新视野第三版第一册讲稿1-6单元

IV(para.9,conclusion)Assignments:Exercise6onpage156BankedCloze.Translation.Unit6TextBReadingskills:understandingsignalwordsNewwords1.soar:vi.1)increasequicklytoahighlevel猛增；骤升Thepricesofhouseshavebeensoaringinrecentyears.房子的价格近几年一直在飞涨。2)risequicklyintotheair急速升高Jumpingoffthespringboard,hesoaredthreemetersupintotheairbeforecomingdownagain.他从跳板上跳起来，一下子窜到空中三米高处，然后才落下来。2.vigorous:a.1)fullofenergy,enthusiasm,ordetermination体力旺盛的；热情满怀的；强有力的；坚决的Youshoulddoacombinationofmoderateandvigorousexercise.你应该进行中、高强度相结合的锻炼。2)strong,active,andhealthy强壮的；积极的；健壮的Cuttingthebushintheautumnwillhelppromotevigorousgrowthinthespring.秋天修剪灌木会促进它们在春天茁壮成长。3..illustrate:vt.1)beanexamplewhichshowsthatsth.istrueorthatafactexists（作为例证）说明（事实）Thesepicturesillustratehowrocksareformed.这些照片说明了岩石是如何形成的。2)showsth.byusingpictures,diagrams,listsofnumbers,etc.（用图片、图表、数字等）说明，阐明Theauthorgivesussomediagramstoillustratetheproductionprocess.作者提供了一些图表来说明生产过程。4.Exhaust:vt.1)useallofsth.用完；耗尽Theexpeditionsoonexhausteditssuppliesandasmallgroupwassenttosearchforfood.探险队很快就耗尽了供给，于是就派了一小队人去寻找食物。Weareindangerofexhaustingtheworld’soilsupply.我们正处在耗尽石油供应的危险之中。2)makesb.feelextremelytired使筋疲力尽Caringforyoungchildrencanexhaustyouphysicallyandmentally.照顾小孩子会让你感到身心疲惫。5.abuse:n.[C,U]theuseofsth.inawaythatitshouldnotbeused滥用Drugtraffickinganddrugabusearetrulythecausesofmanycrimes.贩毒和吸食毒品实际上是众多犯罪事件的根源所在。Vt.deliberatelyusesth.forthewrongpurposeorforyourownadvantage滥用；妄用Thesepowers,ifabused,couldturnhimintoadictator.这些权力一旦被滥用就会使他变成一个独裁者。6.relieve：vt.1）makeaproblemlessdifficultorserious减轻，缓和，缓解（问题的难度或严重性）Thegovernmenthasagreedtoprovide$10millionoffoodaidtohelprelievethefamine.政府已同意提供一千万美元的食品救助，用以缓解饥荒。2reducesb’spainorunpleasantfeelings减轻，缓和，缓解（疼痛或不快的感觉）Jerrywasseriouslyillandhewasgivenashottorelievethepain.杰里病得很重。他打了一针以减轻疼痛。7.convince:vt.makesb.feelcertainthatsth.istrue使确信；使信服Theyarguedheatedly,butneithercouldconvincetheother.他们争论得很激烈,但是谁也说服不了谁。Hersmileconvincedhimthatshewashappy.她的微笑使他确信她是快乐的。Convinced:a.(notbeforenoun)feelingcertainthatsth.istrue确信的；信服的Weareconvincedthatthesedifferencescanbeovercomesoonerorlater.我们相信这些分歧迟早会消除的。8.concede:v.admitthatsth.istrueorcorrect,althoughyouwishitwerenottrue（不得不）承认Thegovernmenthasconcededthatthenewtaxpolicywasafailure.政府已经承认新的税收政策是失败之举。Phrasesandexpressions●beinthe/aminorityformlessthanhalfofagroup占少数Theirpartyisonlyintheminorityonthelocalcouncil.在地方议会里他们的政党只占少数。●asfor:usedforintroducingasubjectthatisrelatedtowhatyouhavejustbeentalkingabout关于；至于Asforsalary,someworkerscouldbelookingat$100,000ormoreayear.至于工资，有些工人期望年薪10万美元或更多。KittyisgoingtoCanadaforthewintervacation.Asforme,Idon’thaveaplanyet.基蒂寒假要去加拿大。至于我嘛，还没什么计划。●amatterof(doing)sth.:beaquestionof关乎…的事情Reducingcheatingoncampusisnotjustamatterofgivingseverepunishments.要减少校园作弊现象不单是给予严厉惩罚的问题。●lookback:thinkaboutatimeoreventinthepast回忆起；回顾IalwayslookbackonthosehappydaysIspentatcollege.我总是回忆起在大学里度过的那些快乐的日子。●beenviousof:bewantingsth.thatsb.elsehas妒忌的；羡慕的Herepeatedlytoldhissonnottobeenviousofothers’goodfortune.他反复跟儿子说，不要羡慕别人的好运气。●relievesb.ofsth.:lessenDoingyogadailywillrelieveyouofstresswithouttakingmedication.每天做瑜伽可以使你不借助药物而消除紧张。Unit7HopingforthebetterNolegacyissorichashonesty.WilliamShakespeareHonestyisthefirstchapterofthebookofwisdom.—ThomasJefferson

