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2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2011年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2012年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2013年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2014年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2015年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2016年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2017年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2018年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解
2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译
硕士英语考研真题及详解
PartⅠ.Vocabulary(30points)
Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreach
sentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONE
answerthatbestcompletesthesentence.
1.The_____isusedbyastrologerstohelpcalculatetheinfluenceofthe
planetsonpeople’slives.
A.zephyr
B.zodiac
C.zyme
D.zest
【答案】B
【解析】句意:天文学家通过占星术中的黄道十二宫来计算星球对
人类生活的影响。zodiac黄道十二宫(用于占星术)。zephyr和风,微
风。zyme酶。zest热情;热心。
2.It’sa_____timetable.Sometimeslessonshappen,sometimesthey
don’t.
A.haphazard
B.odious
C.haughty
D.handicapped
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个时间表有时有课,有时没有。haphazard随意
的;无计划的。odious可憎的;可恶的。haughty高傲的;自大的。
handicapped残障的;有生理缺陷的。根据“有时有课,有时没有”可知,
此时间表是无计划的,随意的。
3.Thepoorman’sclotheswereso_____thattheycouldn’tberepaired
anymore.
A.oozed
B.ragged
C.mopped
D.mocked
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个穷人的衣服如此破烂以至于不能再修补了。
ooze渗出;分泌出。ragged破烂的;衣衫褴褛的。mopped蓬乱的。mock
嘲弄;嘲笑。
4.Theactoramusedtheaudienceby_____somewell-knownpeople.
A.embroidering
B.rigging
C.yelping
D.mimicking
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个演员通过模仿一些名人来娱乐大众。mimic模
仿,学……的样子。embroider刺绣,绣花。rig给(船只桅杆)装配帆
及索具;垄断。yelp叫喊。
5.Nomenwasallowedto_____onthelivelihoodofhisneighbor.
A.wade
B.invoke
C.muffle
D.infringe
【答案】D
【解析】句意:不允许任何人侵犯邻居的生活。infringe侵犯;侵
害。wade涉水而行;艰难的进行。invoke引起;祈求。muffle裹住;使
声音低沉。
6.Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficientlythatpoliceweresure
itwasacaseof_____.
A.vagabond
B.sabotage
C.paradox
D.tachyon
【答案】B
【解析】句意:从机器毁坏的有效程度,警方确信这是一起蓄意破
坏的事件。sabotage破坏活动;妨害。vagabond流浪者;懒汉。paradox
自相矛盾的议论。tachyon速子(一种假设的快于光速的基本粒子)。
7.Theislandismaintainedasa_____forendangeredspecies.
A.wetlands
B.sanctuary
C.mire
D.heath
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个岛屿是濒危动物的避难所。sanctuary避难所。
wetland湿地。mire困境;泥沼。heath荒地。
8.Thehunterkeptthelion’sskinandheadas_____.
A.trophies
B.fillet
C.tulip
D.clown
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这位猎人把狮子的皮毛和头骨作为战利品。trophy战
利品;奖品。fillet里脊肉;束发带。tulip郁金香花。clown小丑。
9.Ifyou_____something,suchasfoodordrink,youreduceitsquality
ormakeitweaker,forexamplebyaddingwatertoit.
A.adulterate
B.moor
C.vaccinate
D.sue
【答案】A
【解析】句意:如果你往食物或饮品之类的东西里掺假,例如往里
面兑水,就会降低它们的质量。adulterate掺杂。moor停泊;固定。
vaccinate注射疫苗。sue控告;起诉。
10.Theorphanageisjustoneofher_____causes.
A.phonetic
B.philanthropic
C.prevalent
D.lunatic
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这座孤儿院只是她的慈善事业之一。philanthropic仁
慈的;慈善的。phonetic语音的。prevalent盛行的,流行的。lunatic精神
错乱的;疯狂的。
11.Manyanimalsdisplay_____instinctsonlywhiletheiroffspringare
youngandhelpless.
