河南师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解整理

目录

2012年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2013年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2014年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2015年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2017年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2018年河南师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2012年河南师范大学211翻译硕士

英语考研真题及详解

Ⅰ.VocabularyandGrammar(30points)

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesthispart.Foreach

sentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONE

answerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

1.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary_____toomuch

worklastweek.

A.taketo

B.takeout

C.takeaway

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】句意：董事长被指责上周让他的秘书承担了太多工作。take

on承担。taketo喜欢；开始从事。takeout取出；去掉。takeaway带走，

拿走。

2.Beingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasa(n)_____forbreaking

thelaw.

A.excuse

B.intention

C.option

D.approval

【答案】A

【解析】句意：不懂法律不能作为违犯法律的借口。excuse借口。

approval批准；认可。

3.Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveas

avital_____ofmilk.

A.storage

B.reserve

C.resource

D.source

【答案】D

【解析】句意：据说在世界上某些地方，奶的重要来源是山羊而不

是奶牛。source来源。

4.Toour_____,Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswe

hadfeared.

A.anxiety

B.relief

C.view

D.judgment

【答案】B

【解析】句意：让人欣慰的是，杰弗里的病没有我们害怕的那么严

重。toone’srelief使人安心的是。

5.Manypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisa_____ofpurity.

A.symbol

B.sign

C.signal

D.symptom

【答案】A

【解析】句意：许多人喜欢白色，因为白色是纯洁的象征。sign指人

们公认事物的记号、标志，也可指某种情况的迹象。symbol指有象征意

义的或表达某种深邃含义的特殊事物。signal指为某一目的而有意发出

的信号、暗号。

6.Thelureofsomethingfornothingasanidealingamblinghas_____

criticismfromtheupright,honestpeopleofthesociety.

A.evoked

B.stirred

C.spread

D.enhanced

【答案】A

【解析】句意：赌博的理想是不劳而获，这种诱惑引发了社会上正

直、诚实的人们的批评。evoke引起，唤起。

7.ThestudentsintheAdvancedTeachers’TrainingClassareaskedto

visitthenearbymiddleschoolsforthe_____oflessons.

A.inspection

B.investigation

C.observance

D.observation

【答案】D

【解析】句意：高级教师培训班的学员被要求到附近的中学观摩教

学。inspection视察，检查（有上级对下级的意味）。observance惯例；

遵守。

8.Hisirresponsiblebehaviorputthelivesofalltheworkersin_____.

A.risk

B.alarm

C.hazard

D.jeopardy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他不负责任的行为将所有的工人置于危险之中。in

jeopardy处于危险状态。risk与at搭配。

9.FortunatelywhenIcollidedwiththatbigcar,thedamagetobothcars

wasonly_____.

A.small

B.minimal

C.little

D.few

【答案】B

【解析】句意：幸运的是，当我和那辆大车相撞时，两辆车都只有

轻微损坏。minimal指“极小的，极少的”，尤其是最小的程度或数量。

10.Oneoftheproblemsourgovernmenthastodealwithisthe_____of

thegrowingnumberofplasticcontainers.

A.dissolution

B.disposition

C.disappearance

D.disposal

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们政府需要解决的一个问题是如何处理日益增多

的塑料容器。disposal丢弃，处理。dissolution溶解；（议会等的）解

散。disposition处置；性情。

11.You_____thatlettertoJames.However,youdidn’t.

A.oughttowrite

B.oughttohavewritten

C.shouldwrite

D.shouldbewriting

【答案】B

【解析】句意：你原本应该写信给詹姆斯，然而你并没有写。ought

tohavewritten是虚拟语气，表示本应该做某事而没做。

12.Underthis_____pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在这种强压下，一些岩石甚至变成了液体。intense

强烈的。intensive加强的；集中的。weighty重的。bulky庞大的；笨重

的。

13.Itwasrequestedthatalloftheequipment_____intheagreedtime.

A.erected

B.wouldbeerected

C.beerected

D.willbeerected

【答案】C

【解析】句意：所有设备都被要求在约定时间建好。在表示建议、

要求等的词后，从句要用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”，should可以省

略。

14.Wearewritingtothemanager_____therepairsrecentlycarriedout

attheaboveaddress.