Ifyoutellthetruthyoudon’thavetorememberanything.MarkTwainTextAWhendishonestydisappearsObjectives:TodiscusssomesocialphenomenonaboutdishonestyTofurtherunderstandthetext

ToapplythephrasesandpatternsTomastertheparagraphwritingskillI.Warming-up1.Whatdoeseachpicturedepict?OfficialcorruptionGutteroilFakefoodOfficialcorruptionGutteroilFakefoodAcademiccheatingAcademiccheating2.Whatisthecommonproblemthesepicturesexpose?●Somegoodvirtuesarevanishing.●Honestyisnotvaluedasmuchasbefore.●Honestydisappears.●People’smoralityisdeclining.II.Pre-readingActivityWhatwouldyoudoifyoudon’twanttogotoafriend’spartywhichyou’vebeeninvitedto?●Definitelydeclinetheinvitation;●Createanexcuse;●Don’tappearrude.2.Whatwouldyoudoifthecashieratthesupermarketforgetstochargeyouforoneitem?●Pointouthisorhermistake;●Tellthecashierthatoneitemhadnotbeencharged;●Iwouldn’tfeelcomfortabletogainthispettyadvantage.III.CulturalbackgroundWhatdoyouknowaboutAbrahamLincoln?The16thpresidentoftheUnitedStates(1861-1865);leadthecountrythroughtheAmericanCivilWar;preservetheUnion;theemancipationoftheslaves;theGettysburgAddress(November19,1863)What’sLincolnbestknownfor?IssuingTheEmancipationProclamationandthe13thamendmenttotheAmericanconstitution;Abolishingtheslaverysystem.WhatdoAmericanpeoplethinkofthepresident?OneofthegreatestAmericanpresidents;haveuniqueappealforhisfellowcountrymen.IV.Newwords1.fraudn.[C,U]thecrimeofdeceivingpeopleinordertogainsth.suchasmoneyorgoods欺诈；诈骗e.g.Theysaidthatitwasthetemptationofmoneythatledthemtocommitthefraud.他们说正是受到金钱的诱惑他们才去行骗的。Hehasbeenchargedwithtaxfraud/creditcardfraud.他被控逃税/信用卡诈骗。2.corruptionn.[U]dishonest,illegal,orimmoralbehavior,esp.fromsb.withpower（尤指有权势者的）贪污，贿赂，受贿，腐败e.g.Wethinkallgovernmentsshouldservetheirpeopleandseektoendcorruption.我们认为所有的政府都应该服务于人民，并且力求消除腐败。3.expelvt.officiallyforcesb.toleaveaplaceororganizationbecauseoftheirbadbehavior强迫（某人）离开；驱逐；开除e.g.Twoseniorstudentshavebeenexpelledforcheatingonthefinalexam.两名大四学生因为在期末考试时作弊而被学校开除。EightOlympicathleteswereexpelledfordrug-taking.八名奥运会运动员因服用禁药被取消了比赛资格。4.purchasen.[C,U](fml.)sth.youbuy,ortheactofbuyingit购买（的东西）e.g.Advertisersneedtolearnwhatwillmotivatepeopletomakeapurchase.广告商需要了解什么会刺激人们买东西。Whatisthepurchasepriceofthehouse?这所房子的购买价是多少？vt.(fml.)buysth.购买e.g.ThemuseumistryingtoraiseenoughmoneytopurchaseapaintingbyVanGogh.这家博物馆正努力筹集资金去购买梵・高的一幅画。5.exemplifyvt.1)beatypicalexampleofsth.作为…的范例；当作…的典型e.g.MarkTwain’snovelTheAdventuresofTomSawyerexemplifies19th-centurylifeintheUnitedStates.马克・吐温的小说《汤姆・索亚历险记》体现了19世纪美国的生活。Theroom’sstyleexemplifiesheridealof“beautyandpracticality”.这个房间的风格是体现她“美观且实用”理念的典范。2)giveanexampleofsth.举例说明Iwillexemplifymypointwithastory.我将用一个故事来说明我的观点。6.briben.[C]moneyoragiftthatyouillegallygivesb.topersuadethemtodosth.foryou贿赂e.g.Itwassaidthathealwaysrefusedtotakebribeswhileinoffice.据说他在执政时一直拒绝受贿。