveningpartywilltakeplaceonNewYear’sEve.晚会将在除夕那天举行。②GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasincethe1980s.自从20世纪80年代以来中国发生了很大的变化。[链接写作]——完成句子①经理将要出差，他不在时我将代替他。ThemanagerwillbeawayonbusinessandI’lltake__his__place/take__the__place__of__himduringhisabsence.②有些书放的地方不对，这使得整个房间乱七八糟的。你最好把这些书放在适当的地方。否则，找到它们很困难。Someofthesebooksareout__of__place,__makingthewholeroommessy.You’dbetterputthesebooksin__place．Otherwise,itwillbedifficulttofindthem.takeplace为不及物动词短语，无被动形式，多指预先计划、安排要发生的事情；突然发生则用happen或occur。inall总计，总共(教材P29)Inall,830，000peoplelosttheirlives.总共83万人丧生。aboveall 最重要的是；尤其是afterall 毕竟，终究，归根结底(句首)； 别忘了(句尾或句中)atall (否定句)根本；(疑问句)到底；究竟firstofall 首先①Thereweretwelvepeopleinallpresentatthemeeting.共有十二个人出席了会议。②Afterdinner,Ilookedatthebillandfoundthatitwas200yuaninall,includingthewine.晚饭以后，我看了看账单，发现总共花费了200元，包括酒。[链接写作]——完成句子①为了让队员做得更好，训练者首先要了解他们的优势和劣势。Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirst__of__allhastoknowtheirstrengthsandweaknesses.②你根本不应该责备那个男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子；最重要的是，他总共才出了两处错。Youshouldn’thavescoldedtheboyat__all;__heisachildafter__all;__above__all,__hemadeonlytwomistakesin__all．thereis/wasthepossibilityof(教材P25)Whenthelavareachedthesea,therewasthepossibilityofahugetidalwavewhichcouldfloodhalftheisland.当岩浆到达大海时，有可能引起巨大的潮汐，淹没半个岛屿。句中thereis/wasthepossibilityof...结构，表示“有……的可能性”。(1)thereisnopossibilityof...没有……的可能性(2)thereisthe/a/nopossibilitythat...有/没有……的可能性(that引导同位语从句)①Thereisnopossibilityofhisingtonightbecauseofthebadweather.因为天气不好，他今晚不可能来。②Takeyourumbrella;there’sastrongpossibilitythatitwillrain.带上伞吧，很有可能会下雨。[链接写作]——一句多译他可能在比赛中获得第一名。①There__is__a__possibility__thathewillwinthefirstplaceinthepetition.(possibility)②There__is__a__possibility__ofhiswinningthefirstplaceinthepetition.(possibility)③It__is__possible__thathewillwinthefirstplaceinthepetition.(possible)表示“有可能做某事”的句型还有：(1)sb./sth.belikelytodo...(2)Itislikelythat...(3)Itispossible(forsb.)todo/that...(4)Itisprobablethat...eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)品句填词1．Fortunately(幸运的是),IgotthelastticketforFriday’sconcert.2．Shetakesanactive(积极的)partinallkindsofafter­schoolactivities.3．Iacceptedtheinvitationtomyfriend’sbirthdaypartyhopefully(满怀希望地)．4．Marywasterrified(害怕)atthescenewhenshesawwhathadhappened.5．Thenewsquareisfourtimesthesizeoftheprevious(先前的)one.6．Youaresupposedtofullyconsideranypossibility(可能性)ofdefeatbeforesteppingintobusiness.7．Despitethewarning(警告)fromthelocalgovernment,thetravelerswenttoplaybythesea.8．Thiscouldcauseseriousdamage(破坏)tothecountry’seconomy.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．Davidisoneofthemostintelligentstudentsthatwehadevermet.had→have2．Severalofthepassengerswerehurtandonewastakentohospitalinthistrafficaccident.Lucky,nonewaskilled.Lucky→Luckily3．Fromhisterrifyinglook,wecouldseetheboywasterrifiedofthestranger.terrifying→terrified4．Thewholecitylayinruinaftertheearthquake,whichmadethemlieawakeallnight.ruin→ruins5．Isthereanypossibilitywhetherwegetthereintime？