北京航空航天大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2011年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2012年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2013年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2014年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2015年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2016年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2017年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2018年北京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

2010年北京航空航天大学211翻译

硕士英语考研真题及详解

PartⅠ.Vocabulary(30points)

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreach

sentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONE

answerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

1.The_____isusedbyastrologerstohelpcalculatetheinfluenceofthe

planetsonpeople’slives.

A.zephyr

B.zodiac

C.zyme

D.zest

【答案】B

【解析】句意：天文学家通过占星术中的黄道十二宫来计算星球对

人类生活的影响。zodiac黄道十二宫（用于占星术）。zephyr和风，微

风。zyme酶。zest热情；热心。

2.It’sa_____timetable.Sometimeslessonshappen,sometimesthey

don’t.

A.haphazard

B.odious

C.haughty

D.handicapped

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这个时间表有时有课，有时没有。haphazard随意

的；无计划的。odious可憎的；可恶的。haughty高傲的；自大的。

handicapped残障的；有生理缺陷的。根据“有时有课，有时没有”可知，

此时间表是无计划的，随意的。

3.Thepoorman’sclotheswereso_____thattheycouldn’tberepaired

anymore.

A.oozed

B.ragged

C.mopped

D.mocked

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这个穷人的衣服如此破烂以至于不能再修补了。

ooze渗出；分泌出。ragged破烂的；衣衫褴褛的。mopped蓬乱的。mock

嘲弄；嘲笑。

4.Theactoramusedtheaudienceby_____somewell-knownpeople.

A.embroidering

B.rigging

C.yelping

D.mimicking

【答案】D

【解析】句意：这个演员通过模仿一些名人来娱乐大众。mimic模

仿，学……的样子。embroider刺绣，绣花。rig给（船只桅杆）装配帆

及索具；垄断。yelp叫喊。

5.Nomenwasallowedto_____onthelivelihoodofhisneighbor.

A.wade

B.invoke

C.muffle

D.infringe

【答案】D

【解析】句意：不允许任何人侵犯邻居的生活。infringe侵犯；侵

害。wade涉水而行；艰难的进行。invoke引起；祈求。muffle裹住；使

声音低沉。

6.Themachineryhadbeenwreckedsoefficientlythatpoliceweresure

itwasacaseof_____.

A.vagabond

B.sabotage

C.paradox

D.tachyon

【答案】B

【解析】句意：从机器毁坏的有效程度，警方确信这是一起蓄意破

坏的事件。sabotage破坏活动；妨害。vagabond流浪者；懒汉。paradox

自相矛盾的议论。tachyon速子（一种假设的快于光速的基本粒子）。

7.Theislandismaintainedasa_____forendangeredspecies.

A.wetlands

B.sanctuary

C.mire

D.heath

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这个岛屿是濒危动物的避难所。sanctuary避难所。

wetland湿地。mire困境；泥沼。heath荒地。

8.Thehunterkeptthelion’sskinandheadas_____.

A.trophies

B.fillet

C.tulip

D.clown

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这位猎人把狮子的皮毛和头骨作为战利品。trophy战

利品；奖品。fillet里脊肉；束发带。tulip郁金香花。clown小丑。

9.Ifyou_____something,suchasfoodordrink,youreduceitsquality

ormakeitweaker,forexamplebyaddingwatertoit.

A.adulterate

B.moor

C.vaccinate

D.sue

【答案】A

【解析】句意：如果你往食物或饮品之类的东西里掺假，例如往里

面兑水，就会降低它们的质量。adulterate掺杂。moor停泊；固定。

vaccinate注射疫苗。sue控告；起诉。

10.Theorphanageisjustoneofher_____causes.

A.phonetic

B.philanthropic

C.prevalent

D.lunatic

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这座孤儿院只是她的慈善事业之一。philanthropic仁

慈的；慈善的。phonetic语音的。prevalent盛行的，流行的。lunatic精神

错乱的；疯狂的。

11.Manyanimalsdisplay_____instinctsonlywhiletheiroffspringare

youngandhelpless.

