主题阅读04 人居环境(原卷版)-【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英语素养提升专练之主题阅读系列(全国通用)

优点英语【暑假提能】2021年暑假新高二英语素养提升专练之主题阅读系列(全国通用)主题阅读04人居环境1Companiesemployingworkersallhopetokeeptheworkplacesafe.Job-relatedinjuriesaresomethingthatresponsibleemployersavoid.Theytakethetimeandusecompanyresourcestomakesurethatthepeoplewhocometoworkeachdayaresafe.Notonlydoesthismakegoodsensefromamoralstandpoint,butitalsomakesgoodfinancialsense.Ifaworkerisinjuredonthejob,itcoststhecompanyintermsoflostmanhours,increasedinsurancecosts,workers'compensationpremiums(赔偿金),andlegalcosts.Productivityislostwhenotherworkershavetostopdoingtheirjobstodealwiththesituation.Evenaftertheinjuredworkerhasbeensenthomeortakentohospital,otheremployeesmaybeunfocusedorneedtotaketimeofffromworkintheresultoftheincident.Whenaworkplaceissafe,workersfeelmorecomfortableandconfidentwhentheyareinthatenvironment.Productivitygetsapromotion,andprofitsfollowsuit.Absencealsodropswhenemployerstakestepstocarryoutaneffectivesafetyprogram.Investinginagoodsafetyprogrambringswithitotherbenefitstoo.Whenemployeesfeelsafeintheworkplaceandabsenceratesarekeptdown,theycanfocusonservingthecompany'scustomersproperly.Manycompaniesofferproductsorservicesthataresimilartothosethatothercompaniescarryorprovide.Customerswilldecidewhichcompaniestheywanttodealwithbasedonwhichonetheyfeelprovidesthebestcustomerservice.Increasedabsencemeanslongerwaittimesandcustomersarequitepreparedtomoveontoanothercompanytheyfeelwillbeabletohelptheminamoretimelymanneriftheyarenotgettingthelevelofattentionthattheydeserve.Everyoneintheworkplacehasadutyandaresponsibilitytodowhatevertheycantokeeptheworkingenvironmentsafe.Managersshoulddealwithemployeeconcernsaboutsafetyissuesinanappropriatemanner.1.Whatbadeffectdoesanincidenthaveaccordingtothetext?A.Thecompanymayclosedown.B.Workersmaybehardtoconcentrate.C.Thequalityofproductsmaydecline.D.Workersmayrefusetoworkagain.2.Whatdoweknowaboutthesafeworkplacefromparagraph4?A.Itcaninspireworkers'creativity.B.Itcanbringworkersahigherpay.C.Itcanputanendtoworkers,absence.D.Itcanbringtheemployermoremoney.3.Onwhatconditionwillthecustomersmoveontoanothercompanyaccordingtothetext?A.Iftheycan'tgetasaferproduct.B.Iftheyhavetowaitforalongtimetogetdeservedattention.C.Iftheyfeelthecompanycan'tprovideasaferworkplaceforthem.D.Iftheyfindthecompanyprovidesthesameproductsasothersoffer.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.HowtoCreateaSaferWorkplaceB.HowEmployeesCanProtectThemselvesC.WhySafetyIsImportantintheWorkplaceD.CompaniesAreEnsuringEmployees'Safety2Nearly50millionAmericansspendatleast20%oftheirtimeworkinginofficesettings.Officeworkersruntheriskofwork-relatedillnessandstress.PsychologicalscientistCaseyLindbergandhisco-workerswereinterestedinexamininghowdifferenttypesofofficeenvironmentsarerelatedtoemployees'short-termhealthoutcomesandwell-being.Takingadvantageofdigitaltools,Lindbergequipped231employeesinaUSgovernmentagencywithactivitytrackersover3daysand2nights.Participantsalsodownloadedamood-monitoringappontheirsmartphonesthatquizzedthemabouttheirmoodsatdifferenttimethroughouttheday,bothatworkandathome.TheparticipantscomefromavarietyofpositionsworkinginfourdifferentofficebuildingsChoosingawiderangeofworkersandofficetypeswasimportanttotheresearchersbecauseitmeanttheirfindingscouldwidelyapplytomanytypesofworkersoutsideoftheagency.Thestudyproducedsomeresultsthatfellinlinewithpreviousfindings:Thoseemployeeswhoworkedmainlyoncomputersmovedaroundduringthedaylessthanthosewhodidn'tworkcomputer-basedjobs.Olderworkersandthosewithhigherbody-massindices(BMI)werelessactivethantheiryounger,lower-BMIcolleagues.Theresearchersalsofoundsomethingtheyhadnotexpected.Peopleworkingatlongopentableswere20%moreactivethanwerecubicleworkers,and32%moreactivethanwerepeoplewhoworkedintheirownoffices.“Itispossiblethattheopennatureofaspaceleadstoincreasedphysicalactivitybyencouragingcommunicationandmovementwhenemployeesareavailable,”Lindbergexplained.Besides,cubicle-andoffice-boundemployeeshadhigherlevelofstressbothatworkandathomeafterwork,whichcouldbecausedbyloweractivitylevels.Althoughemployeesgenerallyliketohavetheirownoffices,employersoftenprefertoconsolidateemployeestosavespaceandmoney.Soitseemsopenofficeshavealongwaytogo.5.Whatweretheparticipantsaskedtodointheexperiment?A.Tochangetheworkingpositions. B.Totestthestresslevelviaphones.C.Toworkindifferentofficesettings. D.Torecordmovementtrackandmood.6.Whichaspectofcompaniesislikelytobeinfluencedbytheresearchresult?A.Officedesign. B.Bonuspolicy. C.Workinghours. D.Locationchoice.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.OfficeWorkersSufferStressandIllnessB.OpenOfficesMakeEmployeesMoreActiveC.EmployersChangeTraditionalWorkingSettingsD.DifferentOfficeBuildingsProvideHealthBenefits3Servingonlyadults,RamseyHouseoffersyouprofessionalhotelstandardsofaccommodationandfoodservicecoupledwiththefriendly,relaxedatmosphereofahigh-classnon-smokingguesthouse.SituatedwithinwalkingdistanceofStDavid's,thesmallestcityinEurope,thehousestandsinitsownattractivegardensandhasprivateoff-roadparking.Intheoppositedirection,thereiseasyaccesstothePembrokeshireCoastPath.whereyoucanseesomeofBritain'smostspectacularcoastalscenerywithitsabundantbirdlifeandwildflowers.Wehavethreedoubleandthreetwinrooms.Eachisindividuallyfurnishedanddecoratedto4-starstandardwithcomfortablebeds,centralheating,remotecontrolcolorTV,hairdryersandplentyofmirrors.Alltheroomshaveamodern,well-liten-suitebathroomwithWC,shaversocketandelectricshower.Allfirst-floorroomshaveviewsofeitherthesea,theCathedraloropencountry,andtherearethreeground-floorroomswithgardenviews,idealforguestsunabletoclimbstairs.OurfullWelshbreakfastoffersyouagreatstarttothedaywithhomemadebread,cookiesandpreserves.WecanalsopreparefreshpicniclunchesforyourdayoutwalkingtheCoastPathoronthebeaches.ThereiscomfortableloungewithlotsofbooksandleafletsaboutPembrokeshiretohelpyouplanyourtrips.Weatherpermitting,guestsmayenjoythepeaceandquietofourgardensandwatchthebirdsfeeding.Drinksareservedinboththegardenandlounge.Wealsohavesecurebicyclestorage,adryingroomandlightlaundryfacilities.NearbyaresomeofthesafestandcleanestbeachesinEuropeofferingavarietyofwatersportsincludingsailing,surfing,wind-surfingandseaangling.VisitorsarewelcomeatSt.David'sCityGolfClubandseveralotherPembrokeshireclubs.WearealsoconvenientlysituatedforeasyaccesstothebirdsanctuaryislandsofRamsey,SkomerandSkokholm.AwarmwelcomeawaitsyouatRamseyHouseallyearround.Youwillfindittheidealtouringcenterinallseasons.HouseOwners:Ceri&ElaineMorgan014377202121.8.Accordingtothepassage,St.David'sisthenameof_________.A.aBed&Breakfasthotel B.theCoastPathC.aWelshtown D.RamseyHouse9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Guestsmaycometothishousebycarorbybikewithoutparkingproblems.B.GuestshavetoeattheirlunchesoutontheCoastPathorthebeaches.C.Guestsstayinginthelowest-levelroomshaveagoodviewofthesea.D.OntheCoastPathguestscanenjoywatersportsandplaygolf.10.Whichofthefollowingtouristsmaynotbeinterestedinthisad?A.Ana,awheelchairuser,whoenjoysholidaysbythecoast.B.AmarriedcouplewithtwoyoungchildrenshowinginterestinPenbrokeshire.C.Tony,aPh.Dgraduate,whoattachesgreatimportancetotravelsafety.D.Xavier,abird-watchingenthusiast,whoknowslittleaboutthelocalarea.4WhenJohnandVictoriaChurcharrivedinNewYorkfromLondonforone-yearstay,theybroughtnofurniturewiththem.Theyhadplannedeithertoliveinafurnishedapartmentortobuyusedfurniture.Buttheysoonlearnedaboutanewwayoffurnishinganapartmentorahousethatmoreandmorepeopleareusing.Therentingofhomefurnishing(furniture,dishes,andsoon)hasbecomeoneofAmerica’sfastestgrowingbusinesses.Whydopeoplerenttheirhomefurnishingsinsteadofbuyingthem?Manykindsofpeople:internationalbusinessmen,governmentofficials,airlineworkers,youngmarriedcouples…thepeoplewhosejoborbusinessmayforcethemtomovefrequentlyfromonecity(orcountry)toanother…findtheycanrentbetterqualityfurniturethantheycouldaffordtobuy.Youngpeoplewithlittlemoneydonotwanttobuycheapfurniturethattheywillsoongrowtodislike.Theyprefertowaituntiltheyhaveenoughmoneytobuyfurnituretheyreallylike.Meanwhile,theyrent.Andpeoplewhoseworktakesthemfromplacetoplacearesavedthetroubleandcostofmovingtheirfurnitureeachtime.Theysimplyrentnewfurniturewhentheyreachtheirnewhome.Onefamily,nowsettledinalarge,beautifulhome,likedtheirrentedfurnituresomuchthattheydecidedtokeeprentingitinsteadofbuyingnewthings.Buttheydon’tliketotellpeopleaboutit.Theideaofrentinghomefurnishingsisstillquitenew,andtheyarenotsurewhattheirneighborsmightthink.11.Whydopeoplerenttheirhomefurnishingsinsteadofbuyingthem?A.Theyhavetomovefrequentlyfromoneplacetoanotherbecauseoftheirwork.B.Youngpeoplearenotrichenoughtobuyfurnituretheyreallylike.C.Theycansavethetroubleandcostofmovingtheirfurniture.D.Alloftheabove.12.Whichofthefollowingpeoplelikerentingofhomefurnishings?A.Airhostesses. B.Doctors. C.Teachers. D.Lawyers.13.Whydoesn’tthefamilywhichmovedinalarge,beautifulhomewantpeopletoknowthis?A.Theydon’thavemoneytobuynewones.B.Theideaofrentinghomefurnishingsisstillquitenew.C.Theyaresuretheirneighborswillnotliketheirdoing.D.Theydon’twanttohavetheirneighborslookdownuponthem.14.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.RentorBuy B.YouCanDoWhateverYouLikeC.BetterNotBuy D.BetterNotRent5Mostcityparksareplaceswhereyoucanescapefrombig,uglystructuresofmetalandstone.TheManhattanHighLineisdifferent.Raised25feetabovetheground,thislargemetalstructureoncesupportedarailline.Thelineopenedin1934tobringtrainsdirectlyintofactories.Itwashardlyusedafterthe1960s,andmuchofitwastorndown.However,onepartremainedinaregionofManhattancalledChelsea.Chelseawasbecominghigh-classasrestaurants,artgalleriesandapartmentswerebuilt,buttheuglyrailwaystructureremainedasadeadweight.Everyoneknewthatatsometime,itwouldhavetoberemoved.ButtheHighLinewasnotdestroyed.Infact,nowtheoldraillineservesasoneofthemostpeacefulplacesinthecity,Itholdsanelevatedpark,withbeautifulgardensandgreatviewsofthecity.TheideatoturntheraillineintoaparkcamefromJoshuaDavidandRobertHammond.In1999,theyattendedameetingtodecidehowtodealwiththeHighLine.DavidandHammondweretheonlypeopleatthemeetinginterestedinsavingthehistoricalstructure.Lateron,whentheyaskedrailwayofficialstotakethemuptolookattheHighLine,theysawamileandahallofwildflowergrowinginthemiddleofthecity,andtheyrealizedthattheHighLinehadpotentialtobecomeapark.Therewasgrowinginterestinimprovingcitycenters,andsotheprojectquicklydevelopedandmoneyforconstructionwaseasilycollected.ThefirstpartoftheHighLineopenedin2009andimmediatelybecamepopularwithtouristsandlocalsalike.Eachpartoftheparkhasadifferentatmosphere.Someareasarelikebalconies(阳台)withwonderfulcityviews.Wheretheraillinegoesbetweenbuildings,treesarethicklyplaned.Othersectionshavewidelawns(草坪)andwalkwaysplanedwithwildflowers.Onlythefinalsectionremainsthewayithasbeenforthelastfiftyyears.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Closingatrainline. B.Improvingcitytransport.C.Protectionofculturalrelics. D.Anunlikelyplaceforapark.16.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“adeadweight”inparagraph1mean?A.somethingwithhistoricalinterestB.somethingwithpotentialtobebetterC.somethingwhichisadangertopeopleD.somethinguselesswhichslowsprogress.17.WhydidDavidandHammondoriginallywