考点05-形容词和副词与语法填空（原卷版）

考点05形容词和副词（原卷版）【命题趋势】 1.对与形容词和副词有关的构词法的考查仍会成为语法填空的重点之一。 2.形容词、副词的题目侧重考查考生在具体语境中灵活运用形容词、副词的能力。 3.从高考来看，主要考查：形容词和副词的比较等级；形容词和副词之间的转换；名词转换为形容词等。【名师指导】 形容词和副词是语法填空的必考点，主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生。1.形容词可作定语、表语、补语。因此，在做语法填空时，若句子缺定语、表语或补语，要首先想到用形容词。2.副词在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语或整个句子。因此当设空处作状语时，首先考虑要填副词。3.做语篇型语法填空时，考生还需根据上下文及形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型来判断。短文改错中，本该用形容词时却用了副词或其他词性，或本该用副词却用了形容词，要根据形容词和副词的基本用法判断。此外平时复习时还要注意一些常见的形容词、副词辨析。【重要考向】一、形容词和副词的比较等级；二、形容词修饰名词；三、形容词和副词的辨析；形容词和副词的比较等级【典例】【2022全国甲卷】...andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s_________(high)mountain.规则变化构成例词原级比较级最高级单音节词一般情况下直接加-er和-estsmallsmallersmallestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以e结尾的单音节词和少数以-ble结尾的双音节词加-r和-stfinefinerfinestcutecutercutestableablerablest以一个辅音字母结尾,且前面只有一个元音字母的词,双写辅音字母后再加-er和-estfatfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加-er和-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,加-er和-estclevercleverercleverestnarrownarrowernarrowest其他双音节和多音节的形容词或副词一般在前面加more和mostcarefulmorecarefulmostcarefulpopularmorepopularmostpopularefficientlyMoreefficientlymostefficiently不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest【形容词和副词的比较等级提分秘籍】1．形容词或副词的as...as结构两者相比，当A＝B时，用“as＋adj./adv.原级＋as”来表示。如：JackrunsasfastasTom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。双方相比，当A≠B，或指A的程度较低时，用“notas/so＋adj./adv.原级＋as”表示。如：Hedoesnotworkas/sohardashissister.他不如他妹妹学习努力。2．形容词或副词的比较级＋than当双方比较，A>B时，用“比较级＋than”结构。当A不及B的程度时，用“less＋adj./adv.原级＋than”的结构。如：Idon’tthinkmathsismoreimportantthanphysics.＝Ithinkmathsislessimportantthanphysics.我认为数学没有物理重要。【特别提醒】(1)quite只可用于quitebetter结构中，表示“病已经好多了”。(2)byfar与far的区别：far只用于“far＋比较级”结构中，其他情况下都用byfar来加强语气。如：①Heisfarbettertoday.②Heisbetterbyfartoday.③Heisbyfarthebeststudentinourclass.(3)many与much的区别：修饰可数名词复数时，用many，其他情况下都用much。如：①Thehenshavelaidmanymoreeggsthanbefore.这些鸡产的蛋比以前多多了。②Thereismuchmorewaterinthisriver.这条河里有更多的水。③Heismuchcleverer.他更加聪明了。3．“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构表示“越……越……”Themoreticketsyousell，themoremoneyyouwillget.你票卖得越多，你得到的钱就会越多。4．当三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用最高级这种句式中一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语；最高级可被序数词以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等词语修饰。如：Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisbyfarthehighestinthecity.目前在建的那座大楼是本市最高的大楼。5．比较级表示最高级含义(1)比较级＋thananyother＋可数名词单数。如：TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。(2)比较级＋thanall(the)other＋可数名词复数。如：ChinaislargerthanalltheotherAsiancountries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。(3)no/never/nothing...＋比较级。如:Nothingismorevaluablethantime.时间比任何东西都珍贵。(4)“否定词＋不定冠词＋形容词的比较级＋名词”或“否定词＋副词的比较级”表示“从未……；未曾……”。如：Thisfilmisverymoving.Ihaveneverseenabetterone.这部电影很感人，我从没有看到过比它更好的了。形容词和副词比较等级常见句式项目例句as...as.../notso(as)...as...,意为“和…(不)一样…”Sheisastallashermother.Iamnotas/sogoodaplayerasyouare.比较级(+than),意为“一方比另一方……”Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.Ihaveneverseenamoreinterestingfilm.less+原级+than,意为“一方不及另一方……”Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.the+比较级,the+比较级,意为“越……越……”Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.more...than...,意为“与其……倒不如……”Heismoreshythanunfriendly.以-ior结尾的形容词,与to搭配。如:junior,senior,superior,prior,inferior等ThebookissuperiortothatoneIjustfinishedreading.no+比较级+than两者都不Thisbookisnomoreinterestingthanthatonce.The+比较级+ofthetwo两者中较为……theolderofthetwo形容词修饰名词【典例】【2022全国乙卷】Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha___________(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.【形容词修饰名词提分秘籍】1．多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。它们的顺序是：限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)＋数词(序数词＋基数词)＋描绘性形容词(nice，good，interesting，beautiful...)＋特征形容词(大小、长短、高低＋形状＋年龄、新旧)＋颜色形容词＋国籍、出处＋物质、材料＋用途、类别＋中心名词。我们可以用下面的一段顺口溜帮助记忆：限数描、大长高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。在实际运用中，很少会同时出现这么多修饰词，但我们必须记住以上规则。此外，还应当多阅读，多体会，以增强语感。如：anotherthreeEnglishbooks另外三本英语书；alltheselastfewdays最近的这些日子；abeautifulwhiteChinesemilitaryjeep一辆漂亮的白色中国军用吉普车形容词作定语时，我们尤其要记住下列两种特殊结构：(1)so/how/as/too/that＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数名词(2)rather/quite/what/such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数名词2．形容词作定语后置的几种情况(1)当形容词修饰由some，any，no，every构成的复合词，如something，anything，nothing等时形容词须后置。如：Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?今天的报纸上有什么新的东西吗？(2)当“形容词＋介词/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。如：Thereisabagfullofriceonhistable.他的桌上有满满一袋米。(3)当两个意义相反的形容词用both...and...，and，or或so连接在一起作定语时。如：Peopleinthevillage,youngandold,menandwomenarefondofsinginganddancing.村里的男女老幼都喜爱唱歌跳舞。(4)当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。如：Thepeasantsdugawellaboutfiftymetresdeep.农民们挖了一口约五十米深的井。(5)有些表语形容词作定语。如afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，ashamed，worth等。如：Tomwastheonlyboyawakeatthattime.汤姆是那时唯一醒着的男孩。形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobodyabsent,everythingpossible以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后thebestbookavailable,theonlysolutionpossiblealive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith形容词和副词的辨析【典例】【2022全国甲卷】Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore___________(meaning).【形容词和副词的辨析提分秘籍】1．