A.cerebral

B.imperious

C.rueful

D.maternal

【答案】D

【解析】句意：许多动物只有在它们的后代幼年和无助时才会体现

出母性的本能。maternal母性的。cerebral理智的；大脑的。imperious专

横的；紧急的。rueful悲伤的；可怜的。

12.Theguests,havingeatenuntiltheywere_____,nowlistened

inattentivelytothespeakers.

A.contradicted

B.satiated

C.griped

D.trespassed

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这些客人吃饱之后，现在正漫不经心地听讲话者说

话。satiate满足（食欲或欲望）。contradict同……矛盾，同……抵触。

gripe抓紧；激怒。trespass侵犯，打扰。

13.Whileshehadthefever,she_____forhours.

A.raved

B.sniggered

C.tittered

D.perforated

【答案】A

【解析】句意：她发烧期间，胡言乱语好几个小时。rave胡言乱

语；狂热赞扬。snigger窃笑；暗笑。titter偷笑。perforate穿孔。

14.Ifyouspillhotliquidonyourskinitwill_____you.

A.scale

B.scald

C.shun

D.shunt

【答案】B

【解析】句意：如果你将沸水洒在了皮肤上，它会烫伤你。

scald（被沸水）烫伤。scale攀登；按比例排列。shun躲避；躲闪。shunt

把……转移到另一地方。

15.Themice_____whenthecatcame.

A.rambled

B.lingered

C.sauntered

D.scampered

【答案】D

【解析】句意：当老鼠遇到猫时，老鼠会惊慌奔跑。scamper奔跑，

奔逃。ramble闲逛；漫步。linger徘徊；停留。saunter闲逛；漫步。

16.Thechimneyisnolonger_____volumesofwastegasinto

atmosphere,asprotectivefiltersarebeingused.

A.givingaway

B.givingoff

C.givingin

D.givingup

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这个烟囱不再散发大量的废气到空气中了，因为使

用了环保的过滤器。giveoff散发出。giveaway泄露。givein让步；呈

交。giveup放弃。

17.Atthreeo’clock_____acoldmorning,hearrivedhere.

A.in

B.at

C.on

D.of

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在一个寒冷的早晨三点钟，他来到了这里。表示特

指的早上应用on。

18.I’msuredirty,_____?

A.amI

B.aren’tI

C.isn’tI

D.amnotI

【答案】B

【解析】当属于第一人称反义疑问句时，反问部分应该使用are。

19._____,thereisnoplacelikehome,whereveryougo.

A.Itmaybehumble

B.Ashumbleitmaybe

C.Humbleitmaybe

D.Humbleasitmaybe

【答案】D

【解析】句意：虽然家也许很简陋，但是无论你走到哪里都没有一

个地方像家一样。此句为as或though引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽

然”。其中用as来引导时可以将从句倒装，结构为“形容词/副词+as+主语

+谓语”。所以答案为D。

20.Butforhishelp,I_____.

A.didnotsucceed

B.hadnotsucceeded

C.shouldnothavesucceeded

D.havenotsucceeded

【答案】C

【解析】句意，要是没有他的帮助，我不会成功。shouldn’thave

donesth.本不应该却做了某事。shouldhavedonesth.意为本应该却没有

做某事。

21.Tryandcalmyourself,_____yourmindwillbeeasyagain.

A.and

B.or

C.when

D.before

【答案】A

【解析】句意：试着平静下来，然后你的心情也会再一次放松。此

处应选顺承连词，and除表示并列之外，也可表示顺承关系。or为转折

关系，when为时间连词，before为副词，三者均不适用。因此，答案应

为and，选A。

22.Thepriceoftherealestateinthisareamay_____tounexpected

values,soeveryoneshouldbeconsciousofthemaximumpricethathewould

wanttopayforaparticularproperty.

