2021年西南名校联盟“3+3+3”高考英语诊断性试卷（一）（附答案详解）

2021年西南名校联盟“3+3+3”高考英语诊断性试卷（一）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

4WorldHeritageSitesinChinaTheTempleofHeavenLocatedinthesouthernpartof

Beijing,theTempleofHeavenisamagnificentcomplexoffineculturalbuildingssetingardens.

ThesacredplaceservedasacomplexofsacrificialbuildingsfortheMingandQingemperors,

andisthelargestoneinBeijingamongseveralroyalaltarstoHeaven,Earth,theSun,theMoon

andothersymbolicforcesofnature.Itsymbolizestherelationshipbetweenearthandheaven-

thehumanworldandGod'sworld-whichstandsattheheartofChinesecosmogony（宇宙进

化论）.

MogaoCaves

Locatedonsouth-eastoftheDunhuangoasis,Gansuprovince,theMogaocaves,alsoknownas

theThousand-BuddhaCaves,aretheworld'slargestandlongestusedtreasurehouseof

Buddhistart.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,thecarvingofthecavesstartedin366ADand

continuedforabout1,000years.The492well-preservedcellsandcavesanctuariesin

Mogao,housingabout45,000squaremetersofmurals（壁画）andmorethan2,000painted

sculptures,arewell-knownfortheirstatuesandwallpaintings.

Fujiantulou

Fujiantulouconsistsof46buildingsconstructedbetweenthe15thand20thcenturies.Several

storieshigh,theearthenhouseswerebuiltalonganinward-looking,circularorsquarefloorplan

ashousingforupto800peopleeach.Theywerebuiltfordefensepurposesaroundacentral

opencourtyardwithonlyoneentranceandwindowstotheoutsideonlyabovethefirstfloor.

Housingawholeclan（家族）,thehousesfunctionedasvillageunitsandwereknownasua

littlekingdom"forthefamily.

TheLeshanGiantBuddha

TheLeshanGiantBuddhaissaidtobethebiggestBuddhastatueintheworld.Thewayin

whichtheculturalfeatureshavebeenintegratedwiththenaturalsceneryisconsideredtobea

preciouslegacy.TheGiantBuddhastatue,carvedonthemountain,stands71mhigh,withits

backagainstMountJiuding.Therearemorethan90stonecarvingsandBuddhistshrineson

bothsidesoftheGiantBuddha.

1.Whichofthefollowingservedasasacrificialplaceinthepast?

A.Fujiantulou.B.MogaoCaves.

C.TheTempleofHeaven.D.TheLeshanGiantBuddha.

2.WhatfeatureofFujiantuloureflectsitsdefensivefunction?

A.Theyareseveralstorieshigh.

B.Theycanholdhundredsofpeople.

C.Theyhavewindowsonthefirstfloor.

D.Theyhaveonlyoneaccesstotheoutside.

3.WhatdoMogaoCavesandTheLeshanGiantBuddhahaveincommon?

A.Theywerebothroyalplaces.

B.Theywerebothfoundincaves.

C.Theyarebothreligiousresorts.

D.Theybothhavehistoricmurals.

B

Lastfall,IwenttoNewYorkfbrsightseeing.Ivisitedmanytouristattractionsthere,andIalso

sawmanyunfortunatecitizensonthestreet,likebeggarsandhomelessfolks.

StandingoutsidetheMetropolitanMuseumofArt,Iheardavoiceask,"Canyoudomeafavor?

"WhenIturnedaround,!sawanelderlyblindwomanwithherhandextendedout.Naturally,1

reachedintomypocketfbrsomechangeimmediatelyandplaceditinherhandwithouteven

lookingather.Iwasreallyannoyedatbeingbotheredbyabeggar.WhatIonlythoughtatthat

momentwastosendheraway.

Buttheblindwomansaidwithawarmsmileonherface,1'Idon'twantyourmoney.Ijustneed

youtoshowmethewaytothesubwayentrance."

Inaninstant,IrealizedwhatIhaddonejustnow.Herunexpectedwordstookmebysuiprise

andshame.Ihadactedwithprejudice—fdjudgedanotherpersonsimplyforwhatIassumed

shehadtobe.1feltashamedofmyselfandcouldn'tfacetheoldwomananymore.AndIfelt

smallbesideher.

TheincidentremindedmethatIbelievedinbeinghumble,eventhoughIhadlostthatbelieffor

amoment.ThethingIhadforgottenaboutmyselfisthatIamanimmigrant.IleftHondurasand

arrivedintheU.S.attheageof15.Throughtheyears,Ihaveexperiencedmanyactsof

prejudice.Irememberatimeattheageof17whenIwasabusboy,!heardafathertellhislittle

boythatifhedidnotdowellinschool,hewouldenduplikeme.Butnow,livingmyAmerican

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middle-classlifestyle,itistooeasytoforgetwhoIamandwhereIhavebeen,andtolosesight

ofwhereIwanttogo.Itistheblindwomanwhocuredmeofmyblindness.

4.Whatdidtheauthorthinktheblindwomanwantedatfirstsight?

A.Toaskfordirections.B.Toofferhimsomehelp.

C.Todemandsomedonations.D.Toborrowmoneyfromhim.

5.Whydidtheauthorfeelashamed?

A.Hehadaprejudiceonthewoman.

B.Hecouldn*tfacethewoman.

C.Hewasjudgedbyhisappearance.

D.Hewasanimmigranthimself.

6.Whydidtheauthormentionhisexperienceasabusboy?

A.Toindicateheledamiserablelife.

B.Totellhedidn'tworkhardatschool.

C.Toproveheusedtobeahumbleman.

D.Toshowheusedtobeunfairlyjudged.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.BeConsiderate-AlwaysMindingYourWords

B.BeHumble-AlwaysDroppingYourPrejudice

C.BeGenerous-AlwaysHelpingThoseinNeed

D.BeAggressive-AlwaysHavingaBigDream

c

Atestthatmeasuresbloodflowchangesinthebrainshowspeoplewithhighbloodpressureare

morelikelytoexperiencepoorercommunicationbetweenbrainregionsthanthosewithnormal

bloodpressure,accordingtoasmallstudypublishedintheAmericanHeartAssociationjournal

Hypertension.

"ThisstudymayhelptoexplainwhyhypertensionisamajorriskfactorforAlzheimer's

disease,"saidthestudy'sleadauthor,LorenzoCarnevale.

Researcherscomparedimagesofthebrainsof19peoplewithhighbloodpressureand18

peoplewithbloodpressureinthenormalrange.Theimageswereresting-statefunctional

MRIs,whichmeasuresmallchangesinbloodflowatrest.Researchersalsogaveparticipants

cognitivetests.Comparedtopeoplewithnormalbloodpressure,thosewithhypertension

perfonnedslowerandpooreronthecognitivetests,andtheirbrainimagesshowedapatternof

abnormalconnections.

Dr.KristineYaffe,aprofessorofpsychiatryandneurologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,noted

thebrainchangesappearedpriortoanystructuralchangesinthebrainassociatedwithpoorer

cognitiveskills.

"Itcouldbethatthechangesarethere,andwejustdon'tseethemyet,"Yaffesaid."Ormaybe

thefunctionalconnectionsarealteredearlierintheprocess.Thereallyamazingthingtomeis

thattheyareseeingthesechangesatsuchayoungage."Theaverageageofparticipantswith

highbloodpressurewas55.

Yaffe,however,pointedoutalargerstudyoveralongerperiodoftimeisneededtofleuhout

thesefindings."Weneedtoseeifcognitivefunctiongetsworse,whoismostlikelyto

experiencethisandwhatitmeansintermsofwhenbrainchangesappear.Wecan'tanswer

thosequestionswithsuchasmallstudy.'1

"Thestudyshouldnotbeinterpretedtomeaneveryonewithhighbloodpressureisontheroad

toAlzheimer'sdisease,'*sheadded."Thebrainisreallycomplicated.Therearesomesubtle

changesinconnectionsshownhere,butthatdoesn'tmeanthebrainisn'tworking.Theremaybe

otherwaysthebrainiscompensating（弥补）forthis.11

8.Whatwillpeoplewithhypertensionsuffer?

A.Lesscommunication.B.Adeclineinmemory.

C.Inactivebrainactivities.D.Poorconnectionsinbrains.

9.WhatisDr.KristineYaffe'sattitudetowardsthestudy?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Disapproving.D.Indifferent.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"fleshout"meaninParagraph6?

A.Enrich.B.Deny.C.Describe.D.Challenge.

11.Whatcanweinferabouthighbloodpressure?

A.Brainsmaymakeupforitseffects.

B.Itmakesbrainsmorecomplicated.

C.ItmustleadtoAlzheimefsdisease.

D.Itseffectsonbrainsarestillunknown.

D

Markettradersandstreetvendors（摊贩）aremakingacomebackacrossChina,andthistime

theyfindthemselvesequippedwithanewsetofdigitalskillsessentialtonavigatingthevast

consumermarket.Torevitalize（复兴）retailstands,inamoveaimedatstimulatingdomestic

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spendingandstabilizingemployment,thecountry'sleadinge-commerceplatformsarelending

ahelpinghand,offeringserviceslikeaccessiblefinancingbackedbytechnologies.

DomesticwholesalesiteI688.comisamongthefirstgroupoftechplayerswithsuchofferings.

Attheheartoftheactionplanisanefforttolinkstreetvendorsdirectlywith

factories,effectivelyavoidingmiddlemenandsavingtimeandcosts.

AccordingtogeneralmanagerWangHai,numeroussmall-scalemerchantsonthesitehave

managedtogaintheupperhandinpricenegotiations,whilemanufacturersaremorewillingto

mass-produceastheeconomyofscaleservestoreducecosts,thuscreatingawin-winsituation.

"Dataanalyticsalsokicksin,givingtraderssomeinsightintocurrentconsumertrendssothat

theynolongerneedtooperatetheirbusinesspurelybasedonintuition（直觉）,andtheycan

avoidstockpiling,"Wangsaid.Forinstance,themostsought-aftercategoriesinmarketsare

dailynecessities,underwear,digitalgadgetsandbeautyproducts,accordingtothecompany,

whereasthemostpassionatebuyerscomefromGuangdong,ZhejiangandJiangsuprovinces.

Meanwhile,tostabilizeemployment,e-commercemajorJD.comvowedtoaddanumberofjob

positionsthateitherrequireflexibleworkinghours,allowworkingfromhomeoraredesigned

topromotestartupbusinesses.Forpostsrelatedtodelivery,warehousemanagementand

packaging,priorityisgiventopeoplefrompoverty-strickenareas.

"TheCOVID-19outbreakwillacceleratethedigitaltransformationoftherealeconomy,and

individualtradersandsmallerstoresarenoexception,'1saidXuLei,CEOofJD'sretailunit.

"Wehavethecapabilityand,moreimportantly,theresponsibilitytoinjectvitality（活力）into

theseentities,thuscontributingtotheeconomicrebound（回弹）andstabilizingemployment.

12.Whatcanwelearnaboute-commerceplatformslike1688.com?

A.Theyhaveanadvantageinpricenegotiation.

B.Theireffortshelpstreetvendorscutthecost.

C.Theyincreaseproductionthroughtechnology.

D.Theirservicesarefinancedbythegovernment.

13.Howdoesdataanalyticsbenefittraders?

A.Byimprovingtraders*businessintuition.

B.Byhelpingtradersfindoutmarkettrends.

C.Bytellingtraderswhentostockpilegoods.

D.Byaidingtradersincontrollingthemarket.

14.WhoismorelikelytogetadeliveryjobfromJD?

A.Apersonexperiencedindrivingatruck.

B.Apersonwillingtostartanewbusiness.

C.Apersonfromanunderdevelopedvillage.

D.Apersonpreferringflexibleworkinghours.

15.Whichcolumnofanewspaperisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?

A.Culture.B.World.C.Lifestyle.D.Business.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

Tablemannersaretheultimatewaytoshowrespectorsomeaccidentaldisrespecttoyourhost.