形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看作是“being＋形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开①Helayinbed，wideawake.他躺在床上，完全清醒着。②Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.他上床睡觉，又冷又饿。2．副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾Fortunately，heescapedfromthefire.他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。3．有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加­ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同不带­ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念(也就是词的本义)；加­ly的往往表示的是抽象概念(也就是词的引申义)。close接近(指距离)→closely仔细地，密切地；free免费→freely自由地，自如地；deep深地→deeply深刻地，深入地；hard努力地→hardly几乎不；wide充分(张开)地，宽阔地→widely广泛地；high高地→highly高度地，非常；late迟，晚→lately最近，近来；near邻近地→nearly几乎；most最→mostly主要地。如：Hejumpedthathighinthesportsmeetinginourschoolandishighlythoughtofbyhisclassmates.他在我们运动会上跳得那么高，赢得了他的同学们的高度赞扬。一般说来，形容词＋­ly构成的是副词，如：deeply，highly，widely等；名词＋­ly构成的是形容词或名词，如：friendly，brotherly，lovely，weekly，monthly等。4．rather，very，quite，fairly的区别(1)rather常用于不愉快的场合，用来修饰贬义的形容词或副词，如bad，poor，badly等；fairly常用于较愉快的场合，用来修饰表示赞美的褒义形容词或副词，如nice，well，clever等。如：Sheisfairlyclever,butdoesratherbadlyinherlessons.她很聪明，但功课相当差。(2)如果修饰中性的形容词或副词，如easy，fast，thin等，fairly表示肯定概念，即说话人的态度是赞美的、满意的；而rather表示否定概念，即说话人是不满意的。如：①Thesoupisfairlyhot.这汤还算热。(表示喜欢热汤)②Thesoupisratherhot.这汤太烫了。(表示讨厌太烫的汤)rather可用在similar，different，too以及介词like，形容词、副词的比较级之前，也可修饰动词，而fairly，quite则不能，但可以说quitebetter。如：今天比昨天暖和得多。[误]Itisfairlywarmertodaythanyesterday.[正]Itisratherwarmertodaythanyesterday.(3)quite表示的程度比fairly深，表示主观看法，可理解为“十分”。如：Thenewsisquiteamazing.这消息十分惊人。(4)fairly只能用在不定冠词之后；而quite和rather位于不定冠词前、后皆可。如：Thisisafairlyheavy/ratheraheavy/aratherheavy/aquiteheavy/quiteaheavyjobforus.对我们来说，这真是一项相当繁重的工作。另外，rather有时跟褒义词尤其是表示“好”的词连用时，强调被修饰词的程度，可与fairly，quite互换。如：YourEnglishisrather/fairly/quitegood.你的英语相当好。在高考试题中，经常会考查形容词同义词和副词同义词的辨析，所以我们在学习中要注意它们在不同语句中的用法差异。以下是常见的几组同义词：alone，lonely；calm,quiet,silent,still;older,elder;farther,further;fast，quick,soon,rapid;living,alive,live,lively;real,true;high，tall;ill,sick;likely,possible,probable;nomorethan,notmorethan;nolessthan,notlessthan;toomuch,muchtoo；yet,still;nolonger,nomore;almost,nearly；just,very。（2022新高考I卷）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and__________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.（2022全国甲卷）Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore___________(meaning).（2022全国甲卷）andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s_________(high)mountain.（2022全国乙卷）“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe_________(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.（2022全国乙卷）Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha___________(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.（2022.1浙江卷语法填空）Forexample.60

