选择性必修四Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 夯基新高考英语一轮复习教材为本夯基提能(译林版2020)(学生版)

选择性必修四Unit1Honestyandresponsibility夯基全部单词过一遍和部分单词变一变重要短语览一览序号原词词性、词义词性/形转换1adv.刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才________adj.裸露的，裸体的，(树木)光秃秃的，(土地)荒芜的，空的，仅够的，最低限度的2*cigar3n.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务________vt.约会；任命________adj.(时间)指定的，约定的4adj.灵敏的，敏锐的；渴望，热切，热衷于5jaw6*scar7*eyebrow8*scarfpin9diamond10adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的(反义词：adj.________)________adv.可靠地________vi.依靠；依赖________n.可靠；可信度11adj.值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的________……钱；值得的n.价值；作用________adj.值得(或应得)……的；值得尊敬的，值得注意的________adj.没用的，无价值的12collar13vt.(表示惊奇)；祝福14n.英寸；少量，短距离15vt.概述，略述n.概述；轮廓线，略图16vt.&vi.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象________adj.有嫌疑的，疑似……的=________adj.值得怀疑的；可疑的；有嫌疑的________n.怀疑，猜疑，嫌疑________adj.可疑的，怀疑的，持怀疑态度的，不信任的，令人怀疑的，感觉可疑的17n.&vt.逮捕，拘捕18vt.给(某人)打电报；接通(电源)n.金属丝；电线；铁丝网________19n.罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的________n.罪，罪行；犯罪活动20adv.不过，总之；尽管；而且；随便地21adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人adv.________________n.清白，无辜，无罪，天真，纯真，单纯22adj.合法的；法律的________adj.不合法的；违法的________adv.合法地________adv.非法地23n.道德原则；法则；信条24adj.正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的________a25n.(义务、责任等的)重担，负担26geophysicist27adj.核心的；最重要的n.核心，最重要的部分28adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者________________adj.社会的；社交的________n.社会29vt.&vi.辞职，辞去________n.辞职；辞职信30ward31adj.大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的________adv.大体上，非常，大大地32n.矿物，矿物质33adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的34n.摄影师，拍照者________n.摄影；摄影术35adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的________n.内疚；犯罪；有罪36adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬________n.羞耻；羞愧；惭愧________adj.可耻的，丢脸的37vt.&vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)________n.原谅，宽恕，宽宏大量38vt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊39vt.包，裹；用……缠绕n.披肩，围巾；包裹材料40n.包裹，小包；一块地vt.裹好，打包41n.蝴蝶结；弓vi.鞠躬；低(头)42n.侄子，外甥43adj.失望的，沮丧的________vt.使失望，使沮丧________________n.失望，沮丧44n.皱纹；褶皱，皱痕vt.&vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱起45vi.停顿，暂停n.停顿，停顿的时间46vi.&vt.(sewed,sewn)缝，做针线活；缝上47vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为48n.荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待________adj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的；幸运的49vt.&vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱50n.阶段，时期51n.锚；给以安全感的人(或物)vi.&vt.抛锚；使固定52n.仁慈，宽恕________adj.宽大的，仁慈的(adv.________)________adj.残忍的；无情的53adv.同样地；也，而且54n.最后期限，截止日期55n.指导；导航________vt.带领；引导n.向导56n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点________adj.不完美的，有错误的，有缺陷的，错误的________57n.美德；正直的品性；优点58integrity59adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的60n.海星，星鱼adj.灰心的________vt.阻止，使气馁________adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的________n.灰心；劝阻；使人泄气的事物62garbage63n.节省物，节省；储蓄金________vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救64n.意外收获；奖金，红利65*jade66vt.&vi.(______,______)播种，种67n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割vt.&vi.收割，捕猎68*rejoice69n.引语vt.&vi.引用，引述；举例说明________n.引用，引文，语录，引述，引证重要短语览一览对……负责2.________________过骗人的生活，为人虚伪失去联系有影响，有关系发财6.pullout________________留出；不顾坚持掌管，负责拆毁，拆除11.turnup________________12.weighonsb./sth.________________臂挽着臂任……处置；对……无能为力15.forthegoodof________________16.instore________________17.onthebeat________________令某人感到失望的是被逮捕坦白地说/________________核心词汇讲一讲核心词汇1.appointment【教材原句】It’sanappointmentmadetwentyyearsago.(P2)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化appointmentn.约定，约会；任命，委任；职务→appointvt.约会；任命→appointedadj.(时间)指定的，约定的②相关短语breakan/one’sappointment违约，失约keepappointments/anappointment守约，赴约make/have/getanappointment(withsb.)(与某人)预约/约会maketheappointmentofsb.as对某人做出委任take