A.withreferenceto

B.withthepurposeof

C.withaviewto

D.withtheexception

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我们正在给经理写信，内容关于最近在上述地方进

行的修补。withreferenceto关于，有关。withthepurposeof目的是。

withaviewto为了，目的是。withtheexceptionof除……以外。

15.AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudents

andfacultyto_____togetherinresearchactivities.

A.involve

B.participate

C.specialize

D.consist

【答案】B

【解析】句意：麻省理工学院教育的一个突出特点是，为学生和全

体教员提供了一起参加研究活动的机会。participatein参加。

16.Somepeoplearguethatthedeath_____doesnotnecessarilyreduce

thenumberofmurders.

A.penalty

B.plot

C.pattern

D.practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：有人认为，死刑未必会减少谋杀的数量。death

penalty死刑。

17.Televisionwasnotinventedbyanyoneperson._____intobeing

overnight.

A.Norhasitsprung

B.Nordoesitspring

C.Nordiditspring

D.Norcanitspring

【答案】C

【解析】句意：电视并不是被某一个人所发明，也不是一夜之间就

出现的。否定词放于句首应该用部分倒装。

18.Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsareless

likelyto_____thehabitofsmoking.

A.turnup

B.pickup

C.makeup

D.drawup

【答案】B

【解析】句意：研究表明，生活在无烟宿舍的学生不太可能养成吸

烟的习惯。pickup捡起；不费力地学会。turnup出现；发生。makeup

组成；补足。drawup起草。

19.Manypersonnelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandharderto

_____honestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberofdishonestones.

A.dissolve

B.disguise

C.discount

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】句意：许多人事经理说，越来越难将诚实的申请者与逐渐

增多的不诚实申请者区分开。distinguish...from...把……跟……区分开

来。dissolve使溶解；使分解。disguise掩饰；假装。discount打折扣；低

估。

20.TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywould

nothave_____suppliesofpetroleum.

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意：欧盟成员国一度担心他们没有足够的石油供应。

sufficient足够的；充分的。proficient熟练的，精通的。efficient有效率

的；有能力的。

21.Somepeoplebelievethatsinceoilisscarce,the_____ofthemotor

industryisuncertain.

A.terminal

B.benefit

C.fate

D.estimate

【答案】C

【解析】句意：有些人认为，由于石油十分短缺，汽车制造业的前

景无法确定。terminal末端；终点。

22.Duringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthe_____

silkfromdamage.

A.sensitive

B.tender

C.delicate

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在这个过程中，人们十分注意保护精美的丝绸不受

损害。delicate微妙的；精美的。sensitive敏感的。tender温柔的；柔软

的。sensible明智的；通情达理的。

23.Wearequitesurethatwecan_____ourpresentdifficultiesand

finishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.

A.getacross

B.getover

C.getaway

D.getoff

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我们十分确定我们可以克服当前困难，按期完成任

务。getover克服；恢复。getacross通过；使……被理解。getaway离

开；逃脱。getoff动身；免于受罚。

24.Theoldpapermillhasbeen_____tomakewayforanewshopping

centre.

A.cutdown

B.keptdown

C.torndown

D.helddown

【答案】C

【解析】句意：为了给新购物中心腾出地方，这座旧造纸厂已经被

拆除。teardown拆除；拆毁。cutdown削减；砍倒。keepdown控制；镇

压。holddown抑制；压制。

25.Inmyopinion,he’s_____themostimaginativeofallthe

contemporarypoets.

A.inall

B.atbest

C.forall

D.byfar

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在我看来，他是当代最有想象力的诗人。四个选项

中只有byfar可以放在最高级前作程度副词。forall尽管；虽然。

26.Whatalovelyparty!It’sworth_____allmylife.

A.remembering

B.toremember

C.toberemembered

D.beingremembered

【答案】A

【解析】句意：真是一次令人愉快的聚会！我一辈子都会记住它。

worth后面可以接动名词，须用主动形式来表示被动含义。

27.Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno_____togo

tothepartywithus.

A.mood

B.emotion

C.sense

D.taste

【答案】A

【解析】句意：工作一整天后，他十分疲惫，没心情跟我们一起去

聚会。innomood没有心情。

28.It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressions

actually_____fromtheBible.

A.acquire

B.derive

C.result

D.obtain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：很多流行的英语表达实际上出于圣经，知道这一事

实很有趣。derivefrom源出，来自。

29.Accordingtothekeywitness,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminal’s

mostmemorablefacial_____.