(1).

InFrance,youaresupposedtousetwohandstoeat-eitherforkandknifeorforkandbread.

Breadisn'tmeanttobeanappetizer.(2).Whenyoueatthebread,tearoffapieceof

ittoeatinsteadofbitingdirectlyintothebread.Whennotinuse,thebreadbelongsonthetable

ortableclothinsteadoftheplate.

Finishingeverythingonyourplateisano-noinmanyAsiancountries.(3).Leaving

asmallamountonyourplatesymbolizesthatyou'vehadyourfillandacknowledgesyourhost's

generosity.

(4).So,tipping,intheirculture,isrude.Eveniftheydon'tassumeyou'rebeing

rude,theycanalsobeveryconfusedbytheextramoney,thinkingyouhaveoverpaid.Whether

it'sataxidriver,aserver,orabellhop,don'ttipthem.It'snotgoodmanners.

AmongthelocalpeopleofChinaandtheInuitpeopleofCanada,alightburp(打嗝)attheend

ofamealisconsideredacompliment,asitindicatesthatyou'veeatenwell.(5),

orneverleavethemuprightinabowlofrice.Forthisishowfoodisofferedtothespiritofa

deadperson.

A.Furthermore,don'tlickyourchopsticks

B.Insteaditservestoassistthefoodtothefork

C.Itsuggeststhatyourhostsdidn'tfeedyouenough

D.ManypeopleinJapanbelievethatgoodserviceisstandard

E.InBrazil,breadandpizzaarenormallyeatenwithaforkandknife,too

F.Herearesomeoftheveryspecificdiningdo'sanddon*tsfromaroundtheworld

G.Youmayalsodrinkdirectlyfromthesoupbowl-spoons,however,areuncommon

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16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)

Lifefrombirthtodeathisanunbrokenchainofever-increasing,unavoidablestruggles.

Strugglesareakindof(1)withwhichNatureforceshumanitytodevelop,expandand

progress.Theeducationwe(2)fromthestruggleswefaceisgraduallyincreasing.We

getitalittleatatimefromevery(3)weencounter.

Facestrugglesandmasterthem.(4)youwillhavethestrengthandwisdomforallyour

needs.

Thestrongesttreesintheforestaren'tthosemost(5).Theyarethosethatmuststruggle

againstthe(6)conditionsandothertreesandovercomethemtosurvive.

Mygrandfatherwasawagon(四轮马车)maker.In(7)hislandforcrops,healways

leftafewoaktreesstandingintheopenfieldswheretheywere(8)tothefullforceof

thesunandstrongwinds.ThetreesthatstruggledagainstNaturewerefarstrongerand(9)

thantheprotectedonesdeepintheforest.Itwastimber(木材)fromthetreeswhich

hadstruggled(10)heusedforthewagonwheels,(11)fearthattheywould

break,becausetheyhadstruggledandgrownstrongenoughto(12)theheaviestloads.

Strugglesforceustomovewhenwewouldotherwisestand(13).Andtheyleadus

eventuallytothefullrealizationthat(14)comesonlythroughstruggles.(15)

worthwhileinlifeiseverachievedwithoutastruggle.

Onceweunderstandthebroadpurposeoflife,weare(16)toacceptthecircumstances

thatforceustostruggle.(17),weacceptstrugglesforwhattheyare-(18),

andit'ssorewardingwhenyougetinspirationsfromstrugglestoliveyourlifetothe(19)

andachancetoenjoythelifewhichyouaremakingsomany(20)toget.