A.stagger

B.stink

C.soar

D.suspend

【答案】C

【解析】句意：这一地区的房地产价格可能会飙升到一个意料之外

的价值，所以每个人都要谨慎考虑他愿意为一处房产所支付的最高价

格。soar上升。stagger犹豫；蹒跚而行。stink发出恶臭。suspend暂停。

23.Contrarytopopularbelief,epidemicsdonotoccur_____aftera

naturaldisaster.

A.spontaneously

B.simultaneously

C.homogeneously

D.instantaneously

【答案】D

【解析】句意：与常规的观点相反，流行病并不在自然灾害后马上

出现。instantaneously即时地。spontaneously自发地；自然地。

simultaneously同时发生地。homogeneously同种地；同质地。

24.Immigrationfromcountriesandculturesthatare_____withthe

culturalcoreofthisnationhasbeengenerallyprohibited.

A.interior

B.invisible

C.incompatible

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】句意：那些来自与这个国家和本国文化不相容的国家的移

民应该被禁止。incompatible不相适应的。interior内部的；内地的。

invisible无形的；看不见的。integral完整的；集成的。

25.Thiscourseisdesignedtohelpchildren_____suchreallife

situationsasseparationandloss.

A.copewith

B.settledown

C.intervenein

D.interferewith

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这门课是为了帮助那些孩子们处理真实生活可能出

现的问题，例如分离和失败。copewith解决，处理。settledown定居下

来；安静下来。intervenein介入；干涉。interferewith打扰；干涉。

26.Foreignlanguageteachersofthisuniversityarebusydesigningatest

ofspokenEnglishto_____theoriginalwrittenexamination.

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.complement

D.coordinate

【答案】C

【解析】句意：这所大学的外文老师们正在忙着设计英语口语考试

来补充原有的笔试。complement补充；与……相配。contaminate污染。

compliment赞扬；夸奖。coordinate协调；调节。

27.Idlers,nomatterhowpoortheyare,arealways_____atfinding

reasonsnottotakeactiontoimprovetheirlivingconditions.

A.intrinsic

B.ingenious

C.initial

D.inherent

【答案】B

【解析】句意：流浪汉无论多么穷困都能够找到借口不去采取措施

改善他们的生活状况。ingenious足智多谋的。intrinsic内在的；本质的。

initial开始的；最初的。inherent天生的，遗传的。

28.Asthegraduationisdrawingnear,everystudentbeganto_____his

future.

A.compensate

B.contemplate

C.jeopardize

D.manifest

【答案】B

【解析】句意：临近毕业，每个学生都开始考虑未来。contemplate

思量，仔细思考。compensate补偿。jeopardize阻碍，妨碍。manifest表

现，展示。

29.Althoughtheresistancegroupsdonotshowgreatmilitary_____,

theyfrequentlypenetratedeepintotheinterior.

A.prowess

B.prowl

C.psalm

D.psyche

【答案】A

【解析】句意：虽然抵御部队没有表现出强大的军事力量，但是他

们好几次深入内陆。prowess英勇；非凡的能力。prowl搜寻；觅食。

psalm赞美诗。psyche灵魂；心理学。

30.TheGreat_____intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometers

wideatitsmaximum.

A.Canyon

B.Ford

C.Abyss

D.Quarry

【答案】A

【解析】句意：美国大峡谷有1900米深，最宽处有2500米宽。

Canyon峡谷。Ford渡口。Abyss深渊，深坑。Quarry采石场。

PartⅡ.ReadingComprehension(40points)

SectionA

Directions:Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowed

bysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand

markthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethrough

thecentre.(30points)

PassageOne

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

“Whenmoreandmorepeoplearethrownoutofwork,unemployment

results,”CalvinCoolidgeonceobserved.AstheU.S.economycrumbles,

Coolidge’ssillymaximmightappeartobeasaptasever:thenumberof

unemploymentinsuranceclaimsisrising,andoveralljoblessnessiscreeping

upward.Butintoday’svastandcomplexlabormarket,thingsaren’talways

whattheyseem.Moreandmorepeopleareindeedlosingtheirjobsbutnot

necessarilybecausetheeconomyappearstobeinrecession.Andold-

fashionedunemploymentisn’ttheinevitableresultofjobloss.Newwork,at

lesspay,oftenis.

Callitnew-waveunemployment:structuralchangesintheeconomyare

overlappingthebusinessdownturn,givingjoblessnessagrimnewtwist.

SmallwonderthattheU.S.unemploymentrateisrising.Nowat5.7percent,

itiswidelyexpectedtoedgetoward7percentbytheendofnextyear.But

statisticsalonecan’tfullycaptureacomplexreality.Theunemploymentrate

hasbeenhelddownbyslowgrowthinthelaborforce—thenumberofpeople

workingorlookingforwork—sincefewpeoplesenseattractivejob

opportunitiesinaweakeconomy.Inaddition,manymorepeoplearelosing

theirjobsthanareactuallyendingupunemployed.Facedwithhungry

mouthstofeed,thousandsofwomen,forexample,aretakingtwoormore

part-timepositionsoragreeingtoshavethehourstheyworkinservice-sector

jobs.Forbetterandforworse,workinAmericaclearlyisn’twhatitusedto

be.Nowunemploymentisn’t,either.

Likesouroldwineinnewbottles,thisdownturnblendsalittleoftheold

andthenewreflectingadecade’sworthofchangeinthedynamicU.S.

economy.Yet,inmanyrespectsthedeclineisfollowingtheclassicpattern,

withnewlayoffsconcentratedamongblue-collarworkersinthemost

“cyclical”industries,whoseupsanddownstracktheeconomymostclosely.

Asthedownturnattractsattentiononworkers’illfortunes,some

analystspredictthatpoliticalupheavalmaylieahead.Realwagesforthe

averageU.S.workerpeakedin1973andhavebeenfallingalmosteversince.

Asaresult,agrowinggroupofdownwardlymobileAmericanscouldsoon

beginpressingpolicymakerstohelpproducebetter-payingjobs.Justhow

loudtheoutcrybecomeswilldependpartlyonthecourseoftherecession.

Butinthelongrun,there’slittledoubtthatthebleakoutlookforjobsand

joblessnessis“politically,sociallyandpsychologicallydynamite”.

31.WhydoestheauthorrefertoCoolidge’smaximassilly?

A.Moreandmorepeopleareapplyingforunemploymentinsurance.

B.Unemploymentrateisnotlikelytorisequicklynowadays.

C.Losingjobsdoesn’tnecessarilyleadtounemployment.

D.Today’slabormarketismuchtoocomplicatedthanCoolidge’stime.

32.Accordingtothepassage,theunemploymentratehasbeenkept

underlimitsbecause_____.

A.thenumberofthepeopleintheworkforceslowlyincreases

B.veryfewpeoplereallylosetheiroriginaljobs

C.lessandlesspeopleareoutfindingnewjobs

D.thegovernmenthastakenstrongmeasurestocontrolthe

unemploymentrate

33.Accordingtothepassage,underthegreatpressureoflife,many

women_____.

A.willdoapart-timejobalongwiththefull-timejob

B.wouldratherstayathomethanapplyforapart-timeposition

C.wouldbefirediftheycannotfinishthejobquickly

D.willagreetohavetheirworkinghoursshortenedifrequired

34.Thepresentdownturnissimilartotraditionalonesinthat_____.

A.wecanneverpredictwhichwaytheeconomywillhead

B.theeconomicprospectshavebeenunfavorablefor10years

C.thegovernmenthasdonerelativelylittletointervenethemarket

D.physicallaborersarethechiefvictimsoftheeconomicdecline

35.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Blue-collarworkersaregivenlessandlesswagesinrecentyears.

B.Theunemploymentproblemmayleadtoserioussocialproblems.

