非谓语动词图表

PAGEPAGE4非谓语在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）逻辑主语与真正主语真正主语：谓语动作发出者，即真正主语。逻辑主语：非谓语动作的发出者或者承受者。构成非谓语动词句型的首要条件：逻辑主语与真正主语一致。Toacquireknowledge,youmuststudy解析：条件：此句真正主语：you逻辑主语：you主语一致。结论：可构成非谓语句型非谓语使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下Shegotoffthebusbutleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较功能种类主宾表定状补不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√分词√√√√非谓语动词做主语的区别：区别举例不定式不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。TovisitChinaismynextgoal.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.动名词动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;Climbingmountainsisgreatfun.It’sniceseeingyouagain.1.________alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Beinglearned2.Itisnotalwayseasy________invitations.A.torefuseB.refusingC.toberefused D.beingrefused3.How__________theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.A.tosolve B.tobesolvedC.beingsolved D.solving4.It__________forty-fiveminutes__________therebybus.A.cost,toget B.takes,gettingC.takes,toget D.takes,togetto5.Itisnogood__________.Youshouldgive_________. A.tosmoke,itup B.smoking,itupC.smoking,upit D.tosmoke,upit 做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词agree(同意),ask(请、要),attempt(试图),afford付得起agree同意ask要求apply申请care(想要),choose(决定、要),decide(决定),desire(希望),determine(决心),help帮助expect(期望),fail(未能),hope(希望),intend(打算),learn(学习),manage(设法),offer(愿意),plan(计划、打算),pretend(假装),refuse(拒绝、谢绝),wish(希望),promise(答应)，want（想要）等等。只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语admit承认advise建议allow允许appreciate感激avoid避免consider考虑delay推迟deny否认discuss讨论dislike不喜欢enjoy喜爱escape逃脱excuse原谅fancy设想finish完成forbid禁止forgive原谅giveup放弃imagine想象keep保持mention提及mind介意miss没赶上pardon原谅permit允许practice练习prevent阻止prohibit禁止putoff推迟risk冒险stop停止suggest建议beaddictedto沉溺于；对…上瘾devoteoneselftodoingsth./bedevotedto

献身于做某事/专心致力于做某事把…

beequaltodoingsth等于做某事，能胜任做某事

objecttodoingsth反对做某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事

beusedtodoingsth/

beaccustomedtodoing习惯于做某事

getdowntodoingsth开始做某事，认真处理某事

lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事

makecontributionsto对…作贡献A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written5.Atpresent,Englishisthemainsubject___________here.A.tobetaughtB.beingtaughtC.teachingD.tobeteaching6."Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner?""Agroup_______itselftheLeagueforpeace."A.callingB.callsC.calledD.iscalled7.Thepen__________belongstome.A.whichitisonthetableB.lyingonthetableC.isonthetableD.whichonthetable非谓语动词做状语的区别：与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式可表示目的，结果，原因。Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.Wearegladtohearthenews.现在分词现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间是主动关系。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.过去分词过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.1.Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbeverysorry__________.A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.left2.Iwenttoseehim__________himout.A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.onlyfound3.__________thecryforhelp,peopleimmediatelyrushedoutoftherooms.A.TohearB.HearingC.HavingheardD.Theyhearing4.__________Hello,hereachedouthishand.A.SaidB.SayingC.TalkedaboutD.Talkingto5._________fromthetallestbuilding,thewholecitylooksverybeautiful.A.SeeB.SawC.SeeingD.Seen6.___________thepast,ourlifeismuchbetter.A.ComparingwithB.BecomparedwithC.TocomparewithD.Comparedwith非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成。Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make现在分词notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.1.ThedoctoradvisedLaoLi__________morerest.A.thathegetB.togetC.wouldgetD.get2.Soontheysawtheboy_________inthecrowd.A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearsD.disappeared3.Birdsareseldomheard__________atnight.A.singB.singingC.tosingD.tobesinging4.Hekeptme__________formanyhours.A.towaitB.havingbeenwaitedC.waitingD.waited5.Mothercaughttheboy__________inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.beingsmoked6.HavingreadtheEmperor'sNewClothes,weallfoundit___.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.tointerest7.Ineedthischapter__________beforetomorrow.A.rewritingB.rewrittenC.rewriteD.towriteagain8.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething__________.A.tostealB.losingC.missedD.stolen9.Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldnotmakehimself_________.A.beingheardB.heardC.hearingD.hear非谓语动词的时态和语态：不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式TodoTobedone动作发生在谓语动作之后进行式Tobedoing与谓语动作同时发生完成式TohavedoneTohavebeendone动作发生在谓语动作之前动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeingdone与谓语动作同时发生完成式HavingdoingHavingbeendone动作发生在谓语动作之前现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeingdone与谓语动作同时发生完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendone动作发生在谓语动作之前1.aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.

A.HavingshownB.Tobeshown

C.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow2.【2012重庆】______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.

A.HavingbeenaskedB.Toask

C.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked3.【2008福建】___inthequeenforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedbehadleftthechequeinthecar.

A.WaitingB.Towait

C.HavingWaitedD.Tohavewaited4.Mysonpretended_______whenIcameback.

A.tosleepB.sleeping

C.beingsleeping D.tobesleeping5.【2011上海】Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…,butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.

A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost6.Whoistheman____now?

A.operatingonB.operatedon

C.beingoperatedonD.tobeoperatedon7.Thequestion______nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion______yesterday.

A.discussed;discussed

B.discussing;haddiscussed

C.beingdiscussed;discussed

D.discussing;discussing8.Weasked___toworkinthecountryside.

A.tobesentB.tosend

C.tobesendingD.sending9._______aletter,hedecidedtosendatelegram.

A.NotreceivingB.Receivingnot

C.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived10Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.

A.notmakeB.nottomake

C.notmakingD.donotmake独立主格结构1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Weather

permitting,

we

are

going

to

visit

you

tomorrow

The

test

finished,

we

began

our

holiday.

Withalotofthingstodo,heisquitebusy.

Withthosenoisesupstairs,Icouldn’tgotosleep.

1.WithallthemagazinesIneeded____,Ileftthepostoffice.

A.buyingB.tobuyC.boughtD.tobebought2.Withelectricity___,wecouldn’tdrivethemachine.

A.wascutoffB.beingcutoff

C.cutoffD.havingcutoff3.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork________,hegladlyacceptedit.

A．finishedB．finishing

C．havingfinishedD．wasfinished4.Everything___intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtot