新教材高中英语Unit4ExploringliteratureSectionⅢExtendedreadingProjectAssessmentFurtherstudy学案牛津译林版必修第二册

SectionⅢExtendedreading,Project,Assessment&FurtherstudyⅠ.核心词汇1．______vt.击败，战胜n.失败，战胜；击败2．______vt.&n.努力，尝试，试图3．______n.用劲，使力；压力，拉力；重负4．______adv.在……旁边；与……一起5．______vt.完成6．______adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的7．______vi.&vt.迂回行进，穿行；编8．______adj.糊状的，软而稠的9．______n.闪光；闪现vt.&vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．____adv.极其，非常，极端→____adj.极大的；极度的；极端的2．____vt.摧毁，毁灭，破坏→____n．摧毁；破坏3．____vt.挺直；(使)变直，变正→____adj.直的4．____adj.糊涂的，迷惑的；不清楚的，混乱的→____vt.使困惑；弄错→____adj.令人困惑的；模糊不清的；难懂的Ⅲ.重点短语1．______受敬重的，令人钦佩的，受喜爱的2．______半途地，部分地3．______伸手去拿4．______(头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理5．______正要做某事Ⅳ.重点句型我从来没有见过比你更大、更美丽、更镇静、更高贵的东西，兄弟。________agreater,ormorebeautiful,oracalmerormorenoblethingthanyou,brother.根据课文内容选择正确答案1．Whathappenedwhenthefishermanthoughthewouldsucceed?A．Hedecidedtogiveupsincethefishwassobeautiful.B．Helostcontrolofthefishanditescaped.C．Hewaspulledoverbythebiggestfish.D．Hefeltsofaintthathecouldn'tmove.2．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthefisherman?A．Helikedplayingacat-and-mousegame.B．Henearlygotkilledonseveraloccasions.C.Heshowednorespectforhisrivalinthisfiercebattle.D．Hewasdramaticallyexhaustedandwastogiveup.3．Whatkindofpersonwasthefisherman?A．Discouragedandimpatient.B．Determinedandfriendly.C．Ridiculousandoptimistic.D．Hardworkingandgenerous.4．Whatmightthethemeofthisstorybelinkedwith?A．Environmentalprotection.B．Humanspirit.C．Manandnature.D．Moralcourage.TheOldManandtheSea(Excerpt)ErnestHemingway(1899～1961),anAmericanwriterofnovelsandshortstories,iswellthoughtofforhisuniquewritingstyle.Heisextremelygoodatdescribingtheadventuresoftoughmenwhohebelieves“canbedestroyedbutnotdefeated”[1].TheOldManandtheSea,oneofhismostimportantnovels,tellsthestoryofafishermannamedSantiago.Afteringinempty-handedforeighty-fourdays,Santiagoattemptstocatchahugefish.[1]此处是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词men，who在定语从句中作主语。在该定语从句中，hebelieves为插入语。Thefishwasinginonhiscirclenowcalmandbeautifullookingandonlyhisgreattailmoving[2].Theoldmanpulledonhimallthathecouldtobringhimcloser[3].Forjustamomentthefishturnedalittleonhisside.Thenhestraightenedhimselfandbegananothercircle.[2]句中calmandbeautifullooking及onlyhisgreattailmoving均为伴随状语。[3]此处的all是withallhisstrength的省略形式；thathecould是定语从句修饰all，从句中could后省略了gather;tobringhimcloser是动词不定式作目的状语。“Imovedhim，”theoldmansaid.“Imovedhimthen.”Hefeltfaintagainnowbutheheldonthegreatfishallthestrainthathecould[4].Imovedhim,hethought.MaybethistimeIcangethimover.Pull,hands,hethought.Holdup,legs.Lastforme,head.Lastforme.Youneverwent.ThistimeI'llpullhimover.[4]句中strain是先行词，thathecould是定语从句，从句中could后省略了gather。Butwhenheputallofhisefforton,startingitwelloutbeforethefishcamealongsideandpullingwithallhisstrength[5],thefishpulledpartwayoverandthenrightedhimselfandswamaway.[5]when引导时间状语从句，从句中startingit...andpullingwith...是现在分词短语作伴随状语；在第一个伴随状语startingitwelloutbeforethefishcamealongside中，又含有before引导的时间状语从句。“Fish，”theoldmansaid.“Fish,youaregoingtohavetodieanyway.Doyouhavetokillmetoo？”Thatwaynothingisacplished,hethought.Hismouthwastoodrytospeak[6]buthecouldnotreachforthewaternow.Imustgethimalongsidethistime,hethought.Iamnotgoodformanymoreturns.Yesyouare,hetoldhimself.You'regoodforever.[6]句中too...to...意为“太……而不能……”。Onthenextturn,henearlyhadhim.Butagainthefishrightedhimselfandswamslowlyaway.Youarekillingme,fish,theoldmanthought.Butyouhavearightto.NeverhaveIseenagreater,ormorebeautiful,oracalmerormorenoblethingthanyou,brother[7].eonandkillme.Idonotcarewhokillswho.[7]本句使用了“否定词＋比较级”结构，否定词never与比较级greater,morebeautiful,calmer及morenoble连用，表示最高级含义。其中否定词never置于句首，句子使用了部分倒装。Nowyouaregettingconfusedinthehead,hethought.Youmustkeepyourheadclear.Keepyourheadclearandknowhowtosufferlikeaman[8].Orafish,hethought.[8]这是“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构作动词know的宾语。“Clearup,head,”hesaidinavoicehecouldhardlyhear[9].“Clearup.”[9]这是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词voice。关系代词在从句中作hear的宾语，故可省略。Twicemoreitwasthesameontheturns.Idonotknow,theoldmanthought.Hehadbeenonthepointoffeelinghimselfgoeachtime.Idonotknow.ButIwilltryitoncemore.Hetrieditoncemoreandhefelthimselfgoingwhenheturnedthefish.Thefishrightedhimselfandswamoffagainslowlywiththegreattailweavingintheair[10].[10]withthegreattailweavingintheair是with的复合结构，weavingintheair是现在分词短语作宾语补足语。I'lltryitagain,theoldmanpromised,although[11]hishandsweremushynowandhecouldonlyseewellinflashes.[11]although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。Hetrieditagainanditwasthesame.Sohethought,andhefelthimselfgoingbeforehestarted;Iwilltryitonceagain.《老人与海》(节选)欧内斯特·海明威(1899～1961)，美国小说家、短篇小说作家，因其独特的写作风格而广受好评。他非常(extremely)擅长描写硬汉们的冒险经历，他认为那些硬汉“可以被毁灭(destroy)但不能被击败(defeat)”。《老人与海》是他最重要的小说之一，讲述了一个名叫圣地亚哥的渔夫的故事。在两手空空84天后，圣地亚哥试图(attempt)捕一条大鱼。这条鱼正打着转靠近，既冷静又美丽，只有它的大尾巴在动。老人用尽全力拉住它，想把它拉近些。有那么会儿，鱼稍稍偏向一边。接着它正了正(straighten)身子，又开始转圈。“我拉动它了，”老人说，“我刚才拉动它了。”现在他又感到头晕了，但他竭尽全力(strain)拽住这条大鱼。我拉动它了，他想。也许这次我能搞定它。使劲拉呀，手啊，他想。站稳啦，腿啊。给我撑住，脑袋啊，给我撑住。你从未晕倒过。这次我要把它拉过来。可是当他使出浑身力气，在鱼靠近(alongside在……旁边)之前就开始用尽全力拉线时，那鱼中途就挣扎着偏向一边，然后正正身子游走了。“鱼啊，”老人说，“鱼啊，反正你都得死。你非要把我也杀了吗？”这样下去要一无所获(acplish)了，他想。他的嘴干得说不出话来，但他现在不能伸手去拿水喝。我这次一定要把它拉到船边，他想。它再多转几圈，我就不行了。不，你行，他告诉自己。你永远都行。在接下来的一圈，他差点就把它拉过来了。但是这鱼又正了正身子，慢慢游走了。你快弄死我了，鱼啊，老人想。不过你有权这么做。我从没见过比你更巨大、更美丽、更冷静或者更高贵的(noble)东西，老兄。来，杀了我吧。我不在乎谁弄死谁。你现在脑子开始犯糊涂(confused)了，他想。你必须保持头脑清醒。保持头脑清醒，要像条汉子，懂得怎么受苦。或者像条鱼，他想。“清醒起来(clearup)，脑袋，”他用自己都几乎听不见的声音说，“清醒起来。”那鱼跟之前一样，又转了两圈。我不明白，老人想。每次他都觉得自己就快要(beonthepointofdoingsth.)不行了。我不明白。但我还要再试一次。他又试了一次，当他把鱼拉转过来时，他感觉自己快不行了。鱼正正身子，又慢慢地游开，大尾巴在海面上绕来绕去(weave)。我要再试一下，老人答应自己，尽管他的双手这时已经软弱无力(mushy)，而且大部分时间双眼都看不清(flash闪光)。他又试了一次，依然如故。还没动手他就感觉要不行了，他这样想，我还要再试一次。►第一版块|重点词汇诠释1.wellthoughtof受敬重的，令人钦佩的，受喜爱的)onsecondthought(s)(表示已改变想法)又一想，转念一想withoutasecondthought立即，马上，不假思索atthethoughtof...一想起……就belostinthought陷入深思Theirfamilyhasalwaysbeenwellthoughtofaroundhere.他们家在这一带一直颇受敬重。特别提示此短语为形容词短语，thought不能写成think。thinkof为动词短语，意为“想起，考虑，关心”。即学即练用thought的相关短语完成句子①他工作效率很高，大家都很钦佩他。Hewasefficientathisjoband__________byeveryone.