21.A.ruleB.toolC.barrierD.behavior

22.A.offerB.updateC.receiveD.discover

23.A.inconvenienceB.experienceC.questionD.examination

24.A.ThenB.StillC.YetD.Even

25.A.preventedB.endangeredC.affectedD.protected

26.A.unreasonableB.unfavorableC.unfamiliarD.beneficial

27.A.plantingB.turningC.ruiningD.clearing

28.A.exposedB.connectedC.accustomedD.addicted

29.A.tougherB.weakerC.drierD.prettier

30.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when

31.A.forB.despiteC.withoutD.through

32.A.bearB.increaseC.removeD.lessen

33.A.outsideB.straightC.apartD.still

34.A.reputationB.successC.courageD.independence

35.A.AnythingB.EverythingC.SomethingD.Nothing

36.A.willingB.afraidC.ashamedD.surprised

37.A.OnthecontraryB.Forinstance

C.AsaresultD.Inparticular

38.A.discouragementB.ambition

C.opportunitiesD.drawbacks

39.A.richestB.fairestC.easiestD.fullest

40.A.mistakesB.sacrificesC.decisionsD.arrangements

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

41.OneareainwhichAI(ArtificialIntelligence)influencesglobalhealthisinthefieldof

epidemiology(流行病学).StartupAIMEhas(1)(success)combined

publichealthdatawithmachinelearningandAI(2)(create)apredictionengine

capableofanticipatingepidemicsmonthsinadvancewithgreat(3)(accurate).

AnotherfieldwheremedicalAisaremakingrapidadvances(4)(be)in

diagnostics.Doctorsbasealotofdecisions(5)informationfromX-ray,CTand

MRIimages.Speedingup(6)(diagnosis)frompatientscanscanrapidly

improvepatientcareandoutcomes.Governmentsinmanycountriesfacetheprospectof

ageingpopulations.So(7)wewilllikelyseeistheexpansionofAI

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services,includingrobotichelpers.Robots（8）（design）specificallytointeract

withpeoplecouldhelpsolvetheproblemsofisolationandlonelinessthataffectmany

olderpeople.PetandroidslikeAiboprovidecompanionshipandlearnfrom（9）

（they）interactionsabouteachowner'spreferences.Morehumanoidrobotsareableto

providesocialinteraction,beapersonalassistantandlookafter（10）elderly,

accordingtoitsmakers.

五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文

中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删

除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

DearMr.Mayor,

lamastudentfromXinhuaHighSchool.Iamwritingtosuggestthatbuildingapedestrian

bridgeinfrontofourschoolgate.

Everyday,thousandsofstudentsneedcrossthestreet,whichusuallyleadstoabigtraffic

jamduringthebusilyhours.Asforstudents,itwillbethewasteoftimetowaitfora

dangerouschancetocrosstheroadwithcarspassbyveryfast.Moreimportantly,inthe

pastfewyears,therehadbeentensofaccidentsinvolvingstudents,inmanyofthem

studentswereseverelyinjuredorevenkilled.Butifitisapedestrianbridge,thetraffic

pressurewillbeeased,andstudents1securecanbeguaranteed.

Isincerelyhopeyoucantakemyadviceforaccount.

Respectfullyyours,

LiHua

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.假如你是李华，刚结束交换生生活回到中国，请给你在英国的寄宿家庭写一封邮件,

感谢Black夫妇一年来的照顾和帮助，内容包括：1.报平安；2.表达谢意（生活上

的照顾；学习上的帮助等）；3.邀请对方到中国旅游。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已为

你写好，不计入总词数。

第10页，共23页

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1]C【小题2】D【小题3】C

【解析】(1)C.细节理解题。由第一段第一、二

句..heTempleofHeavenisamagnificentcomplexoffineculturalbuildingssetingardens.T

hesacredplaceservedasacomplexofsacrificialbuildingsfortheMingandQingemperors

(theTempleofHeaven是以花园为背景的宏伟的文化精品建筑群。这个神圣的地方曾

经是明、清朝代的祭祀建筑)可知，theTempleofHeaven曾经作为明、清朝代的祭祀

建筑(sacrificialbuilding),故选C.

(2)D.细节理解题。由第三段第三句

Theywerebuiltfordefensepurposesaroundacentralopencourtyardwithonlyoneentrancea

ndwindowstotheoutsideonlyabovethefirstfloor0(出于防御目的，在开放式的中央庭

院周围只有一个出入口并且窗户只在一楼以上才有。)可知，出于防御目的，福建士

楼只有一个出入口，故选D.