A.cerebral
B.imperious
C.rueful
D.maternal
【答案】D
【解析】句意:许多动物只有在它们的后代幼年和无助时才会体现
出母性的本能。maternal母性的。cerebral理智的;大脑的。imperious专
横的;紧急的。rueful悲伤的;可怜的。
12.Theguests,havingeatenuntiltheywere_____,nowlistened
inattentivelytothespeakers.
A.contradicted
B.satiated
C.griped
D.trespassed
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这些客人吃饱之后,现在正漫不经心地听讲话者说
话。satiate满足(食欲或欲望)。contradict同……矛盾,同……抵触。
gripe抓紧;激怒。trespass侵犯,打扰。
13.Whileshehadthefever,she_____forhours.
A.raved
B.sniggered
C.tittered
D.perforated
【答案】A
【解析】句意:她发烧期间,胡言乱语好几个小时。rave胡言乱
语;狂热赞扬。snigger窃笑;暗笑。titter偷笑。perforate穿孔。
14.Ifyouspillhotliquidonyourskinitwill_____you.
A.scale
B.scald
C.shun
D.shunt
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果你将沸水洒在了皮肤上,它会烫伤你。
scald(被沸水)烫伤。scale攀登;按比例排列。shun躲避;躲闪。shunt
把……转移到另一地方。
15.Themice_____whenthecatcame.
A.rambled
B.lingered
C.sauntered
D.scampered
【答案】D
【解析】句意:当老鼠遇到猫时,老鼠会惊慌奔跑。scamper奔跑,
奔逃。ramble闲逛;漫步。linger徘徊;停留。saunter闲逛;漫步。
16.Thechimneyisnolonger_____volumesofwastegasinto
atmosphere,asprotectivefiltersarebeingused.
A.givingaway
B.givingoff
C.givingin
D.givingup
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这个烟囱不再散发大量的废气到空气中了,因为使
用了环保的过滤器。giveoff散发出。giveaway泄露。givein让步;呈
交。giveup放弃。
17.Atthreeo’clock_____acoldmorning,hearrivedhere.
A.in
B.at
C.on
D.of
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在一个寒冷的早晨三点钟,他来到了这里。表示特
指的早上应用on。
18.I’msuredirty,_____?
A.amI
B.aren’tI
C.isn’tI
D.amnotI
【答案】B
【解析】当属于第一人称反义疑问句时,反问部分应该使用are。
19._____,thereisnoplacelikehome,whereveryougo.
A.Itmaybehumble
B.Ashumbleitmaybe
C.Humbleitmaybe
D.Humbleasitmaybe
【答案】D
【解析】句意:虽然家也许很简陋,但是无论你走到哪里都没有一
个地方像家一样。此句为as或though引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽
然”。其中用as来引导时可以将从句倒装,结构为“形容词/副词+as+主语
+谓语”。所以答案为D。
20.Butforhishelp,I_____.
A.didnotsucceed
B.hadnotsucceeded
C.shouldnothavesucceeded
D.havenotsucceeded
【答案】C
【解析】句意,要是没有他的帮助,我不会成功。shouldn’thave
donesth.本不应该却做了某事。shouldhavedonesth.意为本应该却没有
做某事。
21.Tryandcalmyourself,_____yourmindwillbeeasyagain.
A.and
B.or
C.when
D.before
【答案】A
【解析】句意:试着平静下来,然后你的心情也会再一次放松。此
处应选顺承连词,and除表示并列之外,也可表示顺承关系。or为转折
关系,when为时间连词,before为副词,三者均不适用。因此,答案应
为and,选A。
22.Thepriceoftherealestateinthisareamay_____tounexpected
values,soeveryoneshouldbeconsciousofthemaximumpricethathewould
wanttopayforaparticularproperty.
A.stagger
B.stink
C.soar
D.suspend
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这一地区的房地产价格可能会飙升到一个意料之外
的价值,所以每个人都要谨慎考虑他愿意为一处房产所支付的最高价
格。soar上升。stagger犹豫;蹒跚而行。stink发出恶臭。suspend暂停。
23.Contrarytopopularbelief,epidemicsdonotoccur_____aftera
naturaldisaster.