②起初我不同意，但转念一想，我意识到她是对的。AtfirstIdisagreed,but__________Irealizedshewasright.③他陷入了沉思，差点撞上一个提着重箱子的男人。__________，healmostknockedintoamanwhocarriedaheavybox.2.attemptvt.努力，尝试，试图n．[C，U]尝试，试图attempttodosth.努力/试图做某事inanattempttodosth.为了做某事atthe/one'sfirstattempt第一次尝试尝试做某事makeanattempttodosth.❶Iwillattempttoanswerallyourquestions.我将努力回答你的全部问题。❷Theyclosedtheroadinanattempttoreducetrafficinthecity.他们封闭了道路，试图减少城里路上行驶的车辆。❸Hissuccessatthefirstattemptdidn'tsatisfyhim.Instead,hewentallouttotryasecondtime.他第一次尝试时取得的成功并没有让他满意，他反而全力以赴再次尝试。❹Imadeanattempttopersuadehertochangehermind,butfailedpletely.我试图说服她改变主意，但全然不起作用。名师点津与attempttodosth.类似的短语managetodosth.但它们有不同的含义：(1)attempttodosth.表示“试图做某事，努力做某事”，强调动作，但并不一定成功，相当于trytodosth.。Iattemptedtogetintouchwithher,butfailed.我试图与她取得联系，但失败了。(2)managetodosth.表示“设法做成某事”，强调结果，相当于succeedindoingsth.。Thankstoyourhelp,wemanagedtogetovertheproblem.多亏了你的帮助，我们设法解决了这个问题。即学即练单句语法填空/结合attempt的用法完成句子①Aslongasyouattempt____(take)regularpracticetowardsyourgoal,you'reheadingintherightdirection.②HavingretiredfromtheHRdepartment,oldBenmakesanattempt____workingasatraineeforafashionshoppingwebsite.③Ontheroadtosuccess,hefailed_______________(第一次尝试)buthedidn'tgiveup,whichledtothefinalsuccess.④______________(为了)ease(缓解)thetension,Isuggestthatwebreakofftheconversationforlunch.3.confusedadj.迷惑的，糊涂的（常用来修饰人或人的声音、表情等）；不清楚的，混乱的beconfusedabout对……感到困惑confusevt.使迷惑；(将……)混淆confuseAwith/andB将A和B混淆confusionn.[U，C]困惑；混淆；[U]困窘inconfusion困窘地confusingadj.难以理解的，不清楚的(常用于修饰物)❶Iamtotallyconfused.Couldyouexplainagain?我完全糊涂了，你能再解释一遍吗？❷I'mstillabitconfusedaboutwhathappened.我对发生的事仍然有点不解。❸Thechildrengaveaconfusedaccountofwhathadhappened.孩子们把发生的事叙述得颠三倒四。❹WehavetwopeoplecalledPaulworkinghere,soit'sabitconfusing!我们有两个叫保罗的人在这里工作，所以会有点让人糊涂！语境助记Tomyconfusion,theconfusingproblemdidn'tmakehimconfused．令我感到困惑的是，那个让人迷惑不解的问题没有让他糊涂。即学即练单句语法填空①Wecanseefromhis____lookthathegets____aboutthis____problem.(confuse)②Becarefulnottoconfuse“abroad”____“aboard”.Thetwowordsareverysimilar.③Hisanswertomyquestiononlyaddedtomy____(confuse);that'swhyyoufoundme____confusionthatday.4.clearup（头脑）清醒；使整洁，清理；澄清，解决，（天气）放晴❶Idon'tmindyouusingthekitchenaslongasyouclearupafterwards.只要你事后清理干净，我不介意你用厨房。❷Ispentnearlyanhourclearinguptheroomafterthechildren'sparty.孩子们的聚会结束后，我花了近一个小时整理房间。❸Thereareacoupleofpointsweneedtoclearupbeforethemeetingbegins.开会前，我们需要澄清几点。❹Itisrainingnow,butIthinkitwillclearupsoon.现在还在下雨，不过我想天很快就会放晴。特别提示clearup意为“使整洁，清理”时，可作及物动词或不及物动词；意为“澄清，解决”时为及物动词。即学即练判断下列句子中clearup的含义①Ithasrainedcatsanddogsfordays.Ihopeitwillclearupnextweek.______②Let'sclearupthisproblembeforewemovetoanother.______③AfterbreakfastmychildrenplayedinthegardenwhileIclearedupinthekitchen.________5.beonthepointofdoingsth.正要做某事❶Aswewereonthepointofgivinguphope,aletterarrived.正当我们要放弃希望之时，来了一封信。❷Wewereonthepointofleavingwhenthephonerang.铃响的时候我们正准备离开。特别提示beonthepointofdoingsth.意为“正要做某事”，常用于beonthepointofdoing...when...结构，意为“某人正要做……，这时(突然)”。即学即练单句写作我正要出去，这时我的朋友来了。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.achievementn．[C]成就，成绩，功绩；[U]达到完成achievevt.