2024版高考英语一轮总复习教材复习Unit3SportsandFitness教师用书新人教版必修第一册

Unit3SportsandFitnessⅠ．词块记单词1．sportsandfitness运动与健康2．gotothesoccergame去看足球赛3．ane-sportsevent一个电子竞技项目4．mastersintheirsports他们体育项目中的佼佼者5．bringhonourandglorytohercountry为她的国家带来荣光6．medalsatworldchampionshipsandtheOlympics在世界锦标赛和奥运会的奖牌7．theteamcaptain队长8．pretendtofalldown假装摔倒9．millionsofyuan数百万元10．nevercheatintheexam永远不要在考试中作弊11．theaudience观众12．lookliketheslimgirlsonTV像电视上的苗条女孩13．tryeverynewdiet尝试每一种新的饮食14．makeexerciselikejoggingmoreenjoyable让慢跑这样的运动更有趣15．spellingerrors拼写错误Ⅱ．语境记单词1．LiHuaisayoungmanwithgreatdetermination．HedeterminedtogotoTibetaftergraduation．Determinednevertocomebackbeforehecouldmakeabigfortune,helefthomewithoutsayingaword．(determine)2．Intheterriblecrashoftheschoolbus,manychildrenwereinjured,andevensomesufferedsevereinjuriestotheheadandarms．Theinjuredwererushedtothenearesthospital．(injure)3．Davidhasastrongbody．Hehasthestrengthtodohardwork．Wehadbetterstrengthentherelationshipwithhim．(strength)4．Alltheexcitedcompetitorswhoarerelativelycompetitivearecompetingforthehonourofwinningthegoldmedalsinthecompetition．(compete)5．Afterastressfulweekofwork,alltheemployeeswereextremelystressedandtired．Theycomplainedthatfewcouldworkeffectivelyunderstress．(stress)Ⅲ．语境记短语1．Aslongasyouhaveadream,keeptryingandyou'llmakeit(成功)．2．Encouragedbyhisfriends,Jackdidn'tloseheart(丧失信心)andkeptontrying．3．We'llhaveabarbecuetonightandyou'rewelcometocomealong(一起来)．4．Hesufferedaseriousinjurythatforcedhimtogiveup(放弃)hisjob．5．Ateachershouldsetagoodexample(树立好榜样)forstudentsbybehavinghimselfwellatanymoment．6．Boys,however,usecomputersforhomeworkandschoolworkonlynowandthen(偶尔)．7．Itdoesn'tmakesense(有道理)tobuythecheapestcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars．8．Ilistenedtotheprogrammeandfoundthey'dcutout(删掉)alltheinterestingstuff．9．Iwillhelpcleanuptheroadsidelitterwheneverpossible．Ihopemybehaviourwillmakeadifference(起作用)．10．Wedon'thavetokeeptheseoldchairsanymore．Anyway,theyarefallingapart(破裂)．Ⅳ．公式练句型1．他说他成功的原因是勤奋而不是智慧。(ratherthan)Hesaidthatitwasdiligenceratherthanintelligencethatledtohissuccess．2．(2022·全国甲卷写作)通过共同努力，我们可以保护和恢复我们宝贵的海洋。(bydoing...)Byworkingtogether,wecanprotectandrestoreourpreciousoceans．3．即使苏珊很恼火，她的声音仍然很平静。(evenif引导的让步状语从句)Susan'svoicestillremainedcalmevenifshewasgettingannoyed．4．今年来访的游客似乎少了。(seemtodo)Thereseemtobefewertouristsaroundthisyear．5．为了让她受良好的教育，她的父母做了很多牺牲。(sothat引导目的状语从句)Herparentshadmadesacrificessothatshecouldhaveagoodeducation．1．honourn．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸vt．尊重；以……为荣[素养佳句](2021·全国乙卷写作)It'sagreathonourformetostandhereandaddressmyspeechtitled“Besmartonlinelearners”．我很荣幸能站在这里发表我的题为“做聪明的在线学习者”的演讲。(1)inhonourof...为了纪念……It'sone'shonourtodosth．某人很荣幸做某事。(2)honouredadj．受尊敬的；感到荣幸的——单句语法填空①WecelebrateTeachers'Dayeveryyearinhonourofteachers．②Ifeelhonoured(honour)tobeinvitedtogiveyoualectureonhowtoimproveEnglishreadingability．——一句多译我很高兴收到你的来信。我很荣幸能和你分享在我们学校体育锻炼的情况。③Iamveryhappytohearfromyou．Asforthephysicalexerciseinourschool,Ihavethehonourtoshareitwithyou．(honourn．)④Iamveryhappytohearfromyou．Asforthephysicalexerciseinourschool,it'smyhonourtoshareitwithyou．(honourn．)⑤Iamveryhappytohearfromyou．Asforthephysicalexerciseinourschool,Ifeelhonouredtoshareitwithyou．(honoured)2．injurevt．使受伤；损害[素养佳句]LastSaturday,Iwentfishingwithmyfellows,onlytohavemyleftfootinjured．上星期六，我和我的同伴去钓鱼，结果我的左脚受伤了。(1)injuredadj．受伤的；有伤的theinjured伤员(2)injuryn．伤害；损伤dosb．aninjury/doaninjurytosb．伤害某人——单句语法填空①(2019·天津卷)Awarinjury(injure)hasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison．②Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjured(injure)andthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain．③Theinjuredweresent(send)tohospitalshortlyaftertheaccident．——句式升级Myleftfootwasseriouslyinjured,soIcan'tgowithyouasplanned．④Withmyleftfootseriouslyinjured,Ican'tgowithyouasplanned．(with复合结构)3．determinationn．决心；决定[素养佳句]It'sthatkindofcourageanddeterminationthatmakeshimsucharemarkablecharacter．正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样卓越的人。(1)determinev．(使)下决心，(使)做出决定；决定；测定；确定；查明determinetodosth．决定做某事(动作)determinethat...决心/决定……determineon/upon(doing)sth．决定(做)某事(2)determinedadj．有决心的；坚决的；坚定的——单句语法填空①(2021·浙江卷1月)Unfortunatelyweforgottoweighthembeforetakingouttheirinsides,butIwasdeterminedtoprove(prove)mypoint．②(2019·天津卷)Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowrite(write)abook．③(2021·浙江卷6月)Hebuiltahugelysuccessfulcareerwithlittlemorethanplainoldhardworkanddetermination(determine)．④Shewasabraveanddetermined(determine)girlwithrichimagination．⑤Determining(determine)whereweareinrelationtooursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival．——句式升级Iamdeterminedtoperformwellinthefinalexam,soI'moccupiedinpreparingforit．⑥Determinedtoperformwellinthefinalexam,I'moccupiedinpreparingforit．(过去分词短语作状语)4．strengthn．力量；体力；长处，优势[素养佳句]PractisingChinesekungfucannotonlybuildupone'sstrength,butalsodevelopone'scharacter．练中国功夫不但能增强体质，还能培养一个人的品性。(1)buildupone'sstrength增强体质strengthsandweaknesses优点和缺点(2)strongadj．坚强的；强壮的(3)strengthenv．加强；增强；巩固——单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrength(strong)andflexibility?②Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthen(strong)newmemories．③Asagoodteacher,youshouldknowyourstudents'strengths(strength)andweaknesses．——完成句子④Tobuildupourstrength,weoftenholdallkindsofactivities,suchasplayingbasketballandtabletennis,intheschoolgymnasium．为了强身健体，我们经常在学校的体育馆组织各种各样的活动，例如：打篮球、乒乓球等。⑤Byparticipatinginsuchactivities,weimproveourskillsandstrengthenoursenseofcooperation．通过参加这样的活动，我们提高了我们的技能，加强了我们的合作意识。5．competevi．竞争；对抗[素养佳句]Lifeislikealongracewherewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves．生活就像长跑，我们与别人竞争来超越自己。(1)competein参加……比赛competewith/against...与……竞争(2)competitionn．比赛(3)competitiveadj．有竞争力的；竞争的(4)competitorn．竞争者；对手——单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition(compete)．②Wecan'tcompetewith/againstthemonprice．③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Museumsmustcompeteforpeople'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements．④IwanttoprovethatIcanbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mycompetitors(compete)．——完成句子⑤Weweresointerestedinthecompetitionthatweformedagrouptotakepartinit．我们对比赛如此感兴趣，以至于我们组成了一个小组参加比赛。6．pretendvi．&vt．假装；装扮[素养佳句]Don'tpretendtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow．不要不懂装懂。pretendeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(tobe＋adj./n.假装……,todosth.假装做某事,tobedoingsth.假装正在做某事,tohavedonesth.假装做了某事,that...假装……))——单句语法填空①(2019·天津卷)SoIcarriedaroundabook,andeachnight,justtobelikeher,Iwouldpretendtobereading(read)．②Hewouldaskwhowewereandpretendnottoknow(know)us．③Jimpretendedtohavesolved(solve)thedifficultproblemandleftthecompany．④Ihadbeenlyingtomyself,pretending(pretend)thateverythingwasfine．——同义句转换Tompretendedthathehadn'theardaboutthenews,butinfactheknewitverywelllastweek．⑤Tompretendednottohaveheardaboutthenews,butinfactheknewitverywelllastweek．7．stressn．压力；紧张；重音vt．强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi．焦虑不安[素养佳句](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Thistalkshowaimstohelpstudentsreleasestressthroughrelaxingtalks．这个谈话节目旨在帮助学生通过轻松的谈话来释放压力。(1)lay/put/placestressonsth．