up

an

appointment

as担任……的职务byappointment通过预约，根据预定appointsb./as/tobe...任命/指派某人为……(被动语态：beappointedas/tobe)appointsb.todosth.委派/指派某人做某事(被动语态：beappointedtodosth.)【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse________toguardher.②I________tomonitorthebusinessinthatbranchofourfactorylastweek.③Your________willbecanceledimmediatelyifyoufailtoarriveatthesceneatthe________time.完成句子④我感冒了，我要和医生预约一下。I’vegotacoldandI’ll___________________________mydoctor.⑤要不是她妈妈突然得病，她从没想过这次会对你失约。Butforhermother’ssuddenillness,shewouldneverthinkfor_______________________________.⑥我们不想任命他为会议的主席。他还不适合这个职位。Wedon’twantto__________________________________ofthemeeting.Heisnotfitfortheposition.⑦我是应约来面试的。I’minghere_____________________________.⑧这个人已被任命为这个部门的总经理。Theman______________________________managingdirectorofthedepartment.⑨费伊先生将担任研究员的职务。Mr.

Fay

is

to

______________________________a

researcher.

⑩该国卫生机构已任命一名检查员监督抗击病毒的进展。Thecountry’shealthagency__________________________________theprogressinfightingthevirus.核心词汇【教材原句】ButIknowJimmywillmeetmehereifhe'salive,forhealwayswasthetruestandmostreliablefellowintheworld.(P2)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化reliableadj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的(反义词：adj.unreliable)→reliablyadv.可靠地→relyvi.依靠；依赖→reliabilityn.可靠；可信度②相关短语和句型relyonsb.todo...依靠/指望某人做…………relyonsb.forsth.依赖某人某事relyonone’sownefforts/strength依靠自身力量，自力更生，靠一己之力主语＋relyon/dependon＋it形式宾语＋that从句：放心/相信/指望……类例：主语＋hate/dislike/love/like＋it形式宾语＋when从句主语＋appreciate＋it形式宾语＋if从句主语＋seeto＋it形式宾语＋that从句【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort,he’s________.②The

real

result

indicates

that

the

system

works

________and

the

design

is

successful.

③Responsibility

and

________are

necessary

qualifications

完成句子④技术进步是世界经济增长的重要因素，但任何国家都不可能完全依靠自身力量进行所有的科技创新。Thetechnologyprogressisanimportantfactoroftheeconomicgrowthoftheworld,butanycountrycannottotally________________________tocarryonallscientificandtechnicalinnovation.\o"点击发音"⑤你可以放心，他会来帮助我们的。Youmay_______________________hewilleheretogiveusahand.⑥你不能指望他帮你。Youcan’t_______________________you.⑦你可以依靠我的帮助。Youcan_______________________.核心词汇【教材原句】“AsIsuspected,youarenotJimmyWells，”hesaid,impatientlywithanger.(P3)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化suspectvt.&vi.疑有，觉得n.嫌疑犯，可疑对象→suspectedadj.有嫌疑的，疑似……的=suspectableadj.值得怀疑的；可疑的；有嫌疑的→suspicionn.怀疑，猜疑，嫌疑→suspiciousadj.可疑的，怀疑的，持怀疑态度的，不信任的，令人怀疑的，感觉可疑的②相关短语和句型“动词＋sb.＋of＋sth.”短语：/改掉某人某毛病(keepsb.informedofsth.随时让某人了解某事，随时通知某人某事)()/剥夺某人的某物 suspect+that宾语从句(Itissuspectedthat主语从句)【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①Allthe________werearrestedyesterdayafternoon.②Whensomeoneisconsideringjumpingaqueue,thequeuerswillstartlookingsidewaysathim,throughnarrowed,_________eyes.③Hiswordshadsowedtheseedsof________intheirminds.④The________spywasshadowedbydetectives.完成句子⑤我认为他怀疑我们有什么不正当的目的。Ithinkhe_______________________________.⑥我怀疑她损坏了这台设备。I_______________________________theequipment.⑦有人怀疑他泄露了这个秘密。He_____________________________thesecret.⑧一些家长迟迟不肯采取这些措施，因为他们怀疑自己的孩子在夸大其词。Someparentshesitatetotakethesestepsbecause________________theirchildrenareexaggerating.⑨人们怀疑这些毒品是走水路运到该国的。______________________thedrugshadbeenbroughtintothecountrybyboat.核心词汇【教材原句】You’vebeenunderarrestfortenminutes,“Silky”Bob.(P3)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化arrestn.&vt.逮捕，拘捕②相关短语underarrest被逮捕arrestsb.吸引某人arrestone’sattention吸引某人的注意力be/getarrestedfor(doing)sth.因(做)某事被逮捕【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①Youareluckyenoughtoescapebeinginjuredintheaccident.Now,theescapeddriverhasbeen________.②The

________

for

speeding

was

his

first

brush

with

the

law.