A.feature

B.signature

C.hint

D.spot

【答案】A

【解析】句意：主要目击者称，鼻子很大是罪犯最令人难忘的面部

特征。signature署名；签名。facialfeature面部特征。

30.Researchshowsthatthereisno_____relationshipbetweenhow

muchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.

A.successive

B.sincere

C.significant

D.subsequent

【答案】C

【解析】句意：研究表明，一个人赚多少钱与其是否对生活满意之

间没有明显的关系。subsequent后来的，随后的。successive连续的；继

承的。

Ⅱ.ReadingComprehension(40points)

Section1(20points)

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowed

bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

PassageA

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfrom

theparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemay

scarachild’spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.

SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildren

shouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthreebecauseofthe

parentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Butthereare

alsoargumentsagainstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetween

childrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistin

traditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithe

fatherandmotherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.

Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotsowidespread

todayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statistical

studiesofthiskindhavenotyetbeencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,the

resultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,inthe

lastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildren

indaycare,andtheyhaveuniformlyreportedthatdaycarehadaneutralor

slightlypositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadto

beusedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettle

theissue.

ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehas

delayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadto,say,moremental

illnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseof

statistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindthe

immediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreearelikelyto

protestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeor

threeandahalfalmostallchildrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthis

isundoubtedly,whymoreandmorepatentsmakeuseofchildcareatthis

time.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailable

evidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.

1.Thispassagemainlycenterson_____.

A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschools

B.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldgotonurseryschools

C.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresentto

schoolbeforetheyarethree

D.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhoaresenttoschoolafter

theageofthree

2.Thephrase“predisposeto”inthefirstparagraphmostprobably

means_____.

A.relieve

B.influencefavorably

C.disposeof

D.tendtosuffer

3.AccordingtoBowlby’sbelief,itisquitepossiblethat_____.

A.men’spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthrough

separationfromtheirparents

B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren

C.childrenwillbeexposedtopotentialnegativeeffectsfromearlyday

carelateron

D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybepredicted

4.ThosewhoareagainsttheconclusiondrawnfromBowlbythinkthat

_____.

A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage

B.daycaredoesnotnecessarilyhaveanegativeeffectonchildren

C.achilddidnotlivetogetherwithparentsamongNgoni

D.childrendoemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromparents

5.Thewriterconcludesthat_____.

A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool

B.itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren

C.itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool

D.itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool

【答案与解析】

1.B第一段提出，有的人认为“...childrenshouldnotbesubjectedto

daycarebeforetheageofthree”，后面说到也有一些反对这一结论的观

点，后文针对这一话题进行了讨论。

2.D根据宾语“emotionalproblems”即可知句意，这些孩子们在今后

的生活中容易遇到情感问题。

3.C由最后一段“ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearly

daycarehasdelayedeffects”可知，“earlydaycare”的影响会延迟。

4.A由第二段“...theinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparents

foundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties”可

知，反对第一段结论的人认为，在传统社会中，孩子与父母很早就分

开。

5.D最后一段作者的结论为“...experienceandavailableevidence

indicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.”，也就是把三岁以上的孩

子送到托儿所是合理的。

PassageB

Gettingreadytogobacktoschoolinthegoodolddaysof,say,1998

meantafewtripstothemallandaquickcheckofthebusroute.Thisyear,

formanypatents,therearesomenewthingstoremember:Theteacher’se-

mailaddress,theschool’swebsiteandwhichnightonlinehomeworkhelps

chatwillbeoffered.“The1999-2000schoolyearwillbetheonewhenthe

majorityofparentsreallyfeeltheInternet’sinfluenceontheirchildren’s

educationeverydaylevel,”saysJonathanCarson,chairmanoftheFamily

EducationCo.,whichoffersaparentingwebsiteatwww.family

andaframeworkforlocalschoolstocreateandmaintaintheir

ownsites.

Thisyearpromisestoshowaquantumleapinthespreadofschool

technology:Parentsinmanydistrictscanexpecttobeabletocheckthe

schoollunchmenu,readclassnotes,seeactivitycalendarandviewnightly

homeworkassignments—allonline.“Theschoolsarewired.”saysCarson.

“Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessandtheeducatorsarereadytogo.”

Overthesummer,parentsofhighschoolGermanstudentsinIthaca,

N.Y.gottobepartofaclasstoEurope,throughtheirhomecomputers.The

classbroughtadigitalcameraandlaptopwiththemtoGermanyand

documentedtheirvisitontheirwebpage.HazyAsh,fatherof16-year-old

travelerBrian,founditreassuringtoseehisson’ssmilingfacefromhalfa

worldaway.Beforetheirkidsleft,parentshadchokedthesiteforscheduling

information,alistofactivitiesandadviceonculturaldifferences.

Whenit’sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolorclassroomwebsitecan

changetherelationshipbetweentheparentsandtheschool,saysCynthia

Lapier,Ithaca’sdirectorofinformationandinstructionaltechnology.“The

moreyoucaninvolveparentsinschool,thebetter,”Lapiersays.“The

technologygivesusanotherwaytoreachthem,especiallyparentsof

secondaryschoolstudents,whotendtobelessinvolved.”

Ithacahighschoolphysicsteacher,SteverWirt,getse-mailfromparents

regularly,somefromtheparentshebelievesmightotherwisenotpickupthe

phonewithaconcern.Usingreviewingforaquizordiscussinghomework

problems.

Thewaythingsaregoing,bytheendofthisyear,manyparentsmaybe

fullyconverted-andinfactdependentupontheirschools’technological

capabilities.AtarecentlywiredschoolinNovi,Michigan,theschool

webmasterwasjustafewhourslatepostingthelunch-menucalendaronthe

website.Inthattime,morethanadozenparentscalledhimbytelephoneto

requesttheinformation.“Ayearago,itneverwouldhavebeenthere,“says

Carson.Andnowpatentsarefindingit’stoughtogetbywithoutit.

6.Manyparentsnowremembertheteacher’se-mailaddressandthe

school’swebsitebecause_____.

A.bydoingsotheyneedn’tgotothestoretobuystationeryfortheir

children

B.theycanreachtheirchildren’sschoolandtheteacherswithout

travelingthere

C.thee-mailandthewebsitecanhelpthemfindoutwhattheirchildren

do

D.theycanobservehowtheInternetaffecttheirchildren’seducation

everyday

7.“Theschoolsarewired.Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessand

theeducatorsarereadytogo.”(Para.2)meansthat_____.

A.theschoolsandpaintsareconnectedbytheIntentsothatteachers

willleaveschool

B.parentscanfindoutwhathappenstotheirchildreninschoolby

visitingInternet

C.parentsandeducatorsmaydiscoverthatschoolsarestrangebyusing

computers

D.theschoolsareonlineandparentsnowcanteachtheirchildrenand

theteachersaretogo

8.TheexampleofIthacahighschoolisusedtoshow_____.

A.howimportanttheschoolwebsiteisforparentstobeinvolvedin

education

B.thattheschoolonlinecanreassuretheparentsaboutwhattheir

childrendo

C.howtheparentsofthestudentsgottobepartofaclasstriptoEurope

D.itismorelikelyforparentstosendteacherse-mailsthantophone

them

9.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theattitudeofparentstowardsthe

lunch-menucalendaronthewebsiteis_____.

A.reliant

B.optimistic

C.biased

D.opposite

10.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingwillbechanged

most?

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachersandschools.

B.Theconnectionbetweenstudentsandschools.

C.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandschools.

D.Theassociationbetweenwebsitesandschools.

【答案与解析】

6.C根据第二段第二句“Parents...checktheschoollunchmenu,read

classnotes,seeactivitycalendarandviewnightlyhomeworkassignments-all

online.”可知，网络可以帮助家长了解学生在学校各方面的情况，掌握相

关的信息。

7.B这句话表明网络为学校、教师和家长提供了利用现代科学技术

的便利条件。

8.A第三段中“...parentsofhighschool...gottobepartofaclassto

Europe,throughtheirhomecomputers”说明了网络技术在教育中起到越来

越重要的作用，信息技术可以促使一切因素参与学校教育。

9.A由最后一段“Andnowpatentsarefindingit’stoughtogetby

withoutit.”可知，家长已经离不开学校提供的网络服务了。

10.C根据第四段“Whenit’sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolor

classroomwebsitecanchangetherelationshipbetweentheparentandthe

school”可知，如果一个地区、学校或教室的网站设计得好，便会改善家

长与学校之间的关系。

Section2Answeringquestions(20’)

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerIN

COMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfolloweachpassage.Use

onlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswer

inthecorrespondingspaceinyouranswersheet.