把重点放在某事上；强调某事understress在压力之下underthestressof为……所迫(2)stresstheimportanceof...强调……的重要性(3)stressedadj．焦虑不安的；感到有压力的(4)stressfuladj．产生压力的；压力重的；紧张的——单句语法填空①(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport．②Ifyoufeelstressed(stress)byresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseofgreaterandlessimportance．③Itisalsoavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressful(stress)society．④Whenunderstress,evenamostgentlepersoncanbebad-temperedandgetangryeasily．——一句多译老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。⑤Teachersoftenstresstheimportanceofdiligenceintheapproachtosuccess．(stressv．)⑥Teachersoftenlay/put/placestressondiligenceintheapproachtosuccess．(stressn．)8．giveup放弃；投降[素养佳句]Losinggamestaughthimtopractiseharderandnevergiveup．输掉比赛教会了他更加努力地练习，永不放弃。givein屈服；投降；让步；上交giveout分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽；发出(声音、信号等)giveoff放出；发出(光、热、气味等)giveaway泄露；赠送——用give的相关短语填空①Itriedtopersuadehimtogiveupsmoking,butfailed．②Thechildrenwererequiredtogiveintheirexampapersimmediately．③Bicyclesareenvironmentallyfriendlybecausetheywon'tgiveoffwastegas．④Aftertwodays,ourfoodgaveout,andwehadtoreturntothecamp．——完成句子⑤Thatweekend,wewenttoanearbyneighbourhoodandgavethemawaytothepeoplethere．那个周末，我们去了附近的一个社区并把它们捐赠给那里的人们。9．makesense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚[素养佳句]Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood．这些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非买那件贵的不可。makesenseof了解……的意义；懂得makenosense没道理；没意义inasense在某种意义上commonsense常识innosense决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)Thereisnosenseindoingsth．(口语)做某事是没有道理的。——单句语法填空①(2021·浙江卷1月)Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits．②Thereisnosenseincomplaining(complain)．Weshouldtakeactionnow．③Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater．——词汇升级TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcanhardlyunderstandthematall．④TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcanhardlymakesenseofthematall．10．makeadifference有作用或影响[素养佳句]Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemakeadifferenceinwhateverwehopetoaccomplish．只有我们言行一致，才能对我们希望完成的事情有所突破。(1)makeadifferenceto对……有作用/有影响makesome/no/littledifference(to...)(对……)有/没有/很少有作用或影响(2)tellthedifference(between...and...)辨别/区分(……与……)——单句语法填空①(2022·北京卷)Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld．②Thetwinsaresoalike;it'sdifficulttotellthedifferencebetweenthem．——词汇升级Iwillhelpcleanuptheroadsidelitterwheneverpossible．Ihopemybehaviourswillwork．③Iwillhelpcleanuptheroadsidelitterwheneverpossible．Ihopemybehaviourswillmakeadifference．11．compare...with/to...与……比较[素养佳句]IregularlycomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought．我经常把自己的想法和别人的想法作比较。(1)comparevt．比较；匹敌；比喻n．比较compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with...和……相比(通常作状语)beyond/withoutcompare无与伦比(2)comparisonn．比较；对照；比喻incomparisonwith与……相比——单句语法填空①(2021·全国乙卷改编)Ageisnaturallyafactor(因素)—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto/with84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years．②(2023·浙江卷1月)Compared(compare)tootheralternatives,it'scomfortableandrelaxing．③Comparing(compare)Chinesecultureswithoverseasculturesisachallengingjob,butyouwilllearnalotfromit．——一句多译比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道该怎么做出选择。④Comparethequalityofdifferentbrandsandyouwillknowhowtomakeachoice．(祈使句)⑤Comparingthequalityofdifferentbrands,youwillknowhowtomakeachoice．(动词-ing形式短语作状语)12．ratherthan连接两个并列成分[素养佳句](2022·全国乙卷写作)Therefore,studentsshouldsparemoretimeforEnglishreadingratherthanwatchingmoviesorlisteningtomusictoomuch．因此，学生应该抽出更多的时间来阅读英语，而不是看太多电影或听太多音乐。