完成句子③你可能会因为吸毒而被捕。Youcould_____________________takingdrugs.④一种不同寻常的噪音引起了他的注意。Anunusualnoise_____________________.⑤这本书优美的笔调吸引了这位读者。Thebeautifulstyleofthebook____________________.核心词汇【教材原句】HowIwishhewereinnocent!(P5)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化innocentadj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的(adv.innocently)n.无辜者，单纯的人②相关短语beinnocentof没有……罪的loseone’sinnocence失去天真【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①An________greedypleasurelittheyoungman’sface.②Yousayyouare________,butwehavegoodreasonstothinkotherwise.③Theboysucceededinconvincinghisteacherofhis________.完成句子④我们相信他没犯他被控诉的那些罪行。We

believe

that

______________________all

the

crimes

he

is

accused

of

mitting.

⑤儿童随着年龄的增长而失去其天真。Children_________________________astheygrowolder.核心词汇【教材原句】EventuallyheresignedhispostintheUKandreturnedtoChinatoworkatJilinUniversityinChangchun.(P6)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化resignvt.&vi.辞职，辞去→resignationn.辞职；辞职信②相关短语resignas…辞去……职务resignfrom…从……辞职resignoneselftoone’sfate听天由命resignoneselfto…只好接受/顺从……【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①He________hisdirectorshiplastyear.②His________musthavesomeconnectionwiththerecentscandal.完成句子③那个年轻人已经从公司辞职了，这使我们很吃惊。Thattheyoungman_________________________madeussurprised.④他不得不在电视上观看欧洲锦标赛。Hehadto____________________________theEuropeanChampionshipsontelevision.⑤杰克虽然身体不太好，但是他不愿屈服于自己的命运。PhysicallychallengedasJackwas,he__________________________.⑥在2019年的时候辞去了主席一职，由我来接任。Joe___________________________in2019,andItookhisplace.核心词汇【教材原句】Franklyspeaking,IwasdisappointedbutIsmiledasbroadlyasIcould.(P8)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化disappointedadj.失望的，沮丧的→disappointvt.使失望，使沮丧→→disappointmentn.失望，沮丧②相关短语bedisappointedat/by对……感到失望bedisappointedtodo...对做……感到失望bedisappointedthat从句...对……失望toone’sdisappointment令某人感到失望的是with/indisappointment失望地【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①He

found

it

difficult

to

hide

his

_________

when

she

didn’t

arrive.

②Hedidn’tturn________whenhearingthe________news.完成句子③让他们非常失望的是，这款去年新引进的设备结果证明是一套被废弃的设备。________________________,thenewequipmentbroughtinlastyearturnedouttobeanabandonedset.④她取消演唱会的决定一定会让她的粉丝失望。Herdecisiontocanceltheconcertisboundto_________________________.⑤当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。Asthetwins________________________________,theirfatherappeared.⑥我很沮丧，因为尽管我们表现得很好，这场篮球赛还是输了。_________________________________ofthebasketballgamebecauseweplayedsowellyetstilllost.【答案】Iwasdisappointedat/bytheresult⑦他们队输了比赛，他感到很失望。

_________________________their

team

had

lost

the

game.

