新教材2023高中英语Unit5LaunchingYourCareerSectionIILearningAboutLanguage课件新人教版选择性必修第四册

SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage

复习长句一、单句合成长句(一)并列句【观察思考】▶Weboughtherabirthdaygift.Shelikeditverymuch.→Weboughtherabirthdaygiftandshelikeditverymuch.我们给她买了一件生日礼物,她非常喜欢。▶Youshouldpickupourdaughteratfivethisafternoon.Shewillhavetowalkhome.→Youshouldpickupourdaughteratfivethisafternoon,orshewillhavetowalkhome.你应该下午5点钟接女儿,否则她就得走着回家了。▶Shelooksveryyoung.Sheisalreadyinher40’s.→Shelooksveryyoung,butsheisalreadyinher40’s.她看起来很年轻,但她已经四十多岁了。▶Shefeltverytired.Shewenttobedearly.→Shefeltverytired,soshewenttobedearly.她感到很疲倦,所以早早就睡觉了。【探究总结】由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。(1)并列关系:常用的连词有

(同,和),有时也用notonly...but(also)...等。

(2)选择关系:常用的连词有

(或者;否则),有时也用either...or等。

(3)转折关系:常用的连词有

(但是,可是),yet(可是),while(而,却)等。

(4)因果关系:常用的连词有for(因为)和

(所以,因此)等。

答案:(1)and

(2)or

(3)but

(4)so【应用实践】用适当的并列连词填空。①Thereisalotoftrafficinthiscity,

lookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet.

②BruceandBrandyarestudyinginthesameschool,

theycomefromdifferentcountries.

③Youcaneatthesnackinthecanteen

youcantakeithome.

④Saraisnowontheplane

shewillarrivehomeintwohours.

答案:①so

②but

③or

④and(二)主从复合句1.状语从句【观察思考】▶Heleft.Icouldsaysomething.→HeleftbeforeIcouldsaysomething.我还没来得及说什么他就走了。▶Youshouldputthebookback.Itwasatthatplace.→Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.你应当把这本书放回原处。▶Wecan’tfindagasstation.Wewillhavetowaitforhelp.→Ifwecan’tfindagasstation,wewillhavetowaitforhelp.如果我们找不到加油站,我们就只能等待救援了。▶Mycoffeewastoocold.Iheateditinthemicrowave.→Becausemycoffeewastoocold,Iheateditinthemicrowave.因为我的咖啡太凉了,所以我用微波炉热了一下。▶Jerryspedupthecar.Hecouldarriveattheairportintime.→Jerryspedupthecarsothathecouldarriveattheairportintime.杰瑞加快车速以便能及时赶到机场。▶Itwassuchacoldnight.Westayedathome.→Itwassuchacoldnightthatwestayedathome.那是一个非常寒冷的夜晚,我们都待在家里。【探究总结】状语从句主要通过连词来表达不同意义,复合句中状语从句的主要类型及连接词(组):

类型连接词(组)时间状语从句when,while,as,whenever,after,①

,till(until),since,once,assoonas(themoment),bythetime,nosooner...than,hardly(scarcely)...when,everytime等地点状语从句②

和wherever

条件状语从句③

,unless,so(as)longas,onconditionthat,so(as)faras,ifonly

原因状语从句④

,since,as,nowthat(既然)

目的状语从句so,⑤

(从句谓语常含有情态动词),inorderthat,incase(以防,以免)

⑥

状语从句so...that,such...that,sothat(从句谓语一般不含有情态动词)让步状语从句although,though,as,while,evenif/eventhough,however,whether...or,nomatterwho(when,what)等比较状语从句than,so(as)...as,themore...themore方式状语从句as,asif/asthough等答案:①before

②where

③if

④because

⑤sothat

⑥结果【应用实践】用适当的从属连词填空。①

itwasverylong,themoviewasstillenjoyable.

②

Icameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.

③Icamebacklateyesterday,

Iwasonduty.

④Hewillcometopickmeup

wehavedecidedthismorning.

⑤Itissointerestinganovel

allofuswanttoreadit.

⑥We’dbetternotleavethecompany

itstopsraining.

答案:①Although/Though/While

②When③because

④where

⑤that

⑥unless/until2.定语从句【观察思考】▶Billsentmeaphoto.Itwastakeninhighschool.→Billsentmeaphotothat/whichwastakeninhighschool.比尔发送给我一张高中时拍的照片。▶IwillneverforgetLaura.ShewasmyfirstEnglishteacher.→IwillneverforgetLaurawhowasmyfirstEnglishteacher.我永远不会忘记我的第一位英语老师劳拉。▶Pleasepassmethebook.Itscoverisgreen.→Pleasepassmethebookwhosecoverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮书。▶IthappenedinNovember.Theweatherwaswetandcold.→IthappenedinNovemberwhentheweatherwaswetandcold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。▶Thisisthevillage.Iwasborn.→ThisisthevillagewhereIwasborn.这是我出生的村子。▶Thesearethereasons.Wedoit.→Thesearethereasonswhywedoit.这些就是我们这样做的理由。【探究总结】定语从句主要依靠关系词与主句进行连接,其主要表现形式为:类别关系词使用条件关系①

②

修饰人或物,在从句中常作主语或宾语;不能引导非限制性定语从句which修饰物,在从句中常作主语或宾语;③

(能/不能)引导非限制性定语从句who/whom修饰人,在从句中常作主语(who)或宾语(who、whom);可引导非限制性定语从句whose修饰人或物,在从句中作④

;能引导非限制性定语从句;可与ofwhich/whom互换as指代主句内容,引导非限制性定语从句关系副词⑤

修饰时间名词,在从句中作时间状语where修饰地点名词,在从句中作地点状语why修饰reason,在从句中作原因状语(=forwhich)答案:①代词②that

③能④定语⑤when【应用实践】合成含有定语从句的长句。①Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.→

②Themanismyuncle.Hecameherelastnight.→

③Istillremembertheday.Icamehereonthatday.→

④Thisisthehouse.Ilivedinthishouselastyear.→

⑤Therearemanyreasons.Peopleliketravellingformanyreasons.→

⑥Theteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.→

⑦Theearthisround.Itisknowntous.→

答案:①Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtyesterdaywerenotfresh.②Themanwho/thatcameherelastnightismyuncle.③IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.④ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.⑤Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketravelling.⑥TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.⑦Asisknowntous,theearthisround.3.名词性从句(1)主语从句。【观察思考】▶Hefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttime.Itsurprisedusall.→Thathefinishedwritingthecompositioninsuchashorttimesurprisedusall.他在如此短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶。▶Everyoneshouldbehonestduringthetest.Itisimportant.→Itisimportantthateveryoneshouldbehonestduringthetest.重要的是每个人在考试期间都应该诚实。▶Doyouattendthemeetingornot?Itdoesn’tmattertous.→Whetheryouattendthemeetingdoesn’tmattertous.你是否参加这次会议对我们来说并不重要。【探究总结】主语从句的常用引导词及句式结构:类别引导词功能词义句式结构从属连词that不作成分无词义·That+从句+谓语...·Itis/was+n./adj.+that...whether不作成分①

Whether+从句+谓语...连接代词what/whatever作主语、宾语、表语所……的/无论什么What+从句+谓语...②

作主语或宾语谁/无论谁·连接代词/连接副词+从句+谓语...·It+is/was+n./adj.+连接副词+从句which/whichever作定语哪一个(些)/无论哪一个(些)③

whose起修饰作用谁的when作④

何时where何地why为何how如何答案:①是否②who/whoever

③连接副词④状语【应用实践】用适当的引导词填空。①Itwasstrange

hehadmadeamistake.

②

weneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.

③

hewilljoinuswon’tmaketoomuchdifference.

④

IwanttosayisthatIwillsupportyoutotheend.

答案:①that

②That

③Whether

④What(2)宾语从句。【观察思考】▶Thecomputerwillfinallytaketheplaceofhumanbeings.Theybelieveit.→Theybelievethatthecomputerwillfinallytaketheplaceofhumanbeings.他们相信计算机终将代替人类。▶WillyougofishingonSunday?Heasks.→Heaskswhether/ifwewillgofishingonSunday.他问我们周日是否会去钓鱼。▶Whathadoccurredthatday?Hewasdeeplydispleased.→Hewasdeeplydispleasedbywhathadoccurredthatday.他对那天发生的事深感不快。【探究总结】宾语从句的常用引导词及意义:类别引导词在从句中的功能词义①

that不作成分无词义②

不作成分是否连接代词③

作主语、宾语、表语、定语所……的who谁which哪一个/些whose起修饰作用谁的连接副词when作状语何时where何地why为何④

如何答案:①从属连词②whether/if

③what

④how【应用实践】用适当的引导词填空。①Iwanttoknow

hefinishedhishomeworklastnight.

②Excuseme,canyoutellme

thetrainislate?

③Hetoldme

hewouldgotoLondonthenextday.

④Theywouldthankyoufor

youhaddoneforthem.

⑤Bettythinks

treescanimprovetheair.

答案:①whether/if

②why

③that

④what

⑤that(3)表语从句。【观察思考】▶Youshouldlearntoimitateandpractisealot.ThekeytoimprovingyourspokenEnglishisthat.→ThekeytoimprovingyourspokenEnglishisthatyoushouldlearntoimitateandpractisealot.提高你英语口语的关键是你应该学会模仿并大量练习。▶Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.Thatisthereasonforit.→Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.那就是他昨天没来上学的原因。▶Willthesupermarketpayattentiontotheproblem?Thatismydoubt.→Mydoubtiswhetherthesupermarketwillpayattentiontotheproblem.我怀疑超市是否会关注这一问题。【探究总结】表语从句的常用引导词及意义:类别引导词在从句中的功能词义从属连词that不作成分无词义whether①

(作/不作)成分

是否连接代词what作主语、宾语、表语、定语所……的②

谁which哪一个/些whose起修饰作用谁的连接副词when作③

语

何时where何地why为何how如何答案:①不作②who

③状【应用实践】用适当的引导词填空。①Hisworryis

theheavysnowwouldblockthewayovernight.

②Thequestionis

wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.

③Americawas

wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.

④Theproblemis

wecanmastermodernscienceandtechnologyinashorttime.

答案:①that

②whether

③what

④how(4)同位语从句。【观察思考】▶Hewillcome.Wearegladatthenews.→Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。▶Whoshoulddothework?Thequestionrequiresconsideration.→Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.谁该干这项工作,这个问题需要考虑。【探究总结】同位语从句的常用引导词及意义:类别引导词在从句中的功能词义从属连词that①

(作/不作)成分无词义whether不作成分②

连接代词what作主语、宾语、表语、定语所……的who谁which哪一个/些whose起修饰作用谁的连接副词when作状语何时where何地why为何how如何答案:①不作②是否【应用实践】合成含有同位语从句的长句。①Thenewssoonspreadoverthewholeschool.Thenewsisthattheyhadwonthegame.→

②Heraisedtheproblemtothegovernment.Theproblemiswhethertheprojectwasworthdoing.→

③Myfathermadeapromise.Hispromiseisthathewouldbuymeabicycleformybirthday.→

④Icouldn’tanswerthequestion.Wherecanwefindsuchaperson?→

答案:①Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.②Heraisedtheproblemtothegovernmentwhethertheprojectwasworthdoing.③Myfathermadeapromisethathewouldbuymeabicycleformybirthday.④Icouldn’tanswerthequestionwherewecanfindsuchaperson.二、并列复合句及分析方法【观察思考】▶Somepeopleknowwhattheywanttodofromayoungage,butmanyothersjusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirheads.有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么,但更多的人只是有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。▶HecamebackwithaflowerthathespeciallypickedforLily,butshejustdidn’tlikeit.他回来时带了一朵专