A.spontaneously
B.simultaneously
C.homogeneously
D.instantaneously
【答案】D
【解析】句意:与常规的观点相反,流行病并不在自然灾害后马上
出现。instantaneously即时地。spontaneously自发地;自然地。
simultaneously同时发生地。homogeneously同种地;同质地。
24.Immigrationfromcountriesandculturesthatare_____withthe
culturalcoreofthisnationhasbeengenerallyprohibited.
A.interior
B.invisible
C.incompatible
D.integral
【答案】C
【解析】句意:那些来自与这个国家和本国文化不相容的国家的移
民应该被禁止。incompatible不相适应的。interior内部的;内地的。
invisible无形的;看不见的。integral完整的;集成的。
25.Thiscourseisdesignedtohelpchildren_____suchreallife
situationsasseparationandloss.
A.copewith
B.settledown
C.intervenein
D.interferewith
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这门课是为了帮助那些孩子们处理真实生活可能出
现的问题,例如分离和失败。copewith解决,处理。settledown定居下
来;安静下来。intervenein介入;干涉。interferewith打扰;干涉。
26.Foreignlanguageteachersofthisuniversityarebusydesigningatest
ofspokenEnglishto_____theoriginalwrittenexamination.
A.contaminate
B.compliment
C.complement
D.coordinate
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这所大学的外文老师们正在忙着设计英语口语考试
来补充原有的笔试。complement补充;与……相配。contaminate污染。
compliment赞扬;夸奖。coordinate协调;调节。
27.Idlers,nomatterhowpoortheyare,arealways_____atfinding
reasonsnottotakeactiontoimprovetheirlivingconditions.
A.intrinsic
B.ingenious
C.initial
D.inherent
【答案】B
【解析】句意:流浪汉无论多么穷困都能够找到借口不去采取措施
改善他们的生活状况。ingenious足智多谋的。intrinsic内在的;本质的。
initial开始的;最初的。inherent天生的,遗传的。
28.Asthegraduationisdrawingnear,everystudentbeganto_____his
future.
A.compensate
B.contemplate
C.jeopardize
D.manifest
【答案】B
【解析】句意:临近毕业,每个学生都开始考虑未来。contemplate
思量,仔细思考。compensate补偿。jeopardize阻碍,妨碍。manifest表
现,展示。
29.Althoughtheresistancegroupsdonotshowgreatmilitary_____,
theyfrequentlypenetratedeepintotheinterior.
A.prowess
B.prowl
C.psalm
D.psyche
【答案】A
【解析】句意:虽然抵御部队没有表现出强大的军事力量,但是他
们好几次深入内陆。prowess英勇;非凡的能力。prowl搜寻;觅食。
psalm赞美诗。psyche灵魂;心理学。
30.TheGreat_____intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometers
wideatitsmaximum.
A.Canyon
B.Ford
C.Abyss
D.Quarry
【答案】A
【解析】句意:美国大峡谷有1900米深,最宽处有2500米宽。
Canyon峡谷。Ford渡口。Abyss深渊,深坑。Quarry采石场。
PartⅡ.ReadingComprehension(40points)
SectionA
Directions:Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowed
bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour
choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand
markthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethrough
thecentre.(30points)
PassageOne
Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
“Whenmoreandmorepeoplearethrownoutofwork,unemployment
results,”CalvinCoolidgeonceobserved.AstheU.S.economycrumbles,
Coolidge’ssillymaximmightappeartobeasaptasever:thenumberof
unemploymentinsuranceclaimsisrising,andoveralljoblessnessiscreeping
upward.Butintoday’svastandcomplexlabormarket,thingsaren’talways
whattheyseem.Moreandmorepeopleareindeedlosingtheirjobsbutnot
necessarilybecausetheeconomyappearstobeinrecession.Andold-
fashionedunemploymentisn’ttheinevitableresultofjobloss.Newwork,at
lesspay,oftenis.
Callitnew-waveunemployment:structuralchangesintheeconomyare
overlappingthebusinessdownturn,givingjoblessnessagrimnewtwist.
SmallwonderthattheU.S.unemploymentrateisrising.Nowat5.7percent,
itiswidelyexpectedtoedgetoward7percentbytheendofnextyear.But
statisticsalonecan’tfullycaptureacomplexreality.Theunemploymentrate
hasbeenhelddownbyslowgrowthinthelaborforce—thenumberofpeople
workingorlookingforwork—sincefewpeoplesenseattractivejob
opportunitiesinaweakeconomy.Inaddition,manymorepeoplearelosing
theirjobsthanareactuallyendingupunemployed.Facedwithhungry
mouthstofeed,thousandsofwomen,forexample,aretakingtwoormore
part-timepositionsoragreeingtoshavethehourstheyworkinservice-sector
jobs.Forbetterandforworse,workinAmericaclearlyisn’twhatitusedto
be.Nowunemploymentisn’t,either.
Likesouroldwineinnewbottles,thisdownturnblendsalittleoftheold
andthenewreflectingadecade’sworthofchangeinthedynamicU.S.
economy.Yet,inmanyrespectsthedeclineisfollowingtheclassicpattern,
withnewlayoffsconcentratedamongblue-collarworkersinthemost
“cyclical”industries,whoseupsanddownstracktheeconomymostclosely.
Asthedownturnattractsattentiononworkers’illfortunes,some
analystspredictthatpoliticalupheavalmaylieahead.Realwagesforthe
averageU.S.workerpeakedin1973andhavebeenfallingalmosteversince.
Asaresult,agrowinggroupofdownwardlymobileAmericanscouldsoon
beginpressingpolicymakerstohelpproducebetter-payingjobs.Justhow
loudtheoutcrybecomeswilldependpartlyonthecourseoftherecession.
Butinthelongrun,there’slittledoubtthatthebleakoutlookforjobsand
joblessnessis“politically,sociallyandpsychologicallydynamite”.
31.WhydoestheauthorrefertoCoolidge’smaximassilly?
A.Moreandmorepeopleareapplyingforunemploymentinsurance.
B.Unemploymentrateisnotlikelytorisequicklynowadays.
C.Losingjobsdoesn’tnecessarilyleadtounemployment.
D.Today’slabormarketismuchtoocomplicatedthanCoolidge’stime.
32.Accordingtothepassage,theunemploymentratehasbeenkept
underlimitsbecause_____.
A.thenumberofthepeopleintheworkforceslowlyincreases
B.veryfewpeoplereallylosetheiroriginaljobs
C.lessandlesspeopleareoutfindingnewjobs
D.thegovernmenthastakenstrongmeasurestocontrolthe
unemploymentrate
33.Accordingtothepassage,underthegreatpressureoflife,many
women_____.
A.willdoapart-timejobalongwiththefull-timejob
B.wouldratherstayathomethanapplyforapart-timeposition
C.wouldbefirediftheycannotfinishthejobquickly
D.willagreetohavetheirworkinghoursshortenedifrequired
34.Thepresentdownturnissimilartotraditionalonesinthat_____.
A.wecanneverpredictwhichwaytheeconomywillhead
B.theeconomicprospectshavebeenunfavorablefor10years
C.thegovernmenthasdonerelativelylittletointervenethemarket
D.physicallaborersarethechiefvictimsoftheeconomicdecline
35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A.Blue-collarworkersaregivenlessandlesswagesinrecentyears.
B.Theunemploymentproblemmayleadtoserioussocialproblems.
C.Theunemploymentproblemwillprobablybecomelessseriousinno
time.
D.Thegovernmentwillcreatemorejobswithbetterpayinthenear
future.
