非谓语动词考点分析

非谓语动词考点分析一．非谓语动词的基本特征：非谓语动词有动名词，不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种，不能单独作谓语。非谓语动词的特点有：1.保留动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语，状语；典型例题:Don'tforget_______thewindowbeforeleavingtheroom.答案(B)A.tohaveclosedB.tocloseC.havingclosedD.closing2.有时态语态意义的变化；非谓语动词时态意义语态意义不定式将来主动todo被动tobedone-ing分词进行主动doing被动beingdone-ed分词完成被动Abridgebeingbuiltnow进行被动---正在修建的桥Abridgetobebuiltnextyear将来被动----明年修建的桥Abridgebuilttwoyearsago完成被动----两年前修建的桥典型例题:I'dlove________toyourpartylastFridayifnotbecauseofunexpectedguests.答案(D)A.togoB.goingC.havinggoneD.tohavegone典型例题:Theywilldosomethingtomakesurethatpeoplewillnotworryabouthavingtheircars_______again.答案(D)A.stealB.tostealC.stealingD.stolen3.还有非动词的特征，相当于名词和形容词；Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。典型例题:_______tiredafteraday'swork,shefellintobedandwentstraighttosleep.答案(B)A.FeltB.FeelingC.BeingfeltD.Tofeel4.非谓语动词的否定式均在前面加not。Nothavingbeentherebefore,hegotlostsoon.典型例题:Aliceregretted_____toJohn'sbirthdaypartylastSunday.答案(A)A.notgoingB.nottogoC.nothavingbeengoingD.nottobegoing典型例题:Sheapologizedfor__________toattendthebirthdayparty.答案(B)A.herbeingnotableB.hernotbeingableC.hernottobeableD.hertobenotable5.非谓语动词作定语时的位置问题：不定式作后置定语，（2）动名词作前置定语，（3）一般情况下单个分词作前置定语，分词短语作后置定语。例如： Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend. Thisisasleepingcar. Ourcountryisadevelopingcountry. Thecarranalongtheroadcoveredwithsnow.二．关于不定式的时态和语态1.时态\语态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing1)现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI'llseeyouagain.我希望再见到你。2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.3)进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。Heseemstobeeatingsomething.4)完成进行时：Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.2.动词不定式考点1)作主语：不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如：Itisgoodtohelpothers.帮助他人是件好事。ItisexcitingtosurftheInternet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。典型例题:Itisnoteasy_______theanswertothisproblem.答案(A)A.tofigureoutB.figuringoutC.figureoutD.beingfiguredout典型例题:Itseemsverydifficult_______.答案(C)A.tostopthechildtocryB.restrainingthechildtocryC.tokeepthechildfromcryingD.holdingthechild'scrying2)作宾语：典型例题:Idon'tknow_______todealwithsuchmatter.答案(B)A.whatB.howC.whichD./典型例题:I'veworkedwithforeignexpertsbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.答案(B)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3)作定语：典型例题:I'mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything________?答案(B)A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought4)作状语：典型例题:Helenhadtoshout_______abovethesoundofthemusic.答案(D)A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard典型例题:Sendhimtothebaker's______thebread.答案(A)A.tobuyB.inorderhebuy C.fortobuy D.forbuying5)作主语补足语或宾语补足语：典型例题:Jimmywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_________.答案(A)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto典型例题:Noneofthemtellsus________,soweneedyourhelp.答案(C)A.howshouldwedoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit典型例题:Alexissaid________abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.答案(A)A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying6)是否保留不定式符号"to"以及特殊语言结构中的不定式形式：(1)在make;let;have;see;hear;watch;notice;feel等使役动词和感觉动词后面的复合宾语中，不定式都不带to，但用在被动式中不定式前面都要加to。例如：Theymadehimstandstill.=Hewasmadetostandstill.之就用过去分词。(Being)usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。五．With的复合结构表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构，即：with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例:Hestoodthere,hishandraised.=Hestoodthere,withhishandraise.典型例题1)Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied答案D.with+名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.2)Weather___,we'llgooutforawalk.ApermittedBpermittingCpermitsDforpermitting答案B.本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为Ifweatherpermits,we'llgooutforawalk.然后将if去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。跟踪练习：1.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif_______whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.答案(D)A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee2.Therearetenwaiting-roomsatthestation,________inall5,000people.答案(D)A.satB.sittingC.seatedD.seating3.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspentupto25hoursaweek________TV.答案(C)A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch4.IcertainlytriedtoexplainhisideasbutIamstillataloss_________hispoints.答案(D)A.andsee B.forseeingC.tosee D.seeing5.While______yourimagination,youshouldbealoneandcompletelyundisturbed.答案(A)A.exercising B.exercisesC.toexerciseD.exercised6.Doyoufeellike_______today?答案(B)A.havingsomethingspecialeatenB.havingsomethingspecialtoeatC.tohavesomethingspecialeatenD.tohavesomethingspecialtoeat7.________bythelookonhisface,hedidn'tcatchwhatIreallymeant.答案(B)A.JudgingB.JudgedC.JudgeD.Tojudge8.Theretiredmanisusedto_____histwodogsearlyinthemorning.答案(B)A.exerciseB.exercisingC.exercisedD.exercises9.Wewelcomeourteachers______atthegateofourschool.答案(A)A.withflowersinourhands B.carryflowersinourhandsC.flowersinourhands D.wecarryflowersinourhands10.Theparents,_____poor,couldnotbuyapresentfortheironlychild.答案(C)A.areB.wereC.beingD.been11.Althoughpunctualhimself,theprofessorwasquiteused________lateforhislecture.答案(B)A.tohavestudentsB.tostudents'being C.forstudentstobe D.forstudentsbeing12.Wewatchedtheplane_________behindtheclouds.答案(D)A.isdisappearingB.disappearedC.beingdisappearedD.disappearing13.Everyorganismproduceswasteproductsnolongerusefultoitselfandwhich___toaccumulatewouldinfactbeharmful.答案(D)A.iftheyallowedB.ifwereallowedC.ifwasallowsD.ifallowed14.Thespeakerfoundithardtomakehimself________.答案(D)A.tounderstandB.understandingC.tobeunderstoodD.understood15.Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously________nopointinstaying.答案(B)A.wereB.beingC.tobeD.having16.__fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.答案(C)A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsuffered17.Hemissed________thelecturegivenbyTom.答案(B)A.tohaveattendedB.attending C.toattend D.attendance18.Everynewthoughtorideahasto________whenwealreadyknow.答案(C)A.beconnectwithB.beconnectedC.beconnectedtoD.beconnectingto19.Wouldyoumind______earliernexttime?答案(C)A.tocomeB.havecomeC.comingD.wouldcome20.______,Newtonwasthinkingandthinking.答案(D)A.HeliedundertheappletreeB.LayingundertheappletreeC.HelaidundertheappletreeD.Lyingundertheappletree21.Doyouknow________inEnglish?答案(B)A.howsayitB.howtosayitC.howsayingitD.howtosayingit22.______,theyimmediatelyleftthehouse.答案(B)A.BeingheardthenoiseB.HearingthenoiseC.TheyheardthenoiseD.Theywerehearingthenoise23.SamuelClemens,______asMarkTwain,wasoneofthemostfamousAmericanwriters.答案(C)A.toknowB.tobeknownC.knownD.knowing24._______hisletter,acampaignagainst"whitepollution"hasbeenundertakeninhishometown.答案(C)A.JudgebyB.JudgesfromC.JudgingfromD.Judgefrom25.________theirworkswillgiveusamuchbetterfeelforth