(rough)

200academics-manyofthemclimatescientistshavepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossible

sincetheeffortstartedtwoyears

ago.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill

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(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!（2021.6新高考二卷）Itoldhimhow____41____(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.（2021.6新高考二卷）Iwasso____42____(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.（2021.6新高考1卷语法填空）Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingus

5

(astonish).（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

watchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir

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(day)routines.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）Afterspendingsometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhat

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(good)thantorideonapieceofhistory!（2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Provide

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(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.（2021.6浙江卷语法填空）Whenthehousewasbuilt,itwasmuch

4

(small)thanitistoday.（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed

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(sharp).（2021.1浙江卷语法填空）Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople

livinginthecountryside,including

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(low)levelsofineandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.（2021.6全国乙卷语法填空）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobee

1

(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe

developmentofthelocalareas.（2020·新课标=1\*ROMANI卷语法填空）Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.（2020·新课标=1\*ROMANI卷语法填空）Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.（2020·新课标=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空）Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.66(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.（2020·新课标=2\*ROMANII卷语法填空）The69(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.（2020·新课标=3\*ROMANIII卷语法填空）Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheir62．(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.（2020·新课标=3\*ROMANIII卷语法填空）Asthesmallboatmoved,68．(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.（2020·山东卷语法填空）Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36．(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___62___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Heryearsofhardworkhave___63___(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining___61___hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketoget(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.（2019·新课标=1\*ROMANI卷·语法填空）Scientistshaverespondedby__noting__(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare___68___(high)thantheyactuallyare.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Atasteformeatis___63___(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal___67___(globe)fertilizerconsumption.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】Hescreamsthe___63___(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardme.【201·浙江卷·语法填空】Therecouldbeaneven63(high)costonyourhealth.（2022·云南·一模）ItwillalsoenableLaobusinessesto___17___(well)fitintoregionalandglobalsupplychains.（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级一模TheShanghaiContemporaryHandwritingAcademyhasbeenestablishedtogiveyoungpeopleachancetolearnaboutthe“ancient”skillsofusingpenandinktomunicate,but,more____1____(important),tolearnhowtothink.（2022·云南·一模）Itwillnotonlybenefitthetwopeoples,butalso___13___(significant)improveregionalconnectivity.（2022·陕西省榆林二模）Thephrase____21____(apparent)tracesitsoriginstoapostearlierthisyearinanonlineforumrunbytheChinesesearchgiantBaidu.（2022·河南·模拟预测）However,withhugeamountsofwatertouse,itraiseddifferent___48___(environment)concerns.（2022·重庆·一模）Chineseworkersoncedemonstratedtheirgreatefficiencyin2018.___51___(incredible),around1,500workersspentjustninehourspletingtheconstructionofanewtrainstationinFujianProvince,southernChina.（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T10）Worriedabout____10____(globe)warming?Youshouldbe.（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T6）SinceIhadafearofneedles,Iwas___6___(willing)totakehisadvice.ButbythistimeIwassotiredthatIwaspreparedtotryalmostanything.（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T10）Hetheninsertedaneedleinmyrightfootbetweenmyfirstandsecondtoe,and,despitemyanxiety,Ifellasleep___10___(immediate).AtthetimeIconsideredthewholeexperiencetobeclosetoamiracle.（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T5）Afocusonqualitywouldmakeuslikelytopay______5______(much)forbetter-madeitems,whichwouldreducethedesiretokeepshopping,whileslowingdemandforfastfashionoverall.（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T9）Thesamegoesfor____9____(nature)fibers;…【湖南省长沙市2021届高三三调】Anysmallobjectscanjoghismemory，socarefullyreplaceanyphotos，diariesoranyother______(person)objectsorpresentswithnewitems.【湖南省长沙市2021届高三三调】Tellsome______(amuse)storiesortalkaboutimportantandhappyeventsinyourfriend'slifesuchasanewnepheworaworkpromotion.【湖南省长沙市2021届高三三调】Itwillbeoftenalongtimebeforeyourfriendfullyremovesthatmemory，sodon'tbe______(disappoint)ifitdoesn'thappenimmediately.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】AtopofficialtoldXinhua.“Giventhedifficultiesexperiencedthisyear,theprogressbeingmadebyBeijing2022hasbeen______(usual).【福建省福州2021届高三调研】MostofChen'scolleaguesaremaleandspend______(much)timewiththeelephantsthanwiththeirownchildren.【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】InChina,alargenumberofpeopletakethesportofpigeonracingvery______(serious).【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】Theamount,however,isfar______(little)thanhe$30,600hespendsonhis500pigeonseachyear.【湖北省孝感高级2021届高三调研】AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalChildDevelopment,bestfriendslikelyhada______(significance)influenceonhowyoubehaveinyour20s.【湖北省孝感高级2021届高三调研】Theyfoundthat,paredtopeoplewithstronghighschoolfriendships,thosewhoweremerelypopulardidmuch______(bad)onseveralmeasuresofmentalhealth,suchasself-worth,socialacceptanceandrelaxation.【湖北省武汉外国语2021届高三调研】Sothousandsof______(terrify)peoplediedwhentherewasanoutbrea