【答案与解析】
31.D由文章第一段第三句“Butintoday’svast...whattheyseem.”可
知,在当今社会造成失业人口增加的原因是复杂的。由此段最后一句话
可知,旧形式的失业已经不再是没有工作的原因,而是新的工作工资太
少而造成的。Coolidge的理论是越来越多的人下岗是由于失业导致的。
这种理论已经不再适用于当今社会,因此是可笑的。D选项正是此意。
A,B,C选项无关。
32.A由文章第二段第五句“Theunemploymentrate...aweak
economy.”可知失业率保持在一个较低的水平是由于人力资源的缓慢增
加而导致的。工作的人数的增加少,相对失业的人也较少。A选项正是
此意。B,C,D选项无关。
33.A由文章第二段倒数第二句“...thousandsofwomen...workin
service-sectorjobs”可知现在的女性会做两份或两份以上的兼职来生存下
去。所以,在正常工作之余她们还要去做更多的工作。A选项正是此
意。B,C,D选项无关。
34.D由文章第三段最后一句话“Yet,inmanyrespects...trackthe
economymostclosely”可知新形式的失业在某些方面也同旧形式的失业
类似,新产生的下岗工人多数都是蓝领工人,因为这些行业与经济运行
的好坏最相关。D选项正是此意。A,B,C选项无关。
35.B由本文最后一段最后一句话“Butinthelong
run...psychologicallydynamite”可知从长期来看,这种失业现象必然会导
致政治上,经济上和心理上的危险。因此可推测失业问题最终会导致严
重的社会问题。B选项正是此意。A,C,D选项无关。
PassageTwo
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
HormonesintheBody
Uptothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,thenervoussystemwas
thoughttocontrolallcommunicationwithinthebodyandtheresulting
integrationofbehavior.Scientistshaddeterminedthatnervesran,essentially,
onelectricalimpulses.Theseimpulseswerethoughttobetheenginefor
thought,emotion,movement,andinternalprocessessuchasdigestion.
However,experimentsbyWilliamBaylissandErnestStarlingonthe
chemicalsecretin,whichisproducedinthesmallintestinewhenfoodenters
thestomach,eventuallychallengedthatview.Fromthesmallintestine,
secretintravelsthroughthebloodstreamtothepancreas.There,itstimulates
thereleaseofdigestivechemicals.Inthisfashion,theintestinalcellsthat
producesecretinultimatelyregulatetheproductionofdifferentchemicalsina
differentorgan,thepancreas.
Suchacoordinationofprocesseshadbeenthoughttorequirecontrolby
thenervoussystem;BaylissandStarlingshowedthatitcouldoccurthrough
chemicalsalone.Thisdiscoveryspurredstartingtocointhetermhormoneto
refertosecretin,takingitfromtheGreekwordhormone,meaning“toexcite”
or“tosetinmotion.”Ahormoneisachemicalproducedbyonetissueto
makethingshappenelsewhere.
Asmorehormoneswerediscovered,theywerecategorized,primarily
accordingtotheprocessbywhichtheyoperatedonthebody.Someglands
(whichmakeuptheendocrinesystem)secretehormonesdirectlyintothe
bloodstream.Suchglandsincludethethyroidandthepituitary.Theexocrine
systemconsistsoforgansandglandsthatproducesubstancesthatareused
outsidethebloodstream,primarilyfordigestion.Thepancreasisonesuch
organ,althoughitsecretessomechemicalsintothebloodandthusisalsopart
oftheendocrinesystem.
Muchhasbeenlearnedabouthormonessincetheirdiscovery.Someplay
suchkeyrolesinregulatingbodilyprocessesorbehaviorthattheirabsence
wouldcauseimmediatedeath.Themostabundanthormoneshaveeffectsthat
arelessobviouslyurgentbutcanbemorefar-reachinganddifficulttotrack:
Theymodifymoodsandaffecthumanbehavior,evensomebehaviorwe
normallythinkofasvoluntary.Hormonalsystemsareveryintricate.Even
minuteamountsoftherightchemicalscansuppressappetite,calm
aggression,andchangetheattitudeofaparenttowardachild.Certain
hormonesacceleratethedevelopmentofthebody,regulatinggrowthand
form;othersmayevendefineanindividual’spersonalitycharacteristics.The
quantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducechangewithage,so
scientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrinesystem
overtimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.
Infact,somehormonetherapiesarealreadyverycommon.A
combinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfordecadesto
womenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbody
temperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthose
hormonesastheyentermiddleage.Knownashormonereplacementtherapy
(HRT),thetreatmentwasalsobelievedtopreventweakeningofthebones.
AtleastonestudyhaslinkedHRTwithaheightenedriskofheartdiseaseand
certaintypesofcancer.HRTmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots
—dangerousbecausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblock
majorbloodvessels—willform.SomeproponentsofHRThavetempered
theirenthusiasminthefaceofthisnewevidence,recommendingitonlyto
patientswhosesymptomsinterferewiththeirabilitiestolivenormallives.