达到；完成vi.成功achievesuccess获得成功achieveone'sgoal/dream达到某人的目标/实现某人的梦想achievableadj.可实现的❶Hestayedmodestthoughhehadmadeagreatachievementinhiswork.他虽然在工作中取得了很大的成就，但仍保持谦虚。❷Evenasmallsuccesscangiveyouasenseofachievement.即便是小小的成功也能给你一种成就感。语境助记I'veachievedonlyhalfofwhatIhopedtodo,soIcannotcelebratetheachievementsI'vemadealthougheveryonesaysIshouldfeelasenseofachievement．我只完成了我希望做的一半，因此我不能庆祝自己所取得的成就，尽管每个人都说我应该有种成就感。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子①Chinanationalwomen'svolleyballteammadegreat____(achieve),makingthemasymbolofthespiritofChina.②为了实现他的目标，戴维把他大部分时间都倾注在了他的生意上。Inorderto__________，Daviddevotedmostofhistimetohisbusiness.③在过去的几年里，中国在环境保护方面已经取得了巨大的成就。Inthelastfewyears,China__________________inenvironmentalprotection.►第二版块|重点句型解构(教材P54)NeverhaveIseenagreater,ormorebeautiful,oracalmerormorenoblethingthanyou,brother.我从来没有见过比你更大、更美丽、更镇静、更高贵的东西，兄弟。[句式分析]本句中否定词Never位于句首，句子使用了部分倒装结构。否定词never位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构，即把助动词/be动词/情态动词移到主语之前，构成“Never＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词(不含be动词)＋其他”结构。❶NeverhaveIheardorseensuchathing.我从未听过或见过这样的事。❷NeveragainwouldhereturntoCanada.他再也不会回到加拿大。其他具有否定意义或否定形式的词语，如not，neither，nor，seldom,hardly,little,nowhere，innoway(绝不)，bynomeans(绝不)，atnotime(从不)，notuntil等位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。❸Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse,norwillheevengiveitathought.校长将不会允许课程的变化，他甚至都不会考虑这件事情。❹Johnrealizedhismistakesandpromisedthatatnotimewouldhedoitagain.约翰意识到了他的错误并且承诺不再做这种事。名师点津此处部分倒装的形式与一般疑问句相同，区别于完全倒装。即学即练句式升级(部分倒装)/完成句子①Ihaveneverreadsuchanexcitingreportbefore.→________________________________________________________________________②Iseldomgoshoppingbytaxi,unlessitrains.→________________________________________________________________________③观光途中我从未觉得无聊过。Atnotime___________duringthetour.④我们绝不容忍这样的事情继续下去。Innoway__________.(allow)Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Seeingthelinesoftreeswehadplanted,weallhadasenseofa____．2．Hetoldusthatthebuildinghadbeen____(破坏)whenhecametothecitytwoyearsago.3．Contrarytoourexpectation,hewas____(击败)inthefirstround.4．Theyhadtogiveuptheir____(尝试)toclimbthemountainduetothebadweather.5．Istillfeel____(困惑的)aboutwhatyouarelookingfor.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewas____(extreme)angry.2．HeaskedsomanyquestionsthatIgotpletely____(confuse).3．____(destroy)oftheenvironmentisoneofthemostseriouschallengesweface.4．Inthelastfewmonths,Chinahasmadegreat____(achieve)instoppingthespreadofCOVID-19.5．Shellypreparedcarefullyfortheexamsothatshecouldbesureofpassingit____herfirstattempt.Ⅲ.课文语法填空Thefishappearedagain.Theoldmantriedtobringhimcloserbuthe1.____(begin)anothercircletoswimaway.Althoughhefeltfaint,hesucceeded2.____(hold)onthegreatfishforawhile3.____allhisstrain.Hethoughthewouldgethimover4.____againthefishrightedhimselfandswamaway.Swearingthefishshoulddie,theoldmanguessedthatmaybehewouldget5.____(kill)byhim.Hewasso6.____(thirst)buthecouldn'treachforthewater.Onceagainthefishswamaway.Havingrea