vt.illegallygivesb.,esp.apublicofficial,moneyoragiftinordertopersuadethemtodosth.foryou贿赂；收买e.g.Hewasbribedintogivingsecretinformationofhiscompanytoanothercompany.他被收买而把公司的机密泄露给了另一家公司。Itriedtobribemybrotherintogoingawayfortheafternoonbyofferinghimtheuseofmycar.我试图以把车给弟弟用的名义来收买他，让他下午离开。7.accuratea.correctandtrueineverydetail正确的；准确的e.g.Accuraterecordsaboutthisaccidentmustbekeptforfurtherinvestigation.必须准确记录这次事故，以便以后进行进一步调查。Theywereaccurateintheirpredictionthathewouldacceptourinvitation.他们的预料真准，他接受了我们的邀请。8.exaggeratev.makesth.seembetter,larger,worse,etc.thanitreallyis夸大；夸张；言过其实e.g.Shellyadmittedthatshedidsometimesexaggeratethedifficultyofherjob.谢莉承认，她有时候确实夸大了自己的工作难度。Don’texaggerate.Iwasonlytwominuteslate,nottwenty.不要夸张，我只是迟到了两分钟，不是二十分钟。9.facilitatevt.(fml.)makeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappen促进；使便利ThedevelopmentoftheInternetgreatlyfacilitatespeople’scommunication.互联网的发展大大方便了人们之间的交流。Iwonderedwhatkindofteachingmethodwouldfacilitatelearningbetter.我想知道哪种教学方法能更好地促进学习。10.frustratevt.makesb.feelannoyedandimpatientbypreventingthemfromdoingorgettingsth.阻挠；使烦恼；使灰心Ifyougiveachildamathproblemthatishardtosolve,youmayfrustratehim.如果你让一个孩子做太难的数学题，你会使他气馁的。frustrationn.[C,U]thefeelingofbeingannoyed,upset,orimpatient,becauseyoucannotcontrolorchangeasituation,orachievesth.懊丧；懊恼；沮丧Iwasclosetotearswithfrustration,butIheldback.我沮丧得快要哭出来，但我忍住了。11.ultimatea.(onlybeforenoun)1)better,bigger,worse,etc.thanallotherthingsorpeopleofthesamekind最出色的；最大的；最糟糕的e.g.Inthewar,hegavehislifeandtherebypaidtheultimateprice.他在战争中牺牲了，因此付出了最大的代价。2)sb.’sultimateaimistheirmainandmostimportantaim,thattheyhopetoachieveinthefuture（目标等）最终的，首要的e.g.Hisultimategoalatthemomentistogoandstudyoutofthecountry.现在他的首要目标是去国外读书。3)happeningattheendofaprocessoractivity最终的；最后的e.g.Theultimateoutcomeoftheexperimentcannotbepredicted.实验的最后结果无法预测。15.fakevt.makesth.seemrealinordertodeceivepeople仿造；伪造e.g.Thecriminalfakedanidentitycardtoavoidinvestigation,buthewascaughteventually.这名罪犯伪造了一个假身份证来逃避调查，但他最终还是被抓住了。n.[C]acopyofavaluableobject,painting,etc.thatisintendedtodeceivepeople赝品；假货e.g.Thepaintingheboughtonlinewasprovedtobeafake.他在网上买的这幅画被证实是赝品。a.(usu.beforenoun)madetolooklikearealmaterialorobjectinordertodeceivepeople伪造的；冒充的e.g.Thebankusesspecialmachinestodetectfakemoney.银行用特殊的机器来识别假钞。16.consciousa.1)thinkingalotaboutorconcernedaboutsth.关注的；有意识的；注重的e.g.Shewasveryconsciousofsecurity.她非常注重安全。2)(notbeforenoun)noticingorrealizingsth.注意到的；意识到的e.g.Whetherweareconsciousofitornot,ourbodylanguagetellswhatwereallyfeel.不管我们是否意识到了这一点，我们的肢体语言传达了我们的真正感受。3)awakeandabletounderstandwhatishappeningaroundyou清醒的；有知觉的；神志清醒的e.g.WhenIfirstwokeupandbecameconsciousagain,Ididn’trememberanythingabouttheaccident.当我刚醒过来、恢复意识的时候，我一点也不记得那场事故了。17.launchvt.1)startsth.,usu.sth.bigorimportant发动；发起；开始进行e.g.Thecompanydecidedtolaunchanewadvertisementcampaigntoincreasethesales.公司决定开展新的广告宣传活动来提高销售额。2)makeanewproduct,book,etc.availableforsaleforthefirsttime把（新产品、新书等）投放市场；出版；发行e.g.ThecompanyannounceditwilllaunchanewversionofitssoftwareinJanuary.该公司宣布将在1月份将其新版软件投放市场。