2022届广东省深圳市南山区高三下学期开学考试英语试卷 Word版含答案

1、2022届广东省深圳市南山区高三下学期开学考试英语试卷考生须知：1. 全卷分试卷 、，试卷共10页。 卷满分为65分， 卷满分为55分，全卷共120分。考试时间共120分钟。2. 请用2B铅笔将 卷答案填涂在答题卡上。 卷答案必须写在答题卷的相应位置上。 卷选择题（共65分）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。ABrecon Beacons YAC has an amazing opportunity for budding（崭露头角的）archaeologists（考古学家）of

2、all ages, in Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. Thanks to funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund, professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong will be investigating an archaeological mystery and they need your help.Romans?“The site is a bit of a mystery”, Frank Giecco from Wardell Armstrong said. “T

3、here is a very nice cropmark recorded on the site that has got lots of people very excited. Geophysicists（地质物理学家）failed to find anything related to the cropmark. There is anecdotal evidence of Roman material being found, but nothing is officially recorded. We hope to finally answer the question of w

4、hat is in this field, during the two weeks on site. Is there evidence of any Roman occupation on the site? Can you help us find out?”Get involvedThis is an opportunity for both adults and children to take part in field walking and trial trenching (small hand - dug test pits for children). No experie

5、nce is necessary, training will be provided by the professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong, and all equipment will be provided. Volunteers can attend for as few or as many days as they wish, but they do need to book a place.For more information, and to book your place, please contact Norm

6、an Kirtlan at sunderlandforgottenstones.21.Who is the activity probably intended for?A. Families.B. Experts.C. Officials.D. Romans.22.If you take part in the activity, you _.A. will be charged for using equipmentB. will be coached by experts in the fieldC. should have worked with archaeologists befo

7、reD. should spare two weeks to stay at the site23.Whats the main purpose of the activity?A. To seek funding for archaeological research.B. To appeal for help in proving findings based on anecdotal evidence.C. To find volunteers to help solve an archaeological mystery.D. To organize volunteers to hel

8、p sort out data on the Roman occupation.BOfficer Michael Rivers, a policeman who was snapped and the image shared on Facebook, as he sat sharing his lunch with a homeless woman at the side of the road in North Carolina, in the USA, is praised.According to Chris Barnes, his wife Cassie took the photo

9、 while she was on her lunch break. She saw the pair sharing a pizza and soft drink while they were having a friendly chat. Mr. Barnes uploaded the image with the notes: “Cassie was out on her lunch break and observed the officer enjoying lunch with a homeless person.”Officer Rivers recalled seeing t

10、he woman earlier that day. He told Yahoo news: “I was leaving the parking lot of Walmart and she was standing by the stop sign. Her shirt read, Homeless the fastest way of becoming a nobody. I hated that she felt that way.” He added: “I always try to talk the homeless just to see how they got into t

11、heir situation. You know, because it can happen to any one of us, at any given moment.”After he drove away, he circled back to ask if the woman was hungry and if she wanted food. The officer said she was honored by his offer. He bought them both pizza and Mountain Dew and when the pair sat down to e

12、at, he learned of her family struggles and told her: “Hey, you still got stuff to live for, you still got your life ahead of you. Its never too late.”Officer Rivers, who does recruiting for the Goldsboro PD, hopes to send a message of sympathy for others. He added: “When the younger or newer guys co

13、me in, I let them know, Hey treating the community like human beings is the most important thing in the world.”“So, if we as police officers show that love and sympathy to everybody, no matter their age, financial background or race, the world would be a better place.”24.Why did Chris Barnes share t

14、he photo on Facebook?A. Because it was taken by his wife.B. Because the officer was his friend.C. Because the officer was handsome.D. Because he was impressed by the officers action.25.Why did the officer come back for the homeless woman?A. Because she asked him for food.B. Because her situation was

15、 serious.C. Because he wanted to make a difference for her.D. Because he wanted to become an interact celebrity.26.What does the officer want to pass on to his new colleagues?A. Anyone can become homeless at any given moment.B. Policemen should be sympathetic and caring.C. Policemen should become he

16、roes.D. People should learn to draw others attention.27.What does the text mainly talk about?A. A policeman seen sharing lunch with a homeless woman.B. How policemen help the homeless.C. A lucky homeless woman.D. How to become a good model for policemen.CThunderstorms often show up uninvited to Carn

17、ival（狂欢节）in Brazil. This years attempt to influence the skies took place in San Pablo by a partys official sponsor, Skoal, a Brazilian beer brand. “The fun stops when it rains,” says Pedro Ada my, Skoals marketing director. So do beer sales.An airplane painted with Skoals logo sprayed（喷洒）water dropl

18、ets into clouds to make rain fall before the clouds reached the city. According to its YouTube video that has been viewed 12 million times, it is a “mission worthy of science fiction”.Whether its science or fiction is up for debate. The use of cloud-seeding to increase rainfall dates back to the 194

19、0s. But the United States government stopped funding it in the 1980s due to a lack of “scientific proof of the effectiveness of intentional weather change”, according to the National Research Council. A new paper based on experiments in Idaho found that seeding clouds with silver iodide increased sn

20、owfall on three occasions, but the authors say that more research is needed to find out if it can reliably promote precipitation（降水）. Paulo Artaxo, a Brazilian physicist, says flatly that cloud-seeding is “useless”.Still, governments and firms in many countries use the technology. Sao Pablos water c

21、ompany has signed million dollar contracts with ModClima to bring rain, most recently during a drought in 2014-15. Although cloud-seeding normally uses a chemical such as silver iodide to provide a surface around which water or ice droplets from, ModClima says it has invented an “experimental” metho

22、d that uses water alone.Carnival-goers cheered when the first two days were cloudy but dry. Many shared Skoals video. But at around 5 pm on February 24th, the sky darkened and rain poured down. Celebrants at one block party left the Skoal stands and rushed to buy umbrellas and plastic rain capes.28.

23、Why did Skoal support cloud-seeding?A. To increase rainfall.B. To promote its beer sales.C. To provide evidence for a research.D. To highlight the theme of the Carnival.29.Which is Artaxos attitude toward cloud-seeding?A. Objective.B. Doubtful.C. Conservative.D. Negative.30.Why was the US government

24、 no longer in favor of cloud-seeding?A. Its outcome couldnt be proved.B. It worked in limited situations.C. It needed more field researches.D. It used an un-ecofriendly chemical.31.What is the best title of the text?A. Could rain ruin fun?B. How do we change weather?C. Could we rely on intentional r

25、ain?D. How do we avoid cloud-seeding pollution?DColin Chapman, the founder of Lotus Cars, was one of motor racings most influential engineers. He summed up his philosophy as “simplify, then add lightness”. A simple, featherweight car might be slower on the straights than a beefy muscle-machine, he r

26、easoned. But it would be faster everywhere else. Between 1962 and 1978 Lotus won seven Formula One constructors championships.It appears to be an uncommon insight since humans always struggle with subtractive thinking. When asked to improve something, they tend to suggest adding new things rather th

27、an removing some, even when additions lead to not satisfying results. In one study conducted by Gabrielle Adams, along with colleagues at the University of Virginia, participants were asked to change a pattern on a grid（网格）of coloured squares to make it balanced. Although that could be done equally

28、well by adding new squares or by deleting existing ones, 78% chose the additive option.But why people forget that less is often more? One experiment asked participants to redesign and unbalance Lego structure so that it could support a house-brick. Participants could earn a dollar for fixing the pro

29、blem, but each piece of Lego they added cut that reward by ten cents. Even then, only 41% worked out that simplifying the structure by removing one single block, rather than complicating it by adding more, was the way to maximize the payout. Practice improved peoples chances of spotting subtractive

30、solutions, suggesting that many were simply not thinking of the possibility, at least at first.What all this amounts to is evidence for “additive thinking” entering the list of “cognitive biases”（认知偏差）. The 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for demonstrating that humans are

31、not thinking logically as economists do. Instead of thinking a problem through and coming up with an ideal solution, they tend to use cognitive shortcuts that are fast andmostly “good enough”.32.Why is Chapmans case mentioned in paragraph 1?A. To prove his philosophy.B. To introduce the topic.C. To

32、support the argument.D. To provide an example.33.What were the participants asked to do in Adams study?A. To balance a pattern.B. To plus new squares.C. To delete original squares.D. To change a patterns colour.34.What can we know about subtractive thinking for paragraph 3?A. It can make things more

33、 complex.B. It is a shortcut to gaining a fortune.C. It can be facilitated through practice.D. It is a common way to tackle problems.35.What does the author try to convey through the text?A. Less is often more.B. Think less and act more.C. Additive thinking is a shortcut.D. Economists think more log

34、ically.第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Are You a Prisoner of PerfectionDo you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? _36_ Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you cant achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfection is the fi

35、rst step toward releasing this self - created anchor that keeps us stuck.Shame and fear are often the hidden drives of perfection. We believe that if we fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and well win respe

36、ct and approval._37_ Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability（弱点）will expose them to the accusation that theyre weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, an

37、d polished, even when its obvious that the emperor has no clothes.Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. Were constantly evaluating ourselves in order to be better. _38_ However, if we cant relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully se

