无锡市2023-2024学年高三上学期期中教学质量调研测试英语试卷（解析版）

第2页/共21页无锡市2023-2024学年上学期高三期中教学质量调研测试英语注意事项及说明：1.试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答案一律写在答题卡上。考试结束时，上交答题卡。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdoesthemanenjoytheview?A.Throughatelescope.B.Throughacamera.C.Throughamobilephone.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ontheplayground.B.Inastore.C.Inagym.3Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Eatatarestaurant.B.Shopatagrocerystore.C.HavedinnerwithJack’smother.4.Whenwillthemeetingbeheld?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.5.Whatarethespeakersmostprobablytalkingabout?A.Abed.B.Achair.C.Ablanket.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whichpartofthebodyisthewomanfocusingonrecoveringnow?A.Hershoulder.B.Herfingers.C.Herarm.7.Whoprobablyhelpsthewomancarryhergroceries?A.Herbrother.B.Theman.C.Herco-workers.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Amagicschool.B.Acostumeparty.C.ThemovieHarryPotter.9.Whatisthewomanlike?A.Confident.B.Funny.C.Helpful.听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。10.Whatdifficultydoesthewomanmeet?A.Howtopublishherbook.B.Whentopublishherbook.C.Wheretopublishherbook.11.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandoaboutherbook?A.Callapublisher.B.Advertiseitherself.C.Asktheteacherforadvice.12Howmanypagesdoesthewoman’sbookhave?A.About200.B.About350.C.About700.13.Whatwillthewomangivethemantoread?A.Adigitalcopy.B.Aprintedcopy.C.Ahandwrittencopy.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whenmightthebirthdaypartybeheld?A.OnThursday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.15.WhatdoesJudyhavetodoonthedayoftheparty?A.Gotowork.B.Takethecarforacheck.C.Driveherbrothersomewhere.16.WhatgiftwillDavegivetoBradforhisbirthday?A.Ahat.B.Agiftcard.C.ACD.17.WhatwillthespeakersdoatBrad’sbirthdayparty?A.Dosomesports.B.Seeamovie.C.Watchaperformance.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthecleverthingaboutthemall?A.Itslocation.B.Itsatmosphere.C.Itsshopkeepers.19.WhatdoesMariaLarssonthinkofthemall?A.Common.B.Creative.C.Modern.20.Whyisthemallspecial?A.Becauseit’sfashionable.B.Becauseit’seasilyaccessible.C.Becauseit’senvironmentallyfriendly.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.StartofAutumn,the13thsolarterm,reflectstheendofsummerandthebeginningofautumn.Thefruitfulseasonisapproaching.Thefollowingareseveralthingsyoushouldknowaboutit.“AutumnTiger”AlthoughStartofAutumnindicatesthebeginningofautumn,hotweatherwon’tcometoanend.TheperiodofhotdaysafterStartofAutumn,iscalled“AutumnTiger”.Becauseofdecreasingrainfall,itisevenmoresweltering(闷热的)duringthisperiodthanduringMajorHeat.EatinglongansTheStartofAutumnperiodisharvesttimeforTaiwanlongan.Peoplebelievethateatinglonganwillhelptheirchildrenbecomeseniorofficials.EatingredbeansStartingfromtheTangDynastyandtheSongDynasty,peopleinYiwu,Zhejiangprovince,haveeatenredbeansonStartofAutumnday.Theytake7to14littlebeans,swallowingthemwithwellwater.Whentakingthebeans,onemustfacewest,itissaid,soasnottogetdysenteryduringtheautumn.Eatinggourds(葫芦)DuringtheQingDynasty,peoplewouldputgourdsoutsideforadaybeforetheStartofAutumn,andeatthemonStartofAutumndaytodriveoffthesummerheat.TodaypeopleinTianjinstillkeepthiscustom,believingthateatingmelonssuchastowelgourd,whitegourdandbittergourdcanpreventdiarrhea(腹泻)inautumn.1.Whatcauses“AutumnTiger”accordingtothepassage?A.Thereducingrainfall. B.Theendingofsummer.C.Theapproachingautumn. D.Thebeginningofthesolarterm.2.Whatisthecommonbeliefforpeopletoeatredbeansandgourds?A.Toavoidheat. B.Tokeepthecustom.C.Topreventdiseases. D.Tohelpchildrenbecomeseniorofficials.3.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinemightthepassagebetakenfrom?A.Sports. B.Culture. C.Entertainment. D.Politics.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在中国的传统文化中，关于立秋我们应该知道的几件事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据AutumnTiger部分中“Becauseofdecreasingrainfall,itisevenmoresweltering(闷热的)duringthisperiodthanduringMajorHeat.(由于降雨量减少，这段时间比大暑期间更闷热)”可知，“秋老虎”是由于降雨量减少，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Eatingredbeans部分中“Whentakingthebeans,onemustfacewest,itissaid,soasnottogetdysenteryduringtheautumn.(据说，吃豆子的时候一定要面朝西，以免在秋天得痢疾)”和Eatinggourds(葫芦)部分中“TodaypeopleinTianjinstillkeepthiscustom,believingthateatingmelonssuchastowelgourd,whitegourdandbittergourdcanpreventdiarrhea(腹泻)inautumn.(今天天津人仍然保留着这个习俗，认为在秋天吃丝瓜、冬瓜、苦瓜可以预防腹泻)”可知，人们吃红豆和冬瓜是为了预防疾病，故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“ThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.StartofAutumn,the13thsolarterm,reflectstheendofsummerandthebeginningofautumn.Thefruitfulseasonisapproaching.Thefollowingareseveralthingsyoushouldknowaboutit.(中国传统的阳历将一年分为24个节气。立秋，第13个节气，反映了夏天的结束和秋天的开始。丰收的季节即将来临。以下是你应该知道的几件事)”可知，文章主要介绍了在中国的传统文化中，关于立秋我们应该知道的几件事，应是摘自杂志的文化部分，故选B。BEachmorningat6o’clock,evenonweekends,KamaljeetSingh,57,isupandoutofthehouse.Hestartsbyspendingthreehourshelpingdistributefoodtonearlytwodozendrop-offlocationsacrossDelhi,India,andthenchecksonthemanyfacilitiesrunbythevolunteerorganizationheleadswithhisbrother,Premjit.Theorganization,VeerjiKaDera,wasfoundedin1989bytheirfather,TrilokchanSingh.TrilokchanandhishelpersbegansupportingoneofIndia’smostunderservedgroups:themigrantworkerswhocametoDelhifromruralareas.Itstartedwithafreebreakfast,andeventuallythegroupwasalsoprovidingbasicfirstaidforminor,oftenjob-related,injuries.Duringthistime,Trilokchanwouldbeginhisdaysasearlyas4o’clockinthemorning,thengotohispaidjob5hourslater,andendeachdaybyvolunteeringintheevenings.Afterhisdeath,KamaljeetandPremjit,inspiredbytheirfather’slifetimeofservice,tookovertheorganization.“Wearecontinuinghislegacyofhelpingthepoorestofthepoor,”saysPremjit,61,“OuraimisthatnoonegoeshungryanduncaredforinDelhi.”VeerjiKaDeranowfeedsabout2500dailywageworkersandhomelesspeopleaday,inadditiontoprovidingbasicmedicalcareforasmanyas500people.ThegroupoperatesamainbuildinginwestDelhi,severalrentedfarms—growingcropssuchaswheat,mustard,milletandrice—anold-agehomeandclinics.Itevenoperatesananimalshelterhousingafewhundredrescuedcowsandbuffalo.It’sallmadepossiblebytheroughly250familieswhovolunteertheirtimetocook,drive,nurse,farmandclean.Kamaljeetandhiswife,Raminder,juggletheirvolunteerworkwithmanagingtheirsecurity-camerainstallation(设备)company,andtheygethelpfromtheirsonanddaughter-in-law,too.Hisotheradultchildren,whonowliveabroad,havevolunteeredinthepast,ashavePremjit’skids.Despitethesizeandscopeoftheorganization,thebrothersclaimitcausesthemnostress.Kamaljeetsaysspendingtimewithhisbrotherandthevolunteers—especiallyyoungpeople—is“thebest”.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutKamaljeetfromparagraph1?A.HesetsupVeerjiKaDera. B.Heisfondofgettingupearly.C.Heroutinelyhelpsthoseinneed. D.Hecanhavearestonweekends.5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningTrilokchan?A.Tocommentonhiswork. B.Tocomparehisworkwithhissons’.C.Toshowhisinfluenceonhissons. D.Todescribehistoughlivingconditions.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“juggle”meaninparagraph5?A.Combine. B.Share. C.Connect. D.Balance.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Acaringfamily. B.Aworthyorganization.C.Amysterioustale. D.Ameaningfulexperience.【答案】4C5.C6.D7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一个公益组织VeerjiKaDera。这个组织由TrilokchanSingh于1989年创立，他去世后由他的两个儿子接管，250个志愿者家庭自愿花时间做饭、开车、护理、种地和打扫卫生，服务于从农村地区来到德里的农民工。他们的目标是：在德里，没有人挨饿，没有人无人照顾。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Eachmorningat6o’clock,evenonweekends,KamaljeetSingh,57,isupandoutofthehouse.Hestartsbyspendingthreehourshelpingdistributefoodtonearlytwodozendrop-offlocationsacrossDelhi,India,andthenchecksonthemanyfacilitiesrunbythevolunteerorganizationheleadswithhisbrother,Premjit.Theorganization,VeerjiKaDera,wasfoundedin1989bytheirfather,TrilokchanSingh.(每天早上6点，57岁的卡玛吉特·辛格就起床出门了，即使在周末也是如此。他首先要花3个小时帮助向印度德里的近24个送餐点分发食物，然后检查由他和哥哥普雷姆吉特领导的志愿者组织运营的许多设施。这个名为VeerjiKaDera的组织由他们的父亲TrilokchanSingh于1989年创立)”可知，Kamaljeet每天包括周末都是这样忙着打理这个组织的事务，而这个组织是帮助那些困境中的人。故选C项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Afterhisdeath,KamaljeetandPremjit,inspiredbytheirfather’slifetimeofservice,tookovertheorganization.‘Wearecontinuinghislegacyofhelpingthepoorestofthepoor,’saysPremjit,61,‘OuraimisthatnoonegoeshungryanduncaredforinDelhi.’(父亲去世后，卡玛吉特和普雷姆吉特受到父亲一生服务的启发，接管了这个组织。61岁的普雷姆吉特说:‘我们正在继承他的遗志，帮助有需要的穷人。我们的目标是，在德里，没有人挨饿，没有人无人照顾’)”可知，作者提到这位父亲是为了讲述这兄弟两个是在父亲的影响下从事这个慈善事业的。故选C项。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后面的“theirvolunteerwork(做志愿者工作)”和“managingtheirsecurity-camerainstallation(设备)company(管理他们的安全摄像头安装公司)”可知，划线词和balance意义相近，他们要平衡好机构的公益事业和自己的公司，兼顾两者。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一个公益组织VeerjiKaDera。这个组织由TrilokchanSingh于1989年创立，他去世后由他的两个儿子接管，250个志愿者家庭自愿花时间做饭、开车、护理、种地和打扫卫生，服务于从农村地区来到德里的农民工。他们的目标是：在德里，没有人挨饿，没有人无人照顾，因此本文主要介绍一个有意义的公益组织。故选B项。CInsomnia(失眠)feelslikeacurseforthoselefttossingandturningastheytrytofallasleep.Suchproblemscanbenotonlyupsetting,butalsoharmfultothebrain,asrevealedinlastissue’sarticleonsleep.ScientistsfromtheUSUniversityofWashingtonhavebeenusingbracelets(手镯)tomonitorthesleeppattersof507universitystudentsoveraperiodofthreeyears.Thebraceletsallowedscientistsnotonlytomonitorthesleeppatternsoftheirsubjectsbutalsotoexaminetheirexposuretolightduringtheday.Thedatarevealedthatthestudentsenjoyedaboutthesamequantityofsleepregardlessofseasons.Butonweeknightsinthewintertheywenttobed35minuteslater,andalsoroseagain27minuteslater,comparedwithweeknightsinthesummer.Thediscoverysurprisedthescientists.ThecityofSeattle,wheretheuniversityislocated,gets16hoursofdaylightinthesummerandonly8inthewinter.Theyexpectedthatlonglightsummereveningswouldkeepthestudentsuplonger—buttheoppositeprovedtobethecase.Accordingtothescientists,theexplanationmaybethatthelowquantityofdaylightinwinterdisturbsthestudents’internalclock,shiftingitbysome40minutes.Theysimplyspenttoolittletimeoutdoorsduringwintermonths.Thescientistsalsosuggestthatthetypeoflightmattersverymuch.“Lightduringtheday,particularlyinthemorning,affectsyourinternalclock,soyougettiredearlierintheevening,whilelightlateinthedayorearlyintheeveningdelaysyourtiredness,”explainsHoracio,ProfessorofBiologyattheUniversityofWashingtonandoneofthescientistsbehindthepublication.Accordingtohim,theresultsareanimportantremindertoallofus,notjustAmericanuniversitystudents,tothinkaboutlightlevelsandourexposure.“Manyofusliveincitieswithlotsofartificiallight,andatthesametimeourlifestylekeepsusindoorsduringtheday,”Horacionotes.“Thestudydemonstratesthatwehavetostepoutside—evenbriefly,andparticularlyinthemorning—tobesubjectedtonaturallight.”8.Whatdoesparagraph1intendtotellus?AThesignsofinsomnia. B.Thecausesofinsomnia.C.Theexperiencesofinsomnia. D.Theproblemsofinsomnia.9.Whatsurprisedthescientists?A.LonghoursofdaylightinSeattle’ssummer.B.Thesamequantityofsleepwhatevertheseason.C.Thechangeablesleeppatternsoftheparticipants.D.Theshortersleepingtimeinwinterweeknights.10.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph6?A.Tostateanotherproblem. B.Topresentdoubt.C.Toprovideanotherexplanation. D.Togiveevidence.11.WhatdoesHoracioadviseustodofromthelastparagraph?A.Haveenoughsleep. B.Getoutearlytoenjoynaturallight.C.Dealwithlightpollution. D.Stayindoortoavoidlightexposure.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述美国华盛顿大学的科学家们进行的一项关于睡眠的调查，发现光线类型和暴露时长都会影响睡眠时间，最后建议人们早上去户外享受自然光的照射。【8题详解】段落大意题。根据第一段“Insomnia(失眠)feelslikeacurseforthoselefttossingandturningastheytrytofallasleep.Suchproblemscanbenotonlyupsetting,butalsoharmfultothebrain,asrevealedinlastissue’sarticleonsleep.(对于那些在试图入睡时辗转反侧的人来说，失眠就像是一种诅咒。正如上一期关于睡眠的文章所揭示的那样，这些问题不仅会让人心烦意乱，而且对大脑有害)”可知，第一段旨在告诉我们失眠的问题，故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thedatarevealedthatthestudentsenjoyedaboutthesamequantityofsleepregardlessofseasons.(数据显示，无论季节如何，学生们的睡眠时间都是一样的)”和第四段中“Thediscoverysurprisedthescientists.(这一发现使科学家们大吃一惊)”以及“Theyexpectedthatlonglightsummereveningswouldkeepthestudentsuplonger(他们原以为漫长而明亮的夏夜会让学生们睡得更久)”可知，科学家原以为夏天学生们会睡更长时间，但数据显示学生们的睡眠时间都是一样的，这使使科学家们大吃一惊，故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。第五段中“Accordingtothescientists,theexplanationmaybethat…(据科学家解释，这可能是……)”解释了其中一个原因，根据第六段中“Thescientistsalsosuggestthatthetypeoflightmattersverymuch.(科学家们还指出，光的类型也很重要)”可知，第六段是解释另一个原因，故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thestudydemonstratesthatwehavetostepoutside—evenbriefly,andparticularlyinthemorning—tobesubjectedtonaturallight.(这项研究表明，我们必须走出家门，哪怕只是一小会儿，尤其是在早晨，接受自然光的照射)”可知，Horacio建议我们早上去户外享受自然光的照射，故选B。DAreyougoodatinterpretingotherpeople’semotions?Thenthere’sagoodchancethatyou’realsogoodatunderstandingwhatanimalstrytosay.AnewDanish-SwissstudypublishedintheopenjournalRoyalSocietyOpenScienceindicatesthatempathetic(能共情的)peoplearealsogoodatdecoding(解读)animalsounds.Otherfactorsalsoimproveyourchanceofcommunicatingwithanimals—youaremorelikelytobeanimal-empatheticifyoualsoworkwithanimals,andtheabilityseemstopeakinthoseaged20-29yearsold,accordingtothescientists.“Ourresultsshowthat,basedonanimalsounds,peopleareabletotellwhetherananimalisagitated(焦虑不安的)ornotandwhethertheanimalexpressespositiveornegativeemotions,”saysbehaviouralbiologistElodieBrieferfromtheUniversityofCopenhagen’sFacultyofScience.“Thisistrueinconnectionwithanumberofdifferentmammals.Wecanalsoseethatourabilitytointerpretthesoundsdependsonfactorssuchasage,first-handknowledgeofanimals,andnotleasthowempatheticwearetowardsotherpeople.”Thestudywasbasedonanswersfrom1024peopleacross48countries.Theywereintroducedtosoundsfromsixmammals:goats,cattle,domesticatedhorses,Asianwildhorses,pigs,andwildboars.Thesoundsfromthesixanimalswereplayedtothestudy’srespondentstogetherwithsoundsofhumannonsense(胡言乱语)producedbyactors.Afterwards,theparticipantshadtoguesswhetherthesoundsexpressedahighorlowlevelofagitation,andiftheemotionswerepositiveornegative.Followingthetest,theparticipantswereaskedtotakeanempathytestthatmeasuredtheirempathytowardshumanbeings.“Itisaconvincingtestwhichmeasuresempathytowardsotherpeople,”ElodieBrieferexplains.“Andwesawaclearconnectionwiththeabilitytointerpretanimalsounds.”12.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthepassage?A.Bystatingopinions. B.Byquotingasaying.C.Bygivinganexample. D.Byaskingaquestion.13.Whomightbebestatunderstandinganimalemotionsbasedonthestudy?A.A15-year-oldhard-workingstudent. B.A25-year-oldcaringanimalraiser.C.A29-year-oldexperiencedhunter. D.A30-year-oldfriendlyteacher.14.WhatdoesElodieBrieferthinkofthetestinvolved?A.Doubtful. B.Reliable. C.Ineffective. D.Disappointing.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Humanempathyextendstoanimals B.EmotioninterpretationhelpsanimalsC.Soundinterpretationdependsonages D.Emotionexpressionprotectsanimals【答案】12.D13.B14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明有同理心的人也擅长解码动物的声音。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Areyougoodatinterpretingotherpeople’semotions?Thenthere’sagoodchancethatyou’realsogoodatunderstandingwhatanimalstrytosay.(你善于解读别人的情绪吗?那么很有可能你也很擅长理解动物想说什么。)”接下来第二段讲述文章的主题“AnewDanish-Swissstudypublishedintheopenjournal

RoyalSocietyOpenScience

indicatesthatempathetic(能共情的)peoplearealsogoodatdecoding(解读)animalsounds.(发表在开放期刊《皇家学会开放科学》上的一项丹麦——瑞士联合研究表明，有同理心的人也擅长解码动物的声音。)”可知，作者通过提问来引出文章的主题。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Otherfactorsalsoimproveyourchanceofcommunicatingwithanimals—youaremorelikelytobeanimal-empatheticifyoualsoworkwithanimals,andtheabilityseemstopeakinthoseaged20-29yearsold,accordingtothescientists.(其他因素也会增加你与动物交流的机会——如果你也和动物一起工作，你更有可能具有动物同理心，而且这种能力似乎在20-29岁的人身上达到顶峰。)”可知，一个25岁的有爱心的动物饲养员可能最能理解动物的情绪。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Itisaconvincingtestwhichmeasuresempathytowardsotherpeople,”ElodieBrieferexplains.“Andwesawaclearconnectionwiththeabilitytointerpretanimalsounds.”(ElodieBriefer解释说：“这是一个令人信服的测试，可以衡量对他人的同理心。”“我们发现这与解释动物声音的能力有明显的联系。”)”可知，ElodieBriefer认为测试是可靠的。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第二段“AnewDanish-SwissstudypublishedintheopenjournalRoyalSocietyOpenScienceindicatesthatempathetic(能共情的)peoplearealsogoodatdecoding(解读)animalsounds.(发表在开放期刊《皇家学会开放科学》上的一项丹麦-瑞士联合研究表明，有同理心的人也擅长解码动物的声音)”可知，文章主要讲述的是有同理心的人也擅长解码动物的声音，A项：Humanempathyextendstoanimals(人类的同理心也延伸到了动物身上)合乎题意。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Theworldcontinuestostrugglewithextremeheatwaves,whicharebecomingevenmoreregularthankstoclimatechange.____16____Researchershavefoundthatbywearingappropriateclothes,itispossibletosaveconsiderableenergy,bothsavingmoneyandcuttinggreenhousegasemissions.Sowhatshouldyouwear?Whenitcomestocolour,mostpeoplewearwhiteinsummer,becausewhitereflectsthesun’srays,ratherthanabsorbthelight.____17____Whenthatheatfromourbodieshitsthewhiteclothing,itisreflectedbackatus.AstudyofwhyBedouins,wholiveindesertregionsintheArabianpeninsula,MiddleEastandNorthAfricawearblackrobes(袍服)inthedesert,foundthatheatexposurewasthesamewhethertheyworeblackorwhiterobes.Howisthatpossible?Blackcolouredfabricsabsorbheatcomingfromthebody,whichplaysaroleincoolingyourbodydown.____18____Theclothesheatupthespacebetweenthefabricandtheskin,promotinganupwardaircurrent-likeachimney-andprovidingcoolingrelief.____19____Intermsofmaterial,it’sbettertohavefabricsthatallowwatervapour(蒸气)topassthrough.Cottonabsorbsmoisturebutitdoesn’tdryquickly,soifyou’resweatingalotyourclotheswillstaywet.____20____Lineniswidelywornasithasexcellentbreathabilityduetoitslargefibres,butlikecottonitisslowtodry.Merinowoolhasbeenapopularchoiceforoutdoorenthusiastsasit’sbreathable.Therefore,itturnsoutthatpickinganoutfittostaycoolismorecomplexthansimplythrowingonawhiteT-shirt.Buttherightfabricandappropriatefitwork.A.Itmeanscottondoesnotdosogreatwiththis.B.Cottonisconsideredasthemostcomfortablematerial.C.Theclothingwewearisavitalcomponentinhowwestaycool.D.Sothefitoftheclothingisactuallymoreimportantthanthecolour.E.Soifyouareconsideringwhattowear,thenstickwithwhiteT-shirt.F.However,heatdoesn’tjustcomefromthesun—itcomesfromourbodiestoo.G.TheBedouin’ssecretiswearingloose-fittingblackclothing,especiallyifit’swindy.【答案】16.C17.F18.G19.D20.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了衣服的材质、合身度、颜色对穿着凉爽的影响。【16题详解】根据上文“Theworldcontinuestostrugglewithextremeheatwaves,whicharebecomingevenmoreregularthankstoclimatechange.(世界继续与极端热浪作斗争，由于气候变化，极端热浪变得更加频繁)”以及后文“Researchershavefoundthatbywearingappropriateclothes,itispossibletosaveconsiderableenergy,bothsavingmoneyandcuttinggreenhousegasemissions.Sowhatshouldyouwear?