3)sendaweaponorspacecraftintotheskyorintospace发射（武器或宇宙飞船）e.g.Wehavesucceededinlaunchingseveralcommunicationssatellites.我们已经成功发射了几颗通信卫星。18.eliminatevt.1)getridofsth.thatisnotwantedorneeded消除；剔除；根除e.g.Wearetakingallmeasureswithinourpowertoeliminateviolence.我们正在采取我们力所能及的一切措施来消除暴力。Youhavetoeliminateallmistakesfromtheessaybeforeyouhanditin.在把论文交上去之前，你必须把所有的错误都改掉。2)(usu.passive)removesb.fromacompetitionorelection（在比赛或竞选中）淘汰e.g.Iwaseliminatedfromthe400metersinthesemifinal.我在400米半决赛中被淘汰。19.attachvt.fastenorconnectoneobjecttoanother系；绑；贴；固定；连接；附上e.g.I’llattachacopyofthedocumentforyourreference.我会附上一份文件供你参考。Theworkersattheairportattachlabelstothepassengers’luggage.机场工作人员把标签贴在乘客的行李上。attacheda.joinedorfixedtosth.连接的；附加的e.g.Toapplyforthisposition,pleasecompletetheattachedform.要申请这个职位，请填写附带的表格。20.confrontvt.1)accusesb.ofdoingsth.,esp.byshowingthemtheproof对质；当面对证e.g.Iconfrontedhimwithmysuspicions,andheadmittedeverything.我当面向他提出自己的怀疑，他承认了一切。2)facesb.sothattheycannotavoidseeingandhearingyou,esp.inanunfriendlyordangeroussituation面对；对抗；与（某人）对峙e.g.Openingthedoor,hefoundhimselfconfrontedbyadozenpolicemenwithguns.当他打开门时，他发现十几名警察正拿着枪对着他。3)dealwithadifficultsituation正视；处理；面对e.g.Theteacherishelpingthestudentsconfronttheirproblemsinthecourseofstudy.老师正在帮学生解决他们在学习过程中所遇到的问题。21.applaudvt.(fml.)expressstrongapprovalofanidea,plan,etc.称赞；赞许e.g.Weallapplaudtheauthority’sdecisiontomovethechemicalfactorytothesuburbs.我们都赞同当局把化工厂搬到郊区的决定。v.hityouropenhandstogether,toshowthatyouhaveenjoyedaplay,concert,speaker,etc.（为…）鼓掌e.g.Thepresidentwasapplaudedrepeatedlyduringhis40-minutespeech.在总统40分钟的演讲过程中掌声不断。22.absolutea.1)true,correct,andnotchanginginanysituation绝对的；不会改变的e.g.Youhaveabsoluterighttorefusetocommentonthisissue.你有拒绝对此事发表看法的绝对权利。Hetaughtusthatthelawsofphysicswereabsolute.他教导我们说，物理定律是不会改变的。2)completeortotal完全的；纯粹的e.g.Ihaveabsoluteconfidenceinmyself,forI’vebeenworkingreallyhard.我对自己完全有信心，因为我一直非常努力。Whathesaidwasabsolutenonsense.他所说的简直就是废话。3(onlybeforenoun)(esp.BrE)usedtoemphasizeyouropinionaboutsth.orsb.十足的；绝对的e.g.Howdidyoudothat?Youareanabsolutegenius!你是怎么做到的？你简直就是个天才！23.descendv.(fml.)movefromahigherleveltoalowerone下来；下降；走下e.g.TheplanetookoffinShanghai;twohourslater,itstartedtodescendinXi’an.飞机从上海起飞，两个小时后开始在西安降落。descendinto:ifasituationdescendsintoacertainbadstate,itbecomesbad陷入…状况e.g.Agovernmentthatrepresentsthewillofthepeoplewillnotletthecountrydescendintochaos.一个代表民意的政府不会让国家陷入无序状态。24.affirmativea.1)(fml.)positive积极的；乐观的e.g.Thelocalgovernmenthasadoptedanaffirmativeapproachtotheracialproblem.当地政府已经采取积极的方法来解决种族问题。2)showingthatyoumean“yes”肯定的e.g.WhenIaskedhimwhetherhewouldcometomybirthdayparty,hegavemeanaffirmativereply.我问他是否来参加我的生日派对时，他给了我肯定的答复。V.Phrasesandexpressions1.nottomentionsth.:usedtointroduceanadditionalthingthatmakesasituationevenmoredifficult,surprising,interesting,etc.更不用说某事了e.g.HeownsalotofpropertyinNewYork,nottomentionseveralluxuriouscars.他在纽约有很多财产，更不必说拥有好几辆豪车了。2.ripoff(infml.)1)stealsth.盗窃e.g.Hewalkedintothestoreandrippedoffapairofgloves.他走进商店，偷了一副手套。2)chargesb.toomuchmoneyforsth.敲…的竹杠e.g.Touristsareworriedt