(3)C.推理判断题。由第二段

theMogaocaves,alsoknownastheThousand-BuddhaCaves,aretheworld'slargestandIon

gestusedtreasurehouseofBuddhistart.(莫高窟，俗称千佛洞，是世界上现存规模最大、

内容最丰富的的佛教艺术地。)和第四段

TheLeshanGiantBuddhaissaidtobethebiggestBuddhastatueintheworld.(据说乐ill大

佛是世界上最大的佛像。)可知，莫高窟(MogaoCaves)和乐山大佛

(theLeshanGiantBuddha)都是宗教圣地，故选C.

本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了中国的四个世界遗产地一天坛、莫高窟、福建土楼

及乐山大佛.

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题

一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能

多地捕获信息材料。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇

材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要

善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分

析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

4.【答案】

【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】B

【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据第二段"WhenIturnedaround,Isawanelderlyblind

womanwithherhandextendedout.Naturally,Ireachedintomypocketforsomechange

immediatelyandplaceditinherhandwithoutevenlookingather."（我转过身，看见一位年

老的盲人伸出手来。很自然地，我立即把手伸进口袋找了些零钱，放在她手里，连看都

没看她一眼。）可知，刚开始，作者把盲人女士的求助误认为是乞讨要钱。故选C项。

（2）A.细节理解题。根据第四段"Ihadactedwithprejudice-I'djudgedanotherperson

simplyforwhatIassumedshehadtobe."（我的行为带有偏见--我判断另一个人只是因为

我认为她应该是什么样的人。）可知，在得知盲人女士的真实需要后，作者羞愧于自己

刚才不应带着偏见看人。故选A项。

（3）D.推理判断题。根据最后一段"Throughtheyears,Ihaveexperiencedmanyactsof

prejudice.”（这些年来，我经历了许多的偏见行为。）可知，作者这些年也被别人带着

偏见对待过，其中一个事例就是自己在做勤杂工时的经历。故选D项。

（4）B.标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者因把一位盲人女士的求助误

认为是乞讨行为，从而反思自己不应该带着偏见看人的故事，作者想通过这个故事告诉

大家，要时刻保持谦逊之心，不要带着偏见对待他人，最后一段中的“beinghumble”是

关键词，故选B项。

这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者因把一位盲人女士的求助误认为是乞讨行为，从而反思自

己不应该带着偏见看人的故事。

1.直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。

2.间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原

文信息进行转换。

3.综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或

者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章

第12页，共23页

取义。

8.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】A

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一段

Atestthatmeasuresbloodflowchangesinthebrainshowspeoplewithhighbloodpressurea

re

morelikelytoexperiencepoorercommunicationbetweenbrainregionsthanthosewithnorm

albloodpressure（-一项测量大脑血流变化的测试显示，与正常血压的人相比，高血压患

者的大脑区域之间的交流更有可能出现障碍）可知，高血压病人大脑区域间的关联会减

弱。故选D项。

（2）B.推理判断题。根据第五段和第六段内容尤其是

Yaffe,however,pointedoutalargerstudyoveralongerperiodoftimeisneededtofleshoutt

hesefindings.（然而，Yaffe指出，需要一项更大规模、更长期的研究来充实这些发现。）可

知，Dr.Yaffe肯定了这项研究的意义，但同时也指出这项研究有局限性，还需进行更

大规模，更长时间的研究，这说明Dr.Yaffe对这一实验的态度是客观的。故选B项。

（3）A.词句猜测题。根据下文

Weneedtoseeifcognitivefunctiongetsworse,whoismostlikelytoexperiencethisandwh

atitmeansintermsofwhenbrainchangesappear.Wecan'tanswerthosequestionswithsuch

asmallstudy.（我们需要了解认知功能是否会恶化，谁最有可能经历这种情况，以及大

脑何时出现变化意味着什么。我们不能用这么小的研究来回答这些问题。）可知.，划

线句句意是：需要进行更大规模，更长时间的实验来丰富这方面实验的成果。故故划线

短语表示"丰富"。A.Enrich丰富；B.Deny否认；C.Describe描述；D.Challenge挑战。

故选A项。

（4）A.推理判断题。根据最后一段

"Thestudyshouldnotbeinterpretedtomeaneveryonewithhighbloodpressureisontheroa