(1)ratherthan意为“与其；不愿；而不是”，连接两个并列成分，可连接名词、代词、介词（短语）、动词­ing形式及不定式。(3)orrather更确切地说,otherthan除……之外,morethan很，非常，超过，不仅仅——单句语法填空①YouratherthanIare(be)tomakeaspeechatthemeeting．②Mostmenprefertospendtheweekendsathomeratherthango(go)shopping．③Veryquickly,shelearnedtoappreciateliferatherthantojudge(judge)everythingsoharshly．——一句多译如果我不得不放弃其中一个，我会关掉电视而不是关掉我的手机。④IfIhadtogiveuponeofthem,IwouldprefertoturnofftheTVratherthanswitchoffmycellphone．(prefer)⑤IfIhadtogiveuponeofthem,IwouldratherturnofftheTVthanswitchoffmycellphone．(wouldrather)⑥IfIhadtogiveuponeofthem,IwouldturnofftheTVratherthanswitchoffmycellphone．(ratherthan)ratherthan连接两个名词或代词作主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与ratherthan前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。13．Sb．/Sth．seems/seemed＋不定式[素养佳句](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Thegentlebreezeandsingingbirdsseemtocheerforhim．柔和的微风和歌唱的鸟儿似乎在为他欢呼。“Sb．/Sth．seems/seemed＋不定式”是固定句型，表示“某人/某物看来……/好像……”，该句型可转化为Itseems/seemedthat...。含seem的相关句型，常用的还有：Itseems＋adj．/n．＋todosth．看起来好像……Itseemsasif/asthough...看起来好像……Thereseem(s)(tobe)...看起来像……——单句语法填空①Theredoesn'tseemtobe(be)muchhopeofourbeatingthatteam．②Iseemtohaveleft(leave)mybookathome．③Itseemsdifficulttolearn(learn)somanynewwordsbyheartinashorttime．——同义句转换Heseemstobefitforthepresentjob．④Itseemsthatheisfitforthepresentjob．选词填空positive;cheat;evenif;workout;loseheart;comealong;makeit;nowandthen;cutout;fallapart;setagoodexample;failure1．Whentherightopportunitycomesalong,takeit．2．Theflightleavesintwentyminutes—we'llnevermakeit．3．WiththeQingDynastyfallingapart,itwasreplacedbyanewsystem．4．Shetookgoodcareofthepublicpropertyandsetagoodexampletoallofus．5．Nowandthen,littleJaneclimbedthehilltoseethetreethatshehadplantedwithherfather．6．Twosuitscanbecutoutofthispieceofmaterial．7．Ifyoucheatintheexam,youcouldhardlygetawaywithit．8．Pleasedon'tloseheart;youstillhavechances．9．Westudentsaswellasourteachersworkoutintheschoolgymnasiumeverymorning．10．Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,evenifhe'sinhisnineties．11．Ifyoustaypositive,youwillhaveashotatasilverlining．12．Hebrokedownashethoughtofhisfailuretosellallhisnewspapers．Ⅰ．语境猜词义1．(2022·浙江卷1月)Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevelwithacapacityof120wattsorhigher...n．健康2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit'sashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit．vt．掌握3．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements．Seehowawesomeyouare？n．优点，长处4．(2019·浙江卷6月)TheybecamethehottestthingonthepopmusicsceneinEngland．Theybeganasamodestlysuccessfulmusiciangroupandendedtheyearasshowbusinesslegends．n．传说Ⅱ．一词多义1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguests,likefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke．CA．n．大事B．n．比赛项目C．n．公开活动2．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport．AA．n．压力B．n．紧张C．n．重音Ⅲ．完成句子1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)EvenifDaviddidn'tgetagoodplace,hewasstillhappy．即使大卫没有得到一个好名次，他仍然很高兴。2．(2022·浙江卷6月写作)Italsomademerealisethatoursmallactofkindnesscanmakethemfeelwarmandmakeagreatdifferencetothem．这也让我意识到，我们小小的善举可以让他们感到温暖，对他们产生巨大的影响。3．(2021·浙江卷1月写作)I'mhonouredtobeheretoextendawarmwelcometoyouonbehalfofourschool．我很荣幸能在这里代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。4．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷写作)MrLiuoftenstressestheimportanceoflearningEnglishwell,whichhasagreatimpactonme．刘老师经常强调学好英语的重要性，这对我有很大的影响。5．(2021·全国乙卷写作)WhenIamfacedwithdifficultiesinlearning,Iwon'tpretendtohaveknownit,butturntomyclassmatesorteachers．当我在学习中遇到难题时，我会向我的同班同学或老师求助，而不是不懂装懂。6．