Humangrowthhormonemayalsobegiventopatientswhoaresecreting
abnormallylowamountsontheirown.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffects
growthhormonehasonthebody,suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedto
childrenwhowouldbepathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.Growth
hormoneaffectsnotjustphysicalsizebutalsothedigestionoffoodandthe
agingprocess.Researchersandfamilyphysicianstendtoagreethatitis
foolhardytodispenseitincasesinwhichtherisksarenotclearlyoutweighed
bythebenefits.
36.Tobeconsideredahormone,achemicalproducedinthebodymust
_____.
A.bepartofthedigestiveprocess
B.influencetheoperationsofthenervoussystem
C.affectprocessesinadifferentpartofthebody
D.regulateattitudesandbehavior
37.Theglandsandorgansmentionedinparagraph3arecategorized
accordingto_____.
A.whetherscientistsunderstandtheirfunction
B.howfrequentlytheyreleasehormonesintothebody
C.whetherthehormonestheysecreteinfluencetheagingprocess
D.whethertheysecretechemicalsintotheblood
38.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessential
informationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?
A.Mostmoodsandactionsarenotvoluntarybecausetheyareactually
producedbytheproductionofhormonesinthebody.
B.Becausetheeffectsofhormonesaredifficulttomeasure,scientists
remainunsurehowfar-reachingtheireffectsonmoodsandactionsare.
C.Whenthebodyisnotproducingenoughhormones,urgenttreatment
maybenecessarytoavoidpsychologicaldamage.
D.Theinfluenceofmanyhormonesisnoteasytomeasure,buttheycan
affectbothpeople’spsychologyandactionsextensively.
39.Whichpatientsareusuallytreatedwithgrowthhormone?
A.Adultsofsmallerstatuethannormal.
B.Adultswithstrongdigestivesystems.
C.Childrenwhoarenotatriskfromthetreatment.
D.Childrenwhomayremainabnormallysmall.
40.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexplainstheprimarygoalof
hormonereplacementtherapy?
A.Thequantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducechangewith
age,soscientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrine
systemovertimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.
B.Acombinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfor
decadestowomenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbody
temperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthose
hormonesastheyentermiddleage.
C.HRTmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots—dangerous
becausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblockmajorblood
vessels—willform.
D.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffectsgrowthhormonehasonthebody,
suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedtochildrenwhowouldbe
pathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.
【答案与解析】
36.C由文章第二段最后一句话“Ahormone...thingshappen
elsewhere.”可知荷尔蒙是由一处组织产生而作用于另一处组织的化学组
织。因此,C选项正是此意,它会对身体的另一个部分产生影响。A,
B,D选项文中均未提及。
37.D此题可用排除法。答案应定位在第三段。A选项中提到
的“scientists”“function”在第三段中都从未出现过,所以为无关选项,排
除。B选项中提到“frequently”,而分泌荷尔蒙的频率在此段中也未提
到,排除。C选项中的“agingprocess”在此段中也没有出现,排除。因
此,此题应选D选项。
38.D原文高亮处的意思是“最普遍的荷尔蒙的影响力是不显著的,
但是却很深远而且难以追踪:他们可以改变情绪,影响人类的行为,甚
至会影响通常看来是自发的那些行为”。A选项将句意的重点放在了情绪
和行为上,但文中的句子的重点则是荷尔蒙及其作用,因此A选项错
误。B选项中提到的科学家现在还不肯定荷尔蒙的影响的深远程度属于
无关信息。C选项中的“urgenttreatment”属于无关信息。D选项的意思
是“荷尔蒙的影响难以衡量,但是它们可以影响人类的心理和行动”,正
确。
39.D由文章最后一段第二句“Becauseof...staturewithoutit”可知成
长荷尔蒙疗法必须限制在幼小的儿童身上。D选项正是此意。A,B,C
选项均为无关选项。
40.AA选项为文章第四段最后一句话,它清楚地表明了科学家研
究荷尔蒙是为了减轻由于衰老带来的各种疾病。B,C,D选项均未说明
科学家研究荷尔蒙重置疗法的目的,为无关选项。
PassageThree
Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstances
thatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughly
investigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocial
conditionsthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,have
analyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasand
activitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsof
feminismintheUnitedStateshavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhen
historiansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurring
withintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthena
trulyinternationalmovementactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeminist
activistswhohavebeendescribedas“solitary”and“individualtheorists”
wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement—utopiansocialism—whichwas
alreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthat
cachinnatedinthefirstwomen’srightsconferenceheldatSenecaFalls,New
York,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsand
developmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequires
thatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthe
detailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludethe
ideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism.
TheearliestandmostpopularoftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaint-
Simonians.ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaint-Simonianismhas,
however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroup’scontributiontoearlysocialism.
Thisisregrettableontwoaccounts.By1832feminismwasthecentral
concernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents’energy;
hence,byignoringitsfeminism,Europeanhistorianshavemisunderstood
Saint-Simonianism.Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedto
Saint-Simonianism,Europeanhistorians’appreciationoflaterfeminismin
FranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.
Saint-Simon’sfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomen,basedtheir
feminismonaninterpretationofhisprojecttoreorganizetheglobeby
replacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowers.Thenewworldorder
wouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection,andafemale,to
representsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whilethe
Saint-Simoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferences
betweenmenandwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportant
socialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirUtopia.
OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequality
basedongenderdistinction.Thisminoritybelievedthatindividualsofboth
sexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyascribedmale-
femaledifferencestosocializationandeducation.Theenvisionedresultof
bothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifein
thenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomen
withanimprovedwayoflife.
41.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthosehistorianswho
describeearlyfeministsintheUnratedStatesas“solitary”tobe_____.
A.insufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-
centuryAmericanfeministthought
B.overlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasinthe
periodbefore1848
C.notfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeo-graphicalscope
D.insufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSeneca
Fallsconference
42.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofthe
SenecaFallsconferenceonwomen’srights?
A.Itwasprimarilyaproductofnineteenth-centurySaint-Simonian
feministthought.
B.ItwastheworkofAmericanactivistswhowereindependentof
feministsabroad.
C.ItwastheculminatingachievementoftheUtopiansocialist
movement.
D.Itwasamanifestationofaninternationalmovementforsocialchange
andfeminism
43.Theauthor’sattitudetowardmostEuropeanhistorianswhohave
studiedtheSaint-Simoniansisprimarilyoneof_____.
A.approvalofthespecificfocusoftheirresearch
B.disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontotheissuethatabsorbedmost
oftheSaint-Simonians’energyafter1832
C.approvaloftheirgeneralfocusonsocialconditions
D.disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontolinksbetweentheSaint-
SimoniansandtheirAmericancounterparts
44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthatstudy
ofSaint-SimonianismisnecessaryforhistoriansofAmericanfeminism
becausesuchstudy_____.
A.wouldclarifytheideologicaloriginsofthosefeministideasthat
influencedAmericanfeminism
B.wouldincreaseunderstandingofamovementthatdeeplyinfluenced
theUtopiansocialismofearlyAmericanfeminists
C.wouldfocusattentiononthemostimportantaspectofSaint-Simonian
thoughtbefore1832
D.promisestoofferinsightintoamovementthatwasadirectoutgrowth
oftheSenecaFallsconferenceof1848
45.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldbethemost
accuratedescriptionofthesocietyenvisionedbymostSaint-Simonians?
A.Asocietyinwhichwomenwerehighlyregardedfortheirextensive
education.
B.Asocietyinwhichthetwogendersplayedcomplementaryrolesand
hadequalstatus.
C.Asocietyinwhichwomendidnotenterpubliclife.
D.Asocialorderinwhichabodyofmenandwomenwouldrule
togetheronthebasisoftheirspiritualpower.
【答案与解析】
41.A由文章第一段第三句“...theyfailedto...developmentof
feminism.”可知美国的女权运动事实上并不是独立的,而是与当时欧洲
的意识形态相关联的。因此,A选项中说这些历史学家对美国
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