dloAlzheimer'sdisease,"sheadded."Thebrainisreallycomplicated.Therearesomesubtle

changesinconnectionsshownhere,butthatdoesn'tmeanthebrainisn'tworking.Theremayb

eotherwaysthebrainiscompensating（弥补）forthis."（"这项研究不应该被解释为每

个高血压患者都在走向老年痴呆症。”她补充说，”大脑真的很复杂。这里显示的连接有

一些微妙的变化，但这并不意味着大脑不工作，大脑可能还有其他的补偿方法。"）可

推断，大脑也许会以某种方式来抵消高血压对大脑产生的不利影响，故选A项。

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学研究发现高血压可能会影响到人大脑的功能，进而造

成阿尔兹海默症等疾病。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题

一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能

多地捕获信息材料。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇

材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要

善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分

析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

12.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】D

【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第二段中

"Attheheartoftheactionplanisanefforttolinkstreetvendorsdirectlywithfactories,efecti

velyavoidingmiddlemenandsavingtimeandcosts."（这项行动计划的核心是努力将街头

小贩与工厂直接联系起来，有效避免中间商，节省时间和成本。）可知，电商平台帮

助地摊老板直接联系生产商，避免中间商赚差价，从而帮助他们降低成本。故选B项。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第四段中

"Dataanalyticsalsokicksin,givingtraderssomeinsightintocurrenlconsumertrendssothat

theynolongerneedtooperatetheirbusinesspurelybasedonintuition（直

觉），andtheycanavoidstockpiling"（数据分析也发挥了作用，让交易商对当前的消费

趋势有了一些了解，这样他们就不必再单纯凭直觉来经营业务了，而且可以避免囤积）

可知电商平台的数据分析可以帮助商人了解客户需求，即市场的趋势，避免了盲目依靠

直觉来做生意。故选B项。

（3）C.推理判断题。根据第五段中

"Forpostsrelatedtodelivery,warehousemanagementandpackaging,priorityisgivent

opeoplefrompoverty-strickenareas."（在送货、仓库管理、包装等相关岗位，优先安排

贫困地区人员）可知，来自欠发达乡村的人更可能得到一份货物运输的工作。故选C

项。

（4）D.推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在新冠肺炎疫情得到基本控制之

后，网络电商平台以多种方式助力市场和地摊经济的复苏，这属于经济范畴，因此文章

第14页，共23页

内容可能出自报刊的商业（business）板块。A.Culture文化；B.World世界；C.Lifestyle

生活方式；D.Business商业。故选D项。

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在新冠肺炎疫情得到基本控制之后，网络电商平台以多种

方式助力市场和地摊经济的复苏。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题

一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能

多地捕获信息材料。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇

材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。要

善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分

析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。

16.【答案】

【小题1】F【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】D【小题5】A

【解析】（1）F.推理判断题。由上一"Tablemannersaretheultimatewaytoshowrespect

orsomeaccidentaldisrespecttoyourhost."（餐桌礼仪是对主人表示尊重或无意的不尊重

的终极方式。）和下文列举的法国、许多亚洲国家、中国和加拿大的餐桌礼仪和具体就

餐时的注意事项可知，本文主要讲不同国家的餐桌礼仪，以及具体就餐时的注意事项，

承接上下文，F选项”以下是来自世界各地的一些非常具体的用餐注意事项”切题。故选

F项。

（2）B.推理判断题。由上两句"InFrance,youaresupposedtousetwohandstoeat-either

forkandknifeorforkandbread.Breadisn'tmeanttobeanappetizer."（在法国，你应该用

两只手吃饭，不是用刀叉就是用面包和叉。面包不是开胃菜。）和下两句"Whenyoueat

thebread,tearoffapieceofittoeatinsteadofbitingdirectlyintothebread.Whennotinuse,

thebreadbelongsonthetableortableclothinsteadofIheplate."（当你吃面包时，撕下一片

面包吃，而不是直接咬面包。不用面包时，面包放在桌子或桌布上而不是