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2023年黑龙江省佳木斯市东风区考研《英语一》考前冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theinhalation(吸入)ofasbestosparticlesisassociatedwithanumberoflungdiseases,suchasasbestosisand___50___cancer.Asbestosisiscausedbytheentryofasbestosparticlesintothewallofthealveoli,causingscarringwhichlimitsthefunctioningofthelungs.Thelung___51___itselasticityandmaychangeshape.Theinitialsymptomsofasbestosisareatightnessinthechestandbreathlessness.Inits___52___stages,sufferersdevelopthebarrel-shapedchestsassociatedwithemphysema,cyanosis,(wheretheskintakesabluish___53___)andclubfingers.Lungcancer,thegeneric___54___formalignanttumors(肿瘤)ofthealveoliandbronchialtubes,hasbeenshowntobedirectly___55___totheinhalationofasbestosparticles.Asinthecaseofasbestosis,thereisgenerallyaperiodofinactivenesswhichmay___56___from25to30yearsafterinitialexposure,despitethe___57___offurtherexposure.Researchsuggeststhatthereisadirectcorrelationbetweenthedegreeofexposuretoasbestos___58___theincidenceoflungcancer.Whereexposureoccurs,thelevelofriskisfurther___59___bycigarettesmoking.Asbestosworkerswhosmokecigaretteshavea90%greaterriskofcatchinglungcancerthanworkerswhodonot___60___.Exposuretoblueasbestoshasbeenshowntoproducemesothelioma,ararecanceroftheouterliningofthelungorpleura.Inanormalpopulationtheincidenceofmesotheliomaisextremely___61___.Whereepidemiologicalsurveyshaverevealedahigherincidenceofthedisease,itisalmostalwaysrelatedto___62___exposure.___63___changesinlungtissuecausedbyexposuretoasbestosarepleuralplaquesandeffusions.Theformerrefertoathickeningoftheliningofthechestwall,___64___thelatterconsistsofacollectionoffluidinthechestregionoutsidethelungs.Pleuralplaquescommonlyremainundiagnosedandgenerallyhavenodetrimentaleffectonhealth.1、A.skin B.blood C.liver D.lung2、A.loses B.gains C.improves D.tightens3、A.early B.formal C.later D.final4、A.size B.color C.sound D.smell5、A.noun B.term C.way D.approach6、A.related B.revealed C.compared D.exposed7、A.disappear B.spread C.live D.extend8、A.presence B.activeness C.absence D.intensity9、A.and B.alongside C.aswellas D.plus10、A.decreased B.lost C.doubled D.increased11、A.diet B.drink C.smoke D.fare12、A.high B.low C.common D.frequent13、A.lead B.asbestos C.carbon D.hydrogen14、A.Three B.Some C.No D.Other15、A.incase B.nowthat C.whereas D.unlessSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Highschoolandcollegeareperiodsofever-expandingresponsibilityforstudents.Youcangethelpfromsomepracticalapps.Checkouttheseappstogetahead-startonbeingontopofyourlife!SleepCyclealarmclock(free;iOS,Android)Gettingenoughsleepisessentialtogettingagoodeducation,butwakinguprestedisn’tjustabouthowmuchyousleep;it’saboutwhereyouareinyoursleepcyclewhenyouwakeup.SleepCycleusesyourphone’smicrophoneand/oraccelerometertoanalyzeyoursleepingpatternsandwakeyouupatthebesttime,whenyou’reinyourlightestsleepstate(withinawindowthatyouset,sothatyou’renotlate).myHomeworkStudentPlanner(free;iOS,Android,Windows)ThemyHomeworkStudentPlannerisavailableonwidevarietyofplatformssothatyoucanstayorganizedwhereveryouare.Youcankeeptrackofyourclassscheduleandhomework,getremindersforupcomingtests,andsyncitacrossallofyourplatforms.There’salsoapremiumversionfor$4.99thattakesawaytheads,givesyoumorethemes,letsyouaddfileattachments,andintegratesaccesstoexternalcalendars.Circleof6(free;iOS,Android)Circleof6isaninnovativesafetyappthatconnectsyoutosixofyourmosttrustedfriends(your“circle”)andhelpsyoukeeptrackofeachother.Ifyou’refeelingscaredaboutasituationyou’reinyoucansendaper-programmedtexttoyourcirclewithjusttwotaps,anditwillincludeyourexactlocation.Thiscouldalsobeusedbyyoungerstudentstodiscreetlylettheirparentsknowthatthey’reinanuncomfortablesituationandwanttobepickedup.Goodbudget(free;iOS,Android)Goodbudgetcandivideyourmoneyintovirtual“envelopes”forthingslikeGroceries,Transportation,Entertainment,Gas,andwhateverelseyouneedtobudgetfor.Thefreeversionincludes10regularenvelopesplussyncingacrosstwodevices.Oryoucanmovetoapremiumsubscription(溢价认购)($5/month,$45/year)formoreenvelopes,fivedevices,andafive-yeartransactionhistory.1、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.AllofthefourappscanbeusedfreeofchargeB.SleepCyclealarmclockcanmakeyousleepasmuchaspossibleC.myHomeworkStudentPlannercanbeusedoncomputersandcellphonesD.Goodbudgetcanhelpyouuseyourmoneywisely2、TheappGoodbudgewithapremiumsubscriptionforsixmonthscosts__________.A.$5 B.$22.5C.$30 D.$453、Whichmightbethemostusefulforaprimaryschoolstudentwhowalkstotheschoolaloneeveryday?A.SleepCyclealarmclock(free;iOS,Android)B.myHomeworkStudentPlanner(free;iOS,Android,Windows)C.Circleof6(free;iOS,Android)D.Goodbudget(free;iOS,Android)Text2TheDetroitSymphonyOrchestrawillbeperformingworksbyGeorgesBizetFridaymorning.Youmightenjoyclassicalmusicandliketoattendtheperformance,butlivefarawayfromAmerica’sMotorCity.OnSaturday.theGoGogroupCurtisJohnsonisperformingattheKennedyCenterinWashington.D.C.Ifyouliveoverseas.goingtothatshowisprobablyoutofthequestion.Butthereisasolution!Theseandotherconcertsareavailable“live”ontheInternet.Youcanheartheminrealtimewithanelectronicdevice.BothperformanceswillbeavailableontheWorldWideWeb.Theyarepartofagrowingnumberofconcertsbroadcastoncomputers,tabletsandsmartphones.Thesedigitalconcertsareknownaslive-streaming.TechnologyexpertMichaelAntonoffsaysbetterandlesscostlyequipmentismakingiteasierforperformersandtheaterstooffermusic“live”online.Thequalityofthesoundandvideopicturesareimprovingallthetime,hesays.Thoseonlineconcertsnowhaveasmanyas40,000viewerspershow.Peoplein100nationsarewatching.Itisahugepartofourincreasingglobalreach.Forinternationalperformers,KennedyCenterofficialsseeajumpinonlineviewershipfromthehomecountriesoftheperformer.ThereishometownpridewhenanartistisperforminginoneofAmerica’sbest-knownconcerts,saystheKennedyCenter’sGarthRoss.AtarecentKennedyCenterconcert,aperformersaidhewassohappythathisdisabledmotherbackinCaliforniacouldwatchhisperformance.Itisnotjustmusicbeingstreamedontheweb.OnDecember10,theproducerofmusical“DaddyLonglegs”puttheshowonthewebfreeofcharge.ItwasthefirstlivewebcastofaNewYorkmusical.Over150,000peoplefrom135nationswatched,producerKenDavenportsaid.Inotherwords,itwouldtakehismusical2.7yearsofsold-outperformancestodrawthatmanypeople.1、Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“outofthequestion”inParagraph2?A.Impossible.B.Easy.C.Exciting.D.Concerning.2、Whatresultsfromtheimprovementofequipment?A.Theequipmentisbecomingmoreexpensive.B.Fewpeoplelikewatchingperformancesatspot.C.Peoplecanwatchdigitalconcertsfreeofcharge.D.Moreandmorepeopleenjoytheperformancesonline.3、Howdotheinternationalartistsfeelabouttheirperformances?A.Proud.B.Anxious.C.Relaxed.D.Stressed.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ASolutiontoLiveConcertProblemsB.DetroitSymphonyOrchestraPerformanceC.AmericanConcertsAvailableWorldwideD.DevelopmentofMusicElectronicDeviceText3Whenweseeapersonintrouble,thefirstideathatcomestoourmindistolendahand.Butwhatifweseeananimalintrouble,doesthesameruleapply?Thisquestionwasraisedafteragroupofpenguinsweresavedfromanicygully(峡谷)inAntarctica.ItwasfilmedfortheBBCwildlifeseriesDynasties.Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope(斜坡)sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm.Viewerswatchingthisfilmletoutasighofrelief.“I’msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn’tbothering,right?”viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.However,othersthinkhumaninterference(干涉)isunnatural.“Youcan’thavesunshinethroughoutyourlife.Tohavedoneanythingelsewouldonlymakemattersworse,”saidtheshow’screatorDavidAttenborough,accordingtoTheTimes.Inthiscase,however,MikeGunton,theexecutiveproduceroftheseries,saidthatthiswasaone-offsituation.“Therewerenoanimalsgoingtosufferbyinterfering.Youweren’ttouchingtheanimalsanditwasjustfeltbydoingthis...theyhadthechancenottohavetokeepslippingdowntheslope,”hetoldtheBBC.SuchcasesarefamiliartoPaulNicklen,wildlifephotographerforNationalGeographic.HetoldMetro,“Ifit’severapredator(捕食者)situation,nomatterhowgut-wrenching,youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou’rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear.”“There’snorulebookinthosesituations.Youcanonlyrespondtothefactsthatarerightthereinfrontofyou,”WillLawson,theshow’sdirector,toldDailyMail.1、Whathasledtoaheatedmediadiscussion?A.People’svariousremarksonpenguins. B.Therescueofpenguinsfromagully.C.Somepenguins’sufferingsinagully. D.WaysoffilmingtheseriesDynasties.2、Whoholdsapositiveattitudetowardshumaninterference?A.KathrynShaw. B.WillLawson.C.PaulNieklen. D.DavidAttenborough.3、Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheword“gut-wrenching”underlinedinparagraph6?A.Puttingoneinplace. B.Makingoneconfused.C.Puttingoneindanger. D.Makingoneheartbroken.4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ReasonsfortheNecessityofLendingaHandtoAnimalsB.SuggestionsonHowtoProtectAnimalsFromDangerC.EffectsofHumanInterferenceonDangerousAnimalsD.OpinionsonWhethertoHelpAnimalsinTroubleorNotText4IfConfucius(孔子)werestillalivetodayandcouldcelebratehisSeptember28birthdaywithabigcake,therewouldbealotofcandles.He'dneedastrongwindtohelphimputthemout.WhilemanypeopleinChinawillrememberConfuciusonthisspecialday,fewpeopleintheUnitedStateswillgivehimapassingthought.It'snothingpersonal.MostAmericansdon'tevenrememberthebirthdaysoftheirownnationalheroes.Butthisdoesn'tmeanthatAmericansdon'tcareaboutConfucius.InmanywayshehasbecomeabridgethatforeignersmustcrossiftheywanttoreachadeeperunderstandingofChina.Inthepasttwodecades,theChinesestudiesprogramshavegainedhugepopularityinWesternuniversities.Morerecently,theChinesegovernmenthassetupConfuciusInstitutesinmorethan80countries.TheseschoolsteachbothChineselanguageandculture.ThemaincoursesofChinesecultureusuallyincludedChineseart,historyandphilosophy(哲学).SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacks(缺点)ofWesternersphilosophy.StudentsintheUnitedStates,atthesametime,areracingtolearnChinese.SotheywillbereadyforlifeinaworldwhereChinaisanequalpowerwiththeUnitedStates.BusinessmenwhohopetomakemoneyinChinaarereadingbooksaboutConfuciustounderstandtheirChinesecustomers.Sotheoldthinker'sideasarestillaliveandwell.TodayChinaattractstheWestmorethanever,anditwillneedmoreteacherstointroduceConfuciusandChineseculturetotheWest.Asfortheoldthinker,hewillnotsoonbeforgottenbypeopleintheWest,evenifhisbirthdayis.1、Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedto______.A.providesomekeyfactsaboutConfuciusB.attractthereaders'interestinthesubjectC.showgreatrespectfortheancientthinkerD.provethepopularityofmodernbirthdaycelebrations2、WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatAmericanstudents______.A.haveagreatinterestinstudyingChineseB.takeanactivepartinChinesecompetitionsC.trytogethighscoresinChineseexamsD.fightforachancetolearnChinese3、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ForgottenWisdominAmerica B.HugeFansoftheChineseLanguageC.ChineseCultureforWesterners D.OldThinkerwithaBigFuturePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)NotallmemoriesaresweetSomepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiencesNowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,1.willhelppeopleforgetbadmemoriesThepillis2.(design)tobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperienceTheyhopeitmightreduce,or3.(possible)erase(抹去)theeffectofpainfulmemoriesInNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFranceThedrugstopsthebodyfrom4.(release)chemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrainSofar,theresearch5.(suggest)thatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatmemoriesarewipedoutTheyarenotsuretothedegreepeople’smemoriesareaffectedTheresearchhascausedagreatdealof6.(argue)Somethinkitis7.badidea,whileotherssupportitSupporterssayitcouldleadtopillswhichpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwarTheysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosuffer8.terriblememories9.,thosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatmaybethepillscanchangepeople’smemoriesandchangingmemoriesisvery10.(danger)becausememoriesgiveusouridentityMyfeelingsaboutsciencehave1.(complete)changedMorethanonescienceteachersatmynewschool2.excellentand3.(friend)Thescience4.(facility)areverygoodwithlaboratoriesthathaveallthe5.(late)equipmentOurchemistryteachertakesustopublicsciencelecturesaboutfourtimes6.term,7.arealwaysinteresting,becausethelecturersarefamousattheirareaofscienceInthelast20years,sevenCanadianscientists8.(win)theNobelPrizeNow9.I’mbecomingmoreandmoreinterestedinisphysicsandIwanttostudyitatuniversityButmyparentsare10.(astonish),astheyalwaysthoughtIwouldbecomeanEnglishteacherSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)第二节根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(共5小题;A:HaveyoueverreadthebookWhoMovedMyCheese?B:1、A:Whatapity!It’sawonderfulbook,youknow.B:Well,I’vebeenwantingtoreaditforalongtime,butIcan’tgetone.2、A:3、Ifyoulike,I’lllendittoyou.B:4、Bytheway,whencanIgetit?A:5、Willyoupleasecometomyhouseafterschool?B:OK,I’llgoassoonasschoolisover.A.I’mafraidIhaven’t.
B.That’sverykindofyou.
C.Ihaven’thaditwithme.
D.Youreallyshouldreadit.
E.IforgotwhereIhadputit.
F.Well,Ihaveacopyofmyown.
G.Thelibraryhasonlythreeandtheyareallout.
Areyouworriedaboutyourskinandhair?Youtakecareofthemsomuch,butyoustillhaveagemarks,darkcirclesandhairfall.Haveyoueverthoughtthatitcanhappenbecauseofyourmentalhealth?1、Caringforyourmentalhe
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