whether→thateq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)课文语篇改错About400earthquakesoccurworldwideeveryday,morethanahundredthousandsinayear.TheCaliforniaEarthquakeof18thofApril1906istheworstearthquakewhichhaseverhappenedintheUnitedStates.Thoughitwaslastedforonlyaminute,itcausedtheworsenaturaldisasterinthenation’shistory.FirescausingbytheCaliforniaEarthquakedidthemostdamages.Thefiresburnedforthreedays,destroyedatotalof25，000buildings.About500peoplearekilledinthecityofSanFranciscoand250，000weremadehomeless.InthewholeofCalifornia,theearthquakeandfirescausedabout3，000death.答案：About400earthquakesoccurworldwideeveryday,morethanahundredeq\f(thousands,thousand)inayear.TheCaliforniaEarthquakeofeq\o(\s\up7(∧,the))18thofApril1906istheworstearthquakeeq\f(which,that)haseverhappenedintheUnitedStates.Thoughiteq\o(was,\s\up0(＼))lastedforonlyaminute,itcausedtheeq\f(worse,worst)naturaldisasterinthenation’shistory.Fireseq\f(causing,caused)bytheCaliforniaEarthquakedidthemosteq\f(damages,damage).Thefiresburnedforthreedays,eq\f(destroyed,destroying)atotalof25，000buildings.About500peopleeq\f(are,were)killedinthecityofSanFranciscoand250，000weremadehomeless.InthewholeofCalifornia,theearthquakeandfirescausedabout3，000eq\f(death,deaths).eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．—Thebuildingwasonfirefortwohourslastnight.—Someonemusthavesetfiretoit.2．Thesoldiersweresenttothatareaimmediatelytosavethepeopletrappedintheruins(ruin)．3．ChineseisoneoftheeasiestlanguagesthatIhave__learnt(learn)．4．HespentverylittletimelearningEnglish,perhapsnomorethanoneyearinall.5．Thiskindofpoorpackingcaneasilycausedamagetothegoods.6．(2019·广东佛山高一月考)Doyouthinkthereisanypossibility(possible)thatlifeexistsonthatplanet?7．Igottothestationlate,butluckily(luck)thetrainwasstillthere.8．—Doyouknowhowthebuildingcaughtfire?—No.Butthefirehad__been__put(put)outalreadybeforewearrived.9．Igavehimawarning(warn)nottogothere,buthedidn’tfollowit.10．Thechildrenwereterrified(terrify)bythescreamingfromthebasement.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解Weoftenhearthesaying，“You’veagreaterchanceofbeingstruckbylightningthan...”Itisusedtodescribesomethingthathasn’tgotmuchchanceofhappening.However,thismonsayingundermines(削弱)theveryrealdangeroflightning.LastFriday,atleastfivepeoplewerekilledbylightninginNepal.LightningstrikesarethesecondmostmoncauseofdeathsamongnaturaldisastersintheUS.Thefirstisfloods.Around400peoplenationwidearestruckbylightningeachyear,andofthose,about73peopledie.Morepeoplearekilledbylightningthanbytornadoesandhurricanes.Becauselightningkillsonlyoneortwopeopleatatime,itsdangerdoesnotreceiveasmuchattentionasotherdisasters.Toraiseawareness(意识)ofthedamageoflightning,theUShasmadeJune22－28NationalLightningSafetyWeek;itaimstowarnthepublicofthedangeroflightningandprovidesafetytipsaboutwhattododuringthunderstorms.“Ifyoucanhearthunder(雷),youareindangerofbeingstruckbylightning，”saidRockyLopes,adisastereducatorattheAmericanRedCross.