(研究人员发现，通过穿着合适的衣服，可以节省大量能源，既省钱又减少温室气体排放。那么你应该穿什么呢？)”可知，上文提到了极端热浪天气，后文则提到了合适的衣服，可知本句是在说明衣服和保持凉爽之间的关系。故C选项“我们穿的衣服是保持凉爽的重要因素”符合语境，故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“Whenitcomestocolour,mostpeoplewearwhiteinsummer,becausewhitereflectsthesun’srays,ratherthanabsorbthelight.(说到颜色，大多数人在夏天穿白色，因为白色会反射阳光，而不是吸收阳光)”以及后文“Whenthatheatfromourbodieshitsthewhiteclothing,itisreflectedbackatus.AstudyofwhyBedouins,wholiveindesertregionsintheArabianpeninsula,MiddleEastandNorthAfricawearblackrobes(袍服)inthedesert,foundthatheatexposurewasthesamewhethertheyworeblackorwhiterobes.(当我们身体的热量接触到白色衣服时，它会反射回我们身上。一项关于为什么居住在阿拉伯半岛、中东和北非沙漠地区的贝都因人在沙漠中穿黑袍的研究发现，无论他们穿黑袍还是白袍，接触的热量都是一样的)”可知，上文提到了白色反光，后文则提到了当我们身体的热量接触到白色衣服时，它会反射回我们身上，说明热量也来自于身体。故F选项“然而，热量不仅来自太阳，也来自我们的身体”符合语境，故选F。【18题详解】根据上文“Howisthatpossible?Blackcolouredfabricsabsorbheatcomingfromthebody,whichplaysaroleincoolingyourbodydown.(这怎么可能呢？黑色的布料会吸收来自身体的热量，起到降温的作用)”以及后文“Theclothesheatupthespacebetweenthefabricandtheskin,promotinganupwardaircurrent-likeachimney-andprovidingcoolingrelief.(这种衣服加热了织物和皮肤之间的空间，促进了向上的气流，就像烟囱一样，并提供了凉爽的缓解)”可知，本句主要是在说明穿某种衣服可以保持凉爽，G选项中loose-fittingblackclothing对应后文Theclothes。故G选项“贝都因人的秘密是穿着宽松的黑色衣服，尤其是在刮风的时候”符合语境，故选G。【19题详解】根据上文“Theclothesheatupthespacebetweenthefabricandtheskin,promotinganupwardaircurrent-likeachimney-andprovidingcoolingrelief.(这种衣服加热了织物和皮肤之间的空间，促进了向上的气流，就像烟囱一样，并提供了凉爽的缓解)”可知，上文提到了衣服和皮肤之间空间的大小会影响穿着的温度，即合身度的重要性。故D选项“所以衣服的合身度实际上比颜色更重要”符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Intermsofmaterial,it’sbettertohavefabricsthatallowwatervapour(蒸气)topassthroughCottonabsorbsmoisturebutitdoesn’tdryquickly,soifyou’resweatingalotyourclotheswillstaywet.(在面料方面，最好选择能让水蒸气通过的面料。棉质吸收水分，但不会很快干，所以如果你出汗很多，你的衣服就会保持潮湿)”可知，上文提到了棉质会吸收水分，你的衣服就会保持潮湿，说明棉花不利于透气和保持凉爽，故A选项“这意味着棉花在这方面做得不太好。”符合语境，故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。KATHYXU,ahighschoolteacher,hadalwayswantedtoseeasharkinthewild.The____21____finallycamein2011,whenshewentonasnorkelling(浮潜)triptotheNingalooReef.Insteadofbeing____22____ofthewhaleshark,shewasinspiredbyits____23____andgrace.XulaterlearnedaboutthesharktradeinthevillageofTanjungLuar.Curious,Xu____24____thevillage.Shespokewithseveralfishermen.Sharkfishingis____25____andinvolveshardphysicalwork,butit’soneoffewwaysto____26____theirfamilies.OncethefishermenheardXulikedsnorkelling.theyurgedhertovisitthecoralreefs(珊瑚礁)nearby.Thereefswere____27____,alivewithlifeandcolour.Xuwasconfidentthatsnorkellingboattripwasthe____28____—awaythefishermencouldmakealivingwithoutriskingcatchingsharks.Inlate2012,Xu____29____herfull-timeteachingjobtofocusonbuildingTheDorsalEffect,anecotourismbusinessshehopedwould____30____thedecliningsharkpopulation.Inlate2013,TheDorsalEffect____31____itsfirstboattrip.Snorkellerspaid$120foraone-daytripto____32____placesthelocalfishermenknowaboutbutcouldnotbefoundonaGooglesearch.It____33____amuchmorereliableincomeforthefishermen.Now,Xuisproudofthesmall____34____happeninginthevillage,fromthefishermenwhonowhaveanewwaytoearnanincometotheschoolchildrenwholearnaboutsharkson____35____.