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷写作)WhenIfailedtheexamlastmonthandwasinlowspirits,shetoldmenottoloseheartnomatterwhathappened．当我上个月考试不及格，情绪低落时，她告诉我不管发生什么事都不要灰心。Ⅰ．单词拼写1．Itisessentialthatyourdiet(日常饮食)isvariedandbalanced．2．Hishardworkfinallypaidoffwhenhewonagoldmedal(奖章)attheOlympicGames．3．Iwasfortunateinbeingelectedcaptain(队长)ofthatteam．4．Whentheteacherfoundhercheating(作弊)inthetest,Emilyfeltcompletelyataloss．5．Somepeoplefinditdifficulttomaster(掌握)ChineseandWesterneatinghabits．6．Thegirlreplacedherbrotherasavolunteertoservethesportsevents(比赛项目)．7．Nowadaysanycountrycantakepartiftheirathletes(运动员)aregoodenough．8．Attheendoftheparty,wethankedourhost(主人)andwentbackhome．9．Theworldchampion(冠军)finishedmorethantwosecondsaheadofhisnearestrival．10．Hisbookreachedanevenwideraudience(观众)whenitwasfilmedfortelevision．Ⅱ．单句语法填空1．Asweallknow,takingregularexerciseisofgreatbenefittoourphysicalfitness(fit)．2．Tomakemembersoftheteamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheirstrengths(strong)andweaknesses．3．Wecarefullycomparedthefirstreportwith/tothesecondone．4．Firefightersruntheriskofgettinginjured(injure)inaburningbuildingtosavepeople．5．Asweallknow,failure(fail)isthemotherofsuccess,soweshouldn'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes．6．Whenmymothercameback,Ipretendedtohavefallen(fall)asleep．7．Determined(determine)tobeaheadofothersinstudies,heworksharddayandnight．8．Thetrappedminersdidn'thaveenoughwaterandfoodtomakeitthroughtheweek．9．Inordertobemorecharmingandslimmer(slim),girlstendtogoonadiet．10．Severalcompanieshaveannouncedtheirintentiontocompetefortheproject．Ⅲ．补全句子1．事实上每个人都有似乎诸事不顺的一段时期，因此你没有必要太担心。(主语＋seem＋不定式)Thetruthisthateveryonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong,soyoudon'thavetoworrysomuch．2．我们学校有两个操场和一个大体育场，即使下雨我们也有机会做各种运动。(evenif)Therearetwoplaygroundsandabigstadiuminourschool,whichofferusanopportunitytodoavarietyofsportsevenifit'sraining．3．我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在世界青少年机器人技能竞赛中竞争。(compete)WecancompetewithstudentsfromotherschoolsintheWorldAdolescentRoboticsCompetition．4．当他看见老师向他走来时，他打开了书，假装在看。(pretend)Whenhesawtheteachercomingtowardshim,heopenedthebook,pretendingtobereadingit．5．我们将在教室里开会，而不是在大厅里。(ratherthan)Wewillhaveameetingintheclassroomratherthaninthehall．课时质量评价(四)必修第一册UNIT3主题语境：体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神Ⅰ．阅读理解A(2022·湛江模拟)Tobogganing,orsledding(雪橇),likelycomesbeforethecolonisationofNorthAmerica．RecordsshowthatCanada'sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports．Butmodern-daysledracescantracetheiroriginsbacktotheSwissAlpsinthelate1800swhenBritishtouristsdecidedtoraceinwoodenluges(asledusedbyoneperson)thatlocalshadusedtotravelthroughsnow．TheoriginisdebatableinsnowynorthernNewYork,however,wherethere'sevidencethatAlbanyheldbobsled(asledusedbytwoormorepeople)racesasearlyas1885．Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular．ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstownnearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin1885usingsnowbanks．Thefirstorganisedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt．Moritz(acityinSwitzerland)．Itwasthenthatsleddingbegantoseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports:bobsledding,andskeletonsledding(俯式冰橇)．CrestaRunisconsideredthebirthplaceoftheskeleton,aparticularlydaringformofsledding．Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance．Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack．Bobsledding,meanwhile,involvesteamsoftwotofourinwhichthepersoninfrontcontrolsdirectionsandtheplayerinbackbrakeswhenneeded．