“Thundermeansthatlightningiscloseenoughtohityouatanyminute,soyoushouldmoveindoorsimmediatelyandstaythereuntilthestormhasended.Thesinglemostimportantthingtorememberistofindahidingplace，”Lopessaid.Summeristhetimeformostlightningstorms,sowhenlightningstrikesacrossthesky,rememberthesesafetytips:stopworking,fishing,swimmingorplayinginanopenarea.Ifyoucountlessthantensecondsbetweenthethunderandthelightningflash,takecoverinsidethenearestbuilding.Ifthatisnotpossible,followtheseinstructions：Donotstandunderatree.Donotuseamobilephone.Getoffbicyclesormotorcycles.Crouch(蹲下)downifthereisnohidingplace.【解题导语】本文就怎样避免雷击给出了一些建议。1．Thepopularopinionaboutbeingstruckbylightningisthat________．A．thereisagreaterchanceofbeingkilledbylightningthanbyanyothernaturaldisasterB．itisthemostdangerousamongallthenaturaldisastersC．thechancethatapersontobestruckbylightningisverysmallD．itisimpossibleforpeopletobekilledbylightningC解析：细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知。“hasn’tgotmuchchanceofhappening”和“thechanceisverysmall”的意思一致，指可能性很小。2．Onaverage,about________ofpeoplestruckbylightningdieasaresult.A．18.25% B．50%C．30% D．73%A解析：数字计算题。由第二段提供的信息可推算概率为73÷400×100%＝18.25%。3．Amongallthesafetytips,themostimportantoneisthatwhenyouareoutsideandhearthunderyoushould________．A．standbesideyourbicycleormotorcycleB．quicklyfindaplacetohideC．counttensecondsbetweenthethunderandthelightningD．notuseahairdrierB解析：细节理解题。由第六段第一句的后半句可知。4．Duringthunderstorms,youshouldnot________．A．enteraplacetohideB．turnofftheTVC．closeyourwindowD．useyourmobilephoneD解析：细节理解题。从文章末尾的“Donotuseamobilephone.”可知。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空OnAugust26,1999,NewYorkCitywasstruckbyaterriblerainstorm.Theraincausedthestreetsto__1__andthesubwaysystemalmostcametoastop.Unfortunately,thishappenedduringthemorningrushhour.Manypeoplewhoweregoingtoworkwere__2__togohome.Somebattledto__3__ataxiortogetonabus.Stillothersfacedthe__4__bravely,walkingmilestogettowork.I__5__tobeoneofpeopleonthewaytoworkthatmorning.Iwentfromsubwaylinetosubwaylineonlytofindthatmost__6__hadstopped.Aftermakingmyway__7__crowdsofpeople,Ifinallyfoundasubwaylinethatwas__8__.Unfortunately,thereweresomanypeoplewaitingto__9__thesubwaythatIcouldnotevengetdownthestairstothe__10__.SoItookthetraingoingintheoppositedirection,andthenswitchedbacktothedowntowntrain.Finally,afterwhatseemedlikeforever,thetrain__11__mystop.ThenIhadtowalkseveralblocksintheincreasinglyheavyrain.WhenIfinallygottomyoffice,Iwas__12__through,exhaustedand__13__．Myco­workersandIspentmostofthedaydryingoff.Whenitwas5：00p．m.,Iwasreadytogohome.Iwasabouttoturnoffmyputer__14__Ireceivedane­mailfromGarth,myDirector：“Iwouldliketothankallofyouwhomadetheeffortand__15__reportedtowork.Itisalwaysreassuring(令人欣慰的),attimeslikethese,whenemployeessoclearlyshowtheir__16__totheirjobs.Thankyou.”Garth’se­mailwasshort,butIlearnedmorefromthat__17__messagethanIeverdidfromatextbook.Thee­mailtaughtmethatafewwordsof__18__canmakeabigdifference.Therainstormandthetraffic__19__hadmademetiredandupset.ButGarth’swordsimmediately__20__meandputasmilebackonmyface.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描写了在暴风雨来袭时，仍有很多人坚持去上班，但心情不免有些沮丧，而经理的一封感谢信却使人精神重新振作起来，揭示了“表扬给人以力量和信心”这个主题。1．A.break B．floodC．sink D．crashB解析：可怕的暴风雨造成的后果是洪水“泛滥”，所以选B。flood“大量涌入；泛滥”，符合语境。2．A.forced B．refusedC．adjusted D．gatheredA解析：地铁的停止运行“迫使”上班的人不得不回家。force“强迫；迫使”；sb.beforcedtodosth.“某人被迫做某事”。3．A.order