核心词汇【教材原句】ThenIwalkedaway,pretendingnottohaveheardanything.(P8)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化pretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为②相关短语pretendthat从句...假装……【语境运用】完成句子①老板进来时，工人们假装正在辛勤地操作他们的机器。Whenthebosscamein,theworkers_________________________ontheirmachines.②他的父亲回来时，这个男孩假装睡着了。Theboy________________________asleepwhenhisfathercameback.③警察赶到现场时，罪犯假装是无辜的目击者。Thecriminal______________________________whenthepolicegottothespot.④我们假装什么都没发生，但老师我们的诚实持怀疑态度。We______________________________butourteachersuspectedourhonesty.⑤当我们在街上相遇时，她假装不认识我，这真的让我很难过。She__________________________________whenwemetinthestreet,whichreallyupsetme.核心词汇9.privilege【教材原句】Itismypleasureandprivilegetoweleyouheretodayandpresentmythoughtsonthisspecialoccasion.(P11)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化privilegen.荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待→privilegedadj.有特权的；受特别优待的；荣幸的；幸运的②相关短语和句型havetheprivilegeofdoing/todosth.有做某事的特权；有幸做某事itisaprivilegetodosth.=itisanhonourtodosth.有幸做某事privilegesb.给某人特权【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①Oneofthe________oflivinginthishotelistheabilitytousetheswimmingpool.②Itissaidthatthechairwomanesfroma________background.完成句子③据说只有会员才有权使用这台设备。Itissaidthatonlymembers_________________________theequipment.④作为一名教师，帮助学生获得知识和提高自己是一种荣幸。Beingateacher,__________________________toobtainknowledgeandbetterthemselves.⑤我们希望给予这些最顶尖的研究生特别照顾，因为没有他们，我们就无法继续处于一流大学之列。Wewant____________________________becausewithoutthem,wecan’tremainatopuniversity核心词汇【教材原句】Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds;likewise,apersonwhohasnosenseofresponsibilityisatthemercyoftheirowncarelessandthoughtlessbehaviour.(P11)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化mercyn.仁慈，宽恕→mercifuladj.宽大的，仁慈的(adv.mercifully)→mercilessadj.残忍的；无情的②相关短语和句型begformercy请求宽恕，求饶show(no/little)mercytosb./have(no/little)mercyonsb.对某人(不)怜悯/对某人(不)仁慈/宽容throwoneself某人的摆布(任凭自己让某人摆布)atthemercyof任凭……的摆布，完全受……的支配withoutmercy毫不怜悯地/毫不留情地，残忍地Itisamercythat…幸运的是……【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①It

is

said

that

you

are

a

just

but

_________

man.

②Itwasreportedthatthesuspectwasa_________killer,whichshockedallthepeoplepresent.完成句子③在我们国家，任何残忍地对待动物的人都应受到惩罚。Inourcountry,whoever_____________________________shouldbetobepunished.④国王对囚犯毫不留情，把他们都杀了。Theking_________________________theprisonersandkilledthemall.⑤船长要求他的船员们对村民们仁慈些。Thecaptainaskedhismembers_______________________thevillagers.⑥在船的马达发生故障后，他们任由天气摆布。Aftertheboat’smotorfailed,they_______________________________.⑦他们不知道不知道发生了什么事，只好听凭法官的摆布。Theyhavenoideawhathashappenedand__________________________________thejudge.

⑧这次事故发生在离医院这么近的地方，真是万幸。_________________________________theaccidenthappenedsoclosetothehospital.核心词汇【教材原句】Thismeansmeetingdeadlinesforyourschoolwork,followingyourteachers'guidance,andofcourse,alwaysaimingforacademicexcellence.(P11)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化guidancen.指导；导航→guidevt.带领；引导n.向导②相关短语guidanceonsth.某方面的指导underone’sguidance在某人的指导下undertheguidanceof…在……的指导下【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①Heshottwogoalsinthegameandlaterwasappointedascaptaintoprovide________inthenationalteam.②_________bythesun,theywalkedtowardstheirdestinationthroughthewoods.③Withtheaidofthelocal_________,wefinallymadeitoutofthejungle.完成句子④在他的指导下，我们顺利地完成了工作。__________________________,wefinishedtheworksmoothly.⑤所有的活动都在有经验的老师的指导下进行。Activitiesalltakeplace______________________________________.⑥他们为老师们提供如何在课堂上使用视频的指导。They___________________________videointheclassroomforteachers.核心词汇【教材原句】However,theboywasnotdiscouraged,believingthathecouldmakeadifferencetotheonesthathesaved.(P12)【考点归纳】①词性/形变化discouragedadj.灰心的→discouragevt.阻止，使气馁→discouragingadj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的→discouragementn.灰心；劝阻；使人泄气的事物②相关短语discouragesb.fromdoingsth.劝阻某人不要做某事，打消某人做某事的念头类例(阻止，禁止某人做某事)：stop/prevent/forbidsb.fromdoingsth. keepsb.fromdoingsth.discouragesb.fromdoingsth. forbidsb.todosth.forbidsb’sdoingsth. bansb.fromdoingsth.【语境运用】用该词条恰当的形式填空①Allthestudentsfelt_________becausetheexercisewasbeyondtheabilitiesofmostoftheclass.②Whenfulfillingyourpurposesseemstough,don’tgiveinto_________.③It’svery_________tobelaughedatbyclassmatesallthetime.④Cheerup!Wecan’t_________byasmallfaultintheexperiment.⑤Despiteallthese_________,sherefusedtogiveup.完成句子⑥如果受阻于眼前的困难而踯躅不前，那你可能无法取得成就。Ifyouallowyourself_____________________________,youmightnothavegreatachievements.⑦父母应该劝阻孩子不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。Parentsshould_________________________________________putergames.经典句型研一研倒装句【原句呈现】Inthedoorwayofastorestoodaman,withanunlitcigarinhis