Questions1-3:

GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjust

foodforanimalsandhumans.Carver’sfirststepwastoanalyzeplantpartsto

findoutwhattheyweremadeof.Hethencombinedthesesimplerisolated

substanceswithothersubstancestocreatenewproducts.

Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterials

fromfarmproductstomakeindustrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.Carver

wasoneofthefirstandgreatestchemurgistsofalltime.Todaythescienceof

chemurgyisbetterknownasthescienceofsynthetics.Eachdaypeople

dependonandusesyntheticmaterialsmadefromrawmaterials.Allhislife

Carverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerials,andwarnedofthe

growingneedtodevelopsubstitutesforthenaturalsubstancesbeingusedup

byhumans.

Carvernevercaredaboutgettingcreditforthenewproductshecreated,

lienevertriedtopatenthisdiscoveriesorgetwealthyformthem.Heturned

downmanyofferstoleaveTuskegeeInstitutetobecomearichscientistin

privateindustry.ThomasEdison,inventoroftheelectriclight,offeredhima

laboratoryinDetroittocarryoutfoodresearchwhentheUnitedStates

governmentmadehimacollaboratorintheMycologyandPlantDisease

SurveyoftheDepartmentofAgriculture.Heacceptedthepositionwiththe

understandingthathewouldn’thavetoleaveTuskegee,Anauthorityonplant

disease—especiallyofthefungusvariety-Carversenthundredsofspecimens

totheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.Atthepeakofhiscareer,

Carver’sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,giveadefinitionofchemurgy.

3.WhatisthemainconcernofCarverallhislife?

【答案与解析】

1.TheworkandcareerofGeorgeWashingtonCarver,agreat

chemurgist.

（从文章的第一句“GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlife

wasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsandhumans”和最后一句“Atthepeakof

hiscareer,Carver’sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent”以及

全文的内容可看出，全文是在介绍Carver在植物方面的研究对世界所产

生的影响。）

2.Chemurgyisthedevelopmentofindustrialproductsfromfarm

products.

（第二段第一句对chemurgy的定义为“Thebranchofchemistrythat

studiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfromfarmproductstomake

industrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.”）

3.Themainconcernofhimisthedisposalofwastematerials.

（由第二段最后一句“AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalof

wastematerials,andwarnedofthegrowingneedto…”可知，卡弗一生中最

担心的是垃圾的处理。）

Questions4-5:

Inoneverylongsentence,theintroductiontotheU.N.Charterexpresses

theidealsandthecommonaimsofallthepeopleswhosegovernmentsjoined

togethertoformtheU.N.

“WethepeoplesoftheU.N.determinedtosavesucceedinggenerations

fromthescourgeofwar,whichtwiceinourlifetimehasbroughtuntold

sufferingtomankind,andtoreaffirmfaithinfundamentalrights,inthe

dignityandworthofthehumanperson,intheequalrightsofmenandwomen

andofnationslargeandsmall,andtoestablishconditionsunderwhich

justiceandrespectfortheobligationsarisingfromtreatiesandothersources

ofinternationallawcanhementioned,andtopromotesocialprogressand

betterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,andforthoseends,topractise

toleranceandlivetogetherinpeacewithoneanotherasgoodneighbors,and

touniteourstrengthtomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,andto

ensure,bytheacceptanceofprinciplesandtheinstitutionofmethods,that

armedforceshallnotbeused,saveinthecommoninterest,andtoemploy

internationalmachineryforthepromotionofeconomicandsocial

advancementofallpeople,haveresolvedtocombineoureffortsto

accomplishtheseaims”.

Thename“UnitedNations”isaccreditedtoU.SPresidentFranklinD.

Roosevelt,andthefirstgroupofrepresentativesofmemberstatesmetand

signedadeclarationofcommonintentonNewYear’sDayin1942,

Representativesoffivepowersworkedtogethertodrawupproposals,

completedatDumbartonOaksin1944.Theseproposalsmodifiedafter

deliberationattheconferenceofInternationalOrganizationinSanFrancisco

whichbeganinApril1945,werefinallyagreedonandsignedastheU.N.