C.Theunemploymentproblemwillprobablybecomelessseriousinno

time.

D.Thegovernmentwillcreatemorejobswithbetterpayinthenear

future.

【答案与解析】

31.D由文章第一段第三句“Butintoday’svast...whattheyseem.”可

知，在当今社会造成失业人口增加的原因是复杂的。由此段最后一句话

可知，旧形式的失业已经不再是没有工作的原因，而是新的工作工资太

少而造成的。Coolidge的理论是越来越多的人下岗是由于失业导致的。

这种理论已经不再适用于当今社会，因此是可笑的。D选项正是此意。

A，B，C选项无关。

32.A由文章第二段第五句“Theunemploymentrate...aweak

economy.”可知失业率保持在一个较低的水平是由于人力资源的缓慢增

加而导致的。工作的人数的增加少，相对失业的人也较少。A选项正是

此意。B，C，D选项无关。

33.A由文章第二段倒数第二句“...thousandsofwomen...workin

service-sectorjobs”可知现在的女性会做两份或两份以上的兼职来生存下

去。所以，在正常工作之余她们还要去做更多的工作。A选项正是此

意。B，C，D选项无关。

34.D由文章第三段最后一句话“Yet,inmanyrespects...trackthe

economymostclosely”可知新形式的失业在某些方面也同旧形式的失业

类似，新产生的下岗工人多数都是蓝领工人，因为这些行业与经济运行

的好坏最相关。D选项正是此意。A，B，C选项无关。

35.B由本文最后一段最后一句话“Butinthelong

run...psychologicallydynamite”可知从长期来看，这种失业现象必然会导

致政治上，经济上和心理上的危险。因此可推测失业问题最终会导致严

重的社会问题。B选项正是此意。A，C，D选项无关。

PassageTwo

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

HormonesintheBody

Uptothebeginningofthetwentiethcentury,thenervoussystemwas

thoughttocontrolallcommunicationwithinthebodyandtheresulting

integrationofbehavior.Scientistshaddeterminedthatnervesran,essentially,

onelectricalimpulses.Theseimpulseswerethoughttobetheenginefor

thought,emotion,movement,andinternalprocessessuchasdigestion.

However,experimentsbyWilliamBaylissandErnestStarlingonthe

chemicalsecretin,whichisproducedinthesmallintestinewhenfoodenters

thestomach,eventuallychallengedthatview.Fromthesmallintestine,

secretintravelsthroughthebloodstreamtothepancreas.There,itstimulates

thereleaseofdigestivechemicals.Inthisfashion,theintestinalcellsthat

producesecretinultimatelyregulatetheproductionofdifferentchemicalsina

differentorgan,thepancreas.

Suchacoordinationofprocesseshadbeenthoughttorequirecontrolby

thenervoussystem;BaylissandStarlingshowedthatitcouldoccurthrough

chemicalsalone.Thisdiscoveryspurredstartingtocointhetermhormoneto

refertosecretin,takingitfromtheGreekwordhormone,meaning“toexcite”

or“tosetinmotion.”Ahormoneisachemicalproducedbyonetissueto

makethingshappenelsewhere.

Asmorehormoneswerediscovered,theywerecategorized,primarily

accordingtotheprocessbywhichtheyoperatedonthebody.Someglands

(whichmakeuptheendocrinesystem)secretehormonesdirectlyintothe

bloodstream.Suchglandsincludethethyroidandthepituitary.Theexocrine

systemconsistsoforgansandglandsthatproducesubstancesthatareused

outsidethebloodstream,primarilyfordigestion.Thepancreasisonesuch

organ,althoughitsecretessomechemicalsintothebloodandthusisalsopart

oftheendocrinesystem.

Muchhasbeenlearnedabouthormonessincetheirdiscovery.Someplay

suchkeyrolesinregulatingbodilyprocessesorbehaviorthattheirabsence

wouldcauseimmediatedeath.Themostabundanthormoneshaveeffectsthat

arelessobviouslyurgentbutcanbemorefar-reachinganddifficulttotrack:

Theymodifymoodsandaffecthumanbehavior,evensomebehaviorwe

normallythinkofasvoluntary.Hormonalsystemsareveryintricate.Even

minuteamountsoftherightchemicalscansuppressappetite,calm

aggression,andchangetheattitudeofaparenttowardachild.Certain

hormonesacceleratethedevelopmentofthebody,regulatinggrowthand

form;othersmayevendefineanindividual’spersonalitycharacteristics.The

quantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducechangewithage,so

scientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrinesystem

overtimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.

Infact,somehormonetherapiesarealreadyverycommon.A

combinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfordecadesto

womenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbody

temperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthose

hormonesastheyentermiddleage.Knownashormonereplacementtherapy

(HRT),thetreatmentwasalsobelievedtopreventweakeningofthebones.

AtleastonestudyhaslinkedHRTwithaheightenedriskofheartdiseaseand

certaintypesofcancer.HRTmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots

—dangerousbecausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblock

majorbloodvessels—willform.SomeproponentsofHRThavetempered

theirenthusiasminthefaceofthisnewevidence,recommendingitonlyto

patientswhosesymptomsinterferewiththeirabilitiestolivenormallives.

Humangrowthhormonemayalsobegiventopatientswhoaresecreting

abnormallylowamountsontheirown.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffects

growthhormonehasonthebody,suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedto

childrenwhowouldbepathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.Growth

hormoneaffectsnotjustphysicalsizebutalsothedigestionoffoodandthe

agingprocess.Researchersandfamilyphysicianstendtoagreethatitis

foolhardytodispenseitincasesinwhichtherisksarenotclearlyoutweighed

bythebenefits.

36.Tobeconsideredahormone,achemicalproducedinthebodymust

_____.

A.bepartofthedigestiveprocess

B.influencetheoperationsofthenervoussystem

C.affectprocessesinadifferentpartofthebody

D.regulateattitudesandbehavior

37.Theglandsandorgansmentionedinparagraph3arecategorized

accordingto_____.

A.whetherscientistsunderstandtheirfunction

B.howfrequentlytheyreleasehormonesintothebody

C.whetherthehormonestheysecreteinfluencetheagingprocess

D.whethertheysecretechemicalsintotheblood

38.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessential

informationinthehighlightedsentenceinthepassage?

A.Mostmoodsandactionsarenotvoluntarybecausetheyareactually

producedbytheproductionofhormonesinthebody.

B.Becausetheeffectsofhormonesaredifficulttomeasure,scientists

remainunsurehowfar-reachingtheireffectsonmoodsandactionsare.

C.Whenthebodyisnotproducingenoughhormones,urgenttreatment

maybenecessarytoavoidpsychologicaldamage.

D.Theinfluenceofmanyhormonesisnoteasytomeasure,buttheycan

affectbothpeople’spsychologyandactionsextensively.

39.Whichpatientsareusuallytreatedwithgrowthhormone?

A.Adultsofsmallerstatuethannormal.

B.Adultswithstrongdigestivesystems.

C.Childrenwhoarenotatriskfromthetreatment.

D.Childrenwhomayremainabnormallysmall.

40.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexplainstheprimarygoalof

hormonereplacementtherapy?

A.Thequantitiesandproportionsofhormonesproducechangewith

age,soscientistshavegivenagreatdealofstudytoshiftsintheendocrine

systemovertimeinthehopesofalleviatingailmentsassociatedwithaging.

B.Acombinationofestrogenandprogesteronehasbeenprescribedfor

decadestowomenwhowanttoreducemoodswings,suddenchangesinbody

temperature,andotherdiscomfortscausedbylowernaturallevelsofthose

hormonesastheyentermiddleage.

C.HRTmayalsoincreasethelikelihoodthatbloodclots—dangerous

becausetheycouldtravelthroughthebloodstreamandblockmajorblood

vessels—willform.

D.Becauseofthecomplicatedeffectsgrowthhormonehasonthebody,

suchtreatmentsaregenerallyrestrictedtochildrenwhowouldbe

pathologicallysmallinstaturewithoutit.

【答案与解析】

36.C由文章第二段最后一句话“Ahormone...thingshappen

elsewhere.”可知荷尔蒙是由一处组织产生而作用于另一处组织的化学组

织。因此，C选项正是此意，它会对身体的另一个部分产生影响。A，

B，D选项文中均未提及。

37.D此题可用排除法。答案应定位在第三段。A选项中提到

的“scientists”“function”在第三段中都从未出现过，所以为无关选项，排

除。B选项中提到“frequently”，而分泌荷尔蒙的频率在此段中也未提

到，排除。C选项中的“agingprocess”在此段中也没有出现，排除。因

此，此题应选D选项。

38.D原文高亮处的意思是“最普遍的荷尔蒙的影响力是不显著的，

但是却很深远而且难以追踪：他们可以改变情绪，影响人类的行为，甚

至会影响通常看来是自发的那些行为”。A选项将句意的重点放在了情绪

和行为上，但文中的句子的重点则是荷尔蒙及其作用，因此A选项错

误。B选项中提到的科学家现在还不肯定荷尔蒙的影响的深远程度属于

无关信息。C选项中的“urgenttreatment”属于无关信息。D选项的意思

是“荷尔蒙的影响难以衡量，但是它们可以影响人类的心理和行动”，正

确。

39.D由文章最后一段第二句“Becauseof...staturewithoutit”可知成

长荷尔蒙疗法必须限制在幼小的儿童身上。D选项正是此意。A，B，C

选项均为无关选项。

40.AA选项为文章第四段最后一句话，它清楚地表明了科学家研

究荷尔蒙是为了减轻由于衰老带来的各种疾病。B，C，D选项均未说明

科学家研究荷尔蒙重置疗法的目的，为无关选项。

PassageThree

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

StudentsofUnitedStateshistory,seekingtoidentifythecircumstances

thatencouragedtheemergenceoffeministmovements,havethoroughly

investigatedthemid-nineteenth-centuryAmericaneconomicandsocial

conditionsthataffectedthestatusofwomen.Thesehistorians,however,have

analyzedlessfullythedevelopmentofspecificallyfeministideasand

activitiesduringthesameperiod.Furthermore,theideologicaloriginsof

feminismintheUnitedStateshavebeenobscuredbecause,evenwhen

historiansdidtakeintoaccountthosefeministideasandactivitiesoccurring

withintheUnitedStates,theyfailedtorecognizethatfeminismwasthena

trulyinternationalmovementactuallycenteredinEurope.Americanfeminist

activistswhohavebeendescribedas“solitary”and“individualtheorists”

wereinrealityconnectedtoamovement—utopiansocialism—whichwas

alreadypopularizingfeministideasinEuropeduringthetwodecadesthat

cachinnatedinthefirstwomen’srightsconferenceheldatSenecaFalls,New

York,in1848.Thus,acompleteunderstandingoftheoriginsand

developmentofnineteenth-centuryfeminismintheUnitedStatesrequires

thatthegeographicalfocusbewidenedtoincludeEuropeandthatthe

detailedstudyalreadymadeofsocialconditionsbeexpandedtoincludethe

ideologicaldevelopmentoffeminism.

TheearliestandmostpopularoftheutopiansocialistsweretheSaint-

Simonians.ThespecificallyfeministpartofSaint-Simonianismhas,

however,beenlessstudiedthanthegroup’scontributiontoearlysocialism.

Thisisregrettableontwoaccounts.By1832feminismwasthecentral

concernofSaint-Simonianismandentirelyabsorbeditsadherents’energy;

hence,byignoringitsfeminism,Europeanhistorianshavemisunderstood

Saint-Simonianism.Moreover,sincemanyfeministideascanbetracedto

Saint-Simonianism,Europeanhistorians’appreciationoflaterfeminismin

FranceandtheUnitedStatesremainedlimited.