38、lf - conscious and take ourselves too serious. Sadly, we deprive（剥夺）ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves._39_ We realized that failing at any enterprise doesnt mean that we are a failure. Without failures, well never learn from our mistakes; well never move for

39、ward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.Being human, perfection is impossible. _40_ Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, were freed to sail gracefully through our success and

40、 failures - and enjoy our precious life.A.Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize?B.A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.C.Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself?D.The addition to staying perfect protects us from

41、 any sign of being imperfect.E.Theres nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self - correcting along the way.F.People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.G.By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid of the shame t

42、hat drives perfectionism.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。It had been a long business trip. We had already had multiple flight delays, so I was pleased when we _41_ boarded the plane on schedule. The flight attendants shut the door, _42_ the passengers

43、, and soon after, I heard the sound of the engines firing, which seemed quite _43_ to me.It is common in Atlanta that we had to wait a bit on the _44_ for our turn. And then finally we started moving slowly. _45_, when we did so for about ten minutes, suddenly the plane stopped. An announcement came

44、 that wed have a delay, and wed be in a holding pattern（等待航线）for a little while.That “little while” _46_ 90 minutes at last. It was almost 40 degrees and we were _47_ in the small plane with almost no air conditioning. It seemed like a(n) _48_! So when the plane took off in the end, all the passenge

45、rs couldnt help cheering.Waiting is not something that comes easily to me. Im more like the sports car with the engine _49_ waiting at the crossing. The moment the traffic light turns greens, I will rush out urgently.But now, as Ive reached my advanced age, Ive _50_ something: When I have to stay in

46、 a “holding pattern”, it will be wise to accept that with _51_ and a good attitude.Sometimes those “holding patterns” are for my _52_. They teach me something connect with someone, or make me wait until things are _53_. Sometimes those “holding patterns” seem very long and _54_ just like the one on

47、the hot airplane but I should trust everything will be OK. I should know what I can do is just have _55_ with the difficult time.41.A. actuallyB. happilyC. instantlyD. deliberately42.A. settledB. comfortedC. linedD. investigated43.A. disgustingB. sharpC. certainD. beautiful44.A. runwayB. platformC.

48、pavementD. road45.A. ThereforeB. OtherwiseC. InsteadD. However46.A. turned intoB. made upC. ran out ofD. led to47.A. limitedB. trappedC. expectedD. forbidden48.A. dreamB. failureC. disasterD. adventure49.A. breaking downB. runningC. losing controlD. dying50.A. confirmedB. deservedC. experiencedD. re

49、alized51.A. gratitudeB. painC. kindnessD. awe52.A. tasteB. rightC. benefitD. excitement53.A. in a messB. in storeC. in placeD. in common54.A. unbearableB. frighteningC. discouragingD. strange55.A. courageB. confidenceC. patienceD. curiosity 卷（主观题共55分）第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单

50、词的正确形式。The UNESCO Global Geo park（地质公园）consists of six local communities, each with their own featured _56_(attraction) ranging from mini farms to geological gardens. These communities were looking for ways to develop sustainable ecotourism in this rural area.Very recently, the Geo park acquired an

51、_57_(abandon) church building and will transform it into a new Geo park Centre _58_ will serve not only as a community and visitor centre, but also offer a range of services and facilities. It is intended that such services and facilities will contribute to the long term _59_(finance) sustainability

52、 of the Geo park and create sustainable employment opportunities.As an outdoor laboratory for local schools, the Geo park focuses on _60_ fun, interactive, discovery learning style, aiming to build pride in the communities. They also work with universities _61_ adult education centers covering a wid

53、e range of subjects including local geology, archaeology and architecture. The geological garden serves _62_(explain) key events in the earths history (creature evolution, climate change, plate structure theory etc.), and _63_(be) a popular picnic spot. They use kite photography, geophysical surveys

54、 and seismometers（地震仪）to make learning _64_(excite). The new Geo park Centre _65_(annual) provides hands-on learning as well as specialist talks and demonstrations.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）在首个关于全球青少年运动趋势的研究报告中称，全球大约有80%的青少年缺乏锻炼。假若你是李华，请根据以下要点准备一篇英语发言稿，在你校的升旗礼上发言，内容

55、包括：1. 中学生缺乏运动的原因；2. 给你校同学推荐一项运动，并说明理由。注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear fellow students,_第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。I was in my room, unwilling to head to the community theatre with “my brother” Henry. He was just adopted by my parents recently. I was not in the mood for being on stage with him.“Kristie, come here,” my mom called. Following her voice, I found her outside the bathroom, holding a wet book. She gave the book a shake. “Henrys book was in the bath