Itearneditsnameaftercompetitorsstartedswingingbackandforthtospeedupthesled．Bobsleddinginitiallyovertookskeletonsleddinginpopularity,becomingoneofahandfulofsportsplayedatthefirstWinterGamesin1924．TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled．Butinthe1970s,adjustmentsweremadetoboththeskeletonandbobrunsinordertoincludetheeventatfuturewintergames．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展。1．WhatcanweinferaboutRaymondFlower?A．Heisawriter．B．Heisgoodatsledding．C．Heinventedthesleddingrace．D．Hesetthefirstrecordofsledding．A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“RecordsshowthatCanada'sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports．”可以推断出，RaymondFlower是一位作家。故选A。2．Howdoesskeletonsleddingdifferfromtheluge?A．Skeletonsleddingrunsonmetalrunners．B．Skeletonsleddingdoesn'thavebackbrakes．C．Ridersonskeletonsleddingsledwiththeirfeet．D．Skeletonsleddingneedsplayerstoliedownonitheadfirst．D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance．Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack．”可知，俯式冰橇与无舵雪橇的不同之处是俯式冰橇需要运动员在滑行时头朝下躺在上面。故选D。3．Whatlimitedthepopularityofskeletonsledding?A．Itsspecialshape．B．Itsspeed．C．Itssteelrunners．D．Itsunsuitableadjustments．C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled．”可知，俯式冰橇数十年来受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因为其他地方的雪橇滑道不适合俯式冰橇，因此限制了俯式冰橇的普及的是它的钢架。故选C。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Whyissleddingsopopular?B．HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland?C．Whataresleddingadventuresabout?D．HowdidpeoplekilltimeinNorthAmerica?B标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的内容可知，文章介绍了雪橇运动在瑞士的发展，因此最佳题目是B项“HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland？”。故选B。B(2022·广州模拟)Whenyouloveworkingout,takingabreakfromexercisecanseemawasteoftime—therearetrainingplanstofollowandgoalstobemet．So,what'stheproblem?Accordingtonewresearch,excessivetrainingcanbedamagingtomentalwell-being．“Thebenefitsofregularphysicalactivityarewell-established,butit'spossibletohavetoomuchofagoodthing，”saysJanet,anexpertatphysicaltraining．Buthowdoyouknowifyou'redoingtoomuch?“Over-exercisingcanmeantrainingfortoolongortoointenselywithoutenoughrestforyourpersonallimits，”shesays．“Someofusmayfeelunabletostop．”Indeed,oneresearchshowsalmost40percentofusfeelguiltyifwemissaworkoutandlessthan59percentregularlytakearestday．Soshouldyoubetakingmoretimeout?Byexercisingbeyondyourlimits,notonlycouldyouinjureyourbodyandreducemusclemass,youcouldalsoendupfeelinganxious,too．“Over-exercisingcanimpactyourmood,relationshipsandabilitytofunctioninotherareasofyourlife，”warnsJanet．“Exercisereleasesthestresshormonecortisol．Formostpeople,thiscanhelpyoubettermanagestresslevels．Over-exercising,however,canleadtoincreasedlevelsofcortisolinthebloodstreamwhichcanleadtopoorsleep,depressionandproblemswithmemoryandconcentration．”Stillnotconvinced?Ifyoufindithardtoputdownyourtrainers,you'renotalone．“Upto10percentofenduranceathletesareaffectedbyovertrainingsyndrome,withcommoneffectsincludingmusclesoreness,persistentfatigueandevenmentalbreakdown，”saysProfessorJames．“Inaddition,over-exercisingcanstimulatehyperinflammation,whichhasasevereeffectonbrainhealth．”Thereisasimplesolution,however．“Ithasbeenshownthatexhaustionmaybedelayedalmostindefinitelybyfrequentandregularshortbreaks，”assuresJames．【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了过度锻炼不仅对身体有害，还会损害心理健康，短暂休息一下可以缓解疲劳。5．WhatisJanet'sattitudetowardsexcessiveexercising?A．Favourable． B．Tolerant．C．Ambiguous． D．Disapproving．D观点态度题。根据第三段中的“‘Over-exercisingcanimpactyourmood,relationshipsandabilitytofunctioninotherareasofyour