Saint-Simon’sfollowers,manyofwhomwerewomen,basedtheir

feminismonaninterpretationofhisprojecttoreorganizetheglobeby

replacingbruteforcewiththeruleofspiritualpowers.Thenewworldorder

wouldberuledtogetherbyamale,torepresentreflection,andafemale,to

representsentiment.Thiscomplementarityreflectsthefactthat,whilethe

Saint-Simoniansdidnotrejectthebeliefthattherewereinnatedifferences

betweenmenandwomen,theyneverthelessforesawanequallyimportant

socialandpoliticalroleforbothsexesintheirUtopia.

OnlyafewSaint-Simoniansopposedadefinitionofsexualequality

basedongenderdistinction.Thisminoritybelievedthatindividualsofboth

sexeswerebornsimilarincapacityandcharacter,andtheyascribedmale-

femaledifferencestosocializationandeducation.Theenvisionedresultof

bothcurrentsofthought,however,wasthatwomenwouldenterpubliclifein

thenewageandthatsexualequalitywouldrewardmenaswellaswomen

withanimprovedwayoflife.

41.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorconsidersthosehistorianswho

describeearlyfeministsintheUnratedStatesas“solitary”tobe_____.

A.insufficientlyfamiliarwiththeinternationaloriginsofnineteenth-

centuryAmericanfeministthought

B.overlyconcernedwiththeregionaldiversityoffeministideasinthe

periodbefore1848

C.notfocusednarrowlyenoughintheirgeo-graphicalscope

D.insufficientlyawareoftheideologicalconsequencesoftheSeneca

Fallsconference

42.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofthe

SenecaFallsconferenceonwomen’srights?

A.Itwasprimarilyaproductofnineteenth-centurySaint-Simonian

feministthought.

B.ItwastheworkofAmericanactivistswhowereindependentof

feministsabroad.

C.ItwastheculminatingachievementoftheUtopiansocialist

movement.

D.Itwasamanifestationofaninternationalmovementforsocialchange

andfeminism

43.Theauthor’sattitudetowardmostEuropeanhistorianswhohave

studiedtheSaint-Simoniansisprimarilyoneof_____.

A.approvalofthespecificfocusoftheirresearch

B.disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontotheissuethatabsorbedmost

oftheSaint-Simonians’energyafter1832

C.approvaloftheirgeneralfocusonsocialconditions

D.disapprovaloftheirlackofattentiontolinksbetweentheSaint-

SimoniansandtheirAmericancounterparts

44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthatstudy

ofSaint-SimonianismisnecessaryforhistoriansofAmericanfeminism

becausesuchstudy_____.

A.wouldclarifytheideologicaloriginsofthosefeministideasthat

influencedAmericanfeminism

B.wouldincreaseunderstandingofamovementthatdeeplyinfluenced

theUtopiansocialismofearlyAmericanfeminists

C.wouldfocusattentiononthemostimportantaspectofSaint-Simonian

thoughtbefore1832

D.promisestoofferinsightintoamovementthatwasadirectoutgrowth

oftheSenecaFallsconferenceof1848

45.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldbethemost

accuratedescriptionofthesocietyenvisionedbymostSaint-Simonians?

A.Asocietyinwhichwomenwerehighlyregardedfortheirextensive

education.

B.Asocietyinwhichthetwogendersplayedcomplementaryrolesand

hadequalstatus.

C.Asocietyinwhichwomendidnotenterpubliclife.

D.Asocialorderinwhichabodyofmenandwomenwouldrule

togetheronthebasisoftheirspiritualpower.

【答案与解析】

41.A由文章第一段第三句“...theyfailedto...developmentof

feminism.”可知美国的女权运动事实上并不是独立的，而是与当时欧洲

的意识形态相关联的。因此，A选项中说这些历史学家对美国