Charterby50countrieson26June1945.Poland,notrepresentedatthe

conference,signedtheCharterlaterandwasaddedtothelistoforiginal

members.Itwasnotuntilthatautumn,however,aftertheCharterhadbeen

ratifiedbyChina,France,theU.S.S.R.,theU.K.andtheU.S.andbya

majorityoftheotherparticipantsthatU.N.officiallycameintoexistence.The

datewas24October,nowuniversallycelebratedasUnitedNation’sDay.The

essentialfunctionsoftheU.Naretomaintaininternationalpeaceand

security,todevelopfriendlyrelationsamongnations,tocooperate

internationallyinsolvinginternationaleconomic,social,culturalandhuman

problems,promotingrespectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsand

tobeacentreforco-coordinatingtheactionsofnationsinattainingthese

commonends.

NocountrytakesprecedenceoveranotherintheU.N.Eachmember’s

rightsandobligationsarethesame.Allmustcontributetopeacefulsettlement

ofinternationaldisputes,andmembershavepledgedtorefrainfromthethreat

oruseofforceagainstotherstates.ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointervene

inanystate’sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethatnon-memberstatesact

accordingtoitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.U.N.member

mustofferassistanceinanapprovedU.N.actionandinnowayassiststates

againstwhichtheU.N.istakingpreventiveorenforcementaction.

4.SummarizetheaimoftheU.N.

5.HowdoesU.N.dealwithacountry’sdomesticpolicies?

【答案与解析】

4.TheaimoftheUNistoensurethefundamentalrightsofpeopleand

promotesocialprogress.

（第二段引用联合国宪章的句子表明了联合国的目标，包括保障人

们的基本权利、团结各个国家、促进社会发展等。）

5.UNdoesnotinterveneinacountry’sdomesticaffairsandittriesto

ensureacountryactaccordingtoitsprinciples.

（由最后一段“ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate’s

internalaffairs,ittriestoensurethatnon-memberstatesactaccordingtoits

principlesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.”可知，联合国物权干涉一个

国家的内政，只能尽力确保非成员国按照其国际和平与安全的原则行

事。）

Ⅲ.Writing(30’)

Throughoutourlife,wearemoreoftenthannotfacedwithvarious

crises.Confrontingcrises,differentpeopleresponddifferently.Whatisyour

attitudetowardcrises?

Writeacompositionabout400wordsonyourviewofthetopic.

【参考范文】

Crisisinourlifeislikeanillnessinourbody.Seriousillnessescan

destroyourhealthandsometimesevenputanendtoourlives,sodoesfierce

crisisknockusdownthatwemighthavenochanceofcheeringup.However,

mostfrequently,crisesarenotofthiskind.Thesecrisesarelikeailments

whichoccasionallydisturbourimmunesystem.Theyarecommonlyminor

andmakeusmuchstrongertodefeatadversitiesthatwilloccurinourlater

life.Eventhoseseriouscrises,ifhandledproperly,canbechangedintoa

blessingtous,too.

Aftercrises,peoplewilltrytoimprovethemechanismtorespondto

unexpectedcrises.Ifoneresetshisresolveandlearnsfromhisfailure,the

crisisthenwillbecomeapositivethingthathelpshimtosucceed.Tearand

sweatincrisesarebeneficialandwillcontinuetobenefitpeopleinthefuture.

Itmakesusstrongenoughtoembracethefuture.Takeafriendofmineasan

example.Hehadahardtimeinhischildhood,goingthroughsuchafatal

diseasethathehadneverthoughthecouldsurvive.Withastrongwillandthe

treatmentofdoctors,hewascured.Eversincethen,heregardedhislifeasa

secondgivenbyGodandhehasbeendoingwhateverhecantogivebackto

otherfellows.Hecherisheshislifeinagreatereffort,forheknowswhathe

reallywantstodoafternearlylosinghislife.

Crisesmakeusmorelikelytocherishwhatwehavenow.Aftergetting

overcrises,peoplearebyfarmoreconcernedabouttheirhealth,the

environmentandeverythingthattheyalwaysregardasamatterofcourse.

Besides,peoplewhorecoverfromcrises,allofsudden,realizeatruththatlife

issofeebleandprecariousthatiftheyfailtomakefulluseofit,theymay

havenoopportunitytodowhattheywanttodo,evenincapableofshowing

lovetotheirbeloved.

Asawell-knownancientChinesesayinggoes,thepastlessons,ifnot

buriedinoblivion,areteachersforusall.Weneedtobearinmindthose

sufferingsandcriseswe