“Ilovethebeautifulsharksanddecidedtochangethenegativeopinionpeoplehaveofthem,”Xusays.21.A.idea B.opportunity C.experience D.hope22.A.fond B.ashamed C.scared D.careful23.A.beauty B.flexibility C.responsibility D.variety24.A.hidin B.fledto C.ranin D.headedto25.A.risky B.funny C.fancy D.worthy26.A.protect B.amuse C.support D.serve27.A.disappointing B.confusing C.amazing D.boring28.A.guidance B.result C.problem D.solution29.A.quit B.enjoyed C.continued D.found30.A.control B.ensure C.keep D.save31.A.realized B.launched C.delayed D.evaluated32.A.defend B.empty C.design D.explore33.A.provides B.prepares C.lowers D.limits34.A.events B.disasters C.joys D.changes35.A.business B.tour C.campus D.duty【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.D31.B32.D33.A34.D35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述一名高中教师KathyXu喜欢鲨鱼，后来，她了解到捕鲨的渔民是为了生计，她决定成立一家生态旅游企业去解决渔民的生计问题，从而保护鲨鱼的数量。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2011年，机会终于来了，那时候她去宁格鲁礁(NingalooReef)浮潜。A.idea主意；B.opportunity机会；C.experience经验；D.hope希望。根据前文“KATHYXU,ahighschoolteacher,hadalwayswantedtoseeasharkinthewild.”可知，她一直想看野外的鲨鱼，所以此处应是机会来了。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她没有害怕鲸鲨，而是被它的美丽和优雅所鼓舞。A.fond喜欢的；B.ashamed羞愧；C.scared害怕的；D.careful小心。根据后文“whaleshark”结合选项和常识可知，常人遇到鲸鲨是感到害怕的。故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她没有害怕鲸鲨，而是被它的美丽和优雅所鼓舞。A.beauty美丽；B.flexibility灵活性；C.responsibility责任；D.variety不同种类。根据后文“andgrace”可知，空处和grace并列，根据选项，应是“beauty美丽”符合语境。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：出于好奇，徐向村子走去。A.hidin藏起来；B.fledto逃到；C.ranin磨合；D.headedto前往。根据后文“Shespokewithseveralfishermen.”可知，她和几个渔民谈过，所以是前往村子。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：捕鲨是有风险的，需要做艰苦的体力劳动，但这是为数不多的养家糊口的方式之一。A.risky有风险的；B.funny有趣的；C.fancy昂贵的；D.worthy值得的。根据后文文“awaythefishermencouldmakealivingwithoutriskingcatchingsharks.”可知，捕鲨是有风险的。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：捕鲨是有风险的，需要做艰苦的体力劳动，但这是为数不多的养家糊口的方式之一。A.protect防护；B.amuse娱乐；C.support养活；支持；D.serve服务。根据后文“awaythefishermencouldmakealivingwithoutriskingcatchingsharks.”可知，渔民捕鲨是为了生计，所以是supporttheirfamilies意为“养家”符合语境。故选C项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：珊瑚礁是惊奇的，充满了生命和色彩。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.confusing令人困惑；C.amazing令人大为惊奇的；D.boring没趣的。根据后文“alivewithlifeandcolour.”可知，充满了生命和色彩，是令人大为惊奇的。故选C项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：徐相信浮潜船之旅是解决问题的办法，这是一种渔民可以在不冒着捕获鲨鱼的风险的情况下谋生的方式。A.guidance指导；B.result后果；C.problem问题；D.solution解决方案。根据后文“awaythefishermencouldmakealivingwithoutriskingcatchingsharks.”可知，是一种办法。故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2012年底，徐辞去了全职教师的工作，专注于建立生态旅游企业TheDorsalEffect，她希望借此挽救不断减少的鲨鱼数量。A.quit辞职；退出；B.enjoyed享受；C.continued持续；D.found找到。根据后文“tofocusonbuildingTheDorsalEffect,anecotourismbusiness”可知，她建立生态旅游企业，所以是辞去了全职教师的工作。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2012年底，徐辞去了全职教师的工作，专注于建立生态旅游企业TheDorsalEffect，她希望借此挽救不断减少的鲨鱼数量。A.control控制；B.ensure确保；C.keep保持；D.save挽救。根据前文“Inlate2012,Xu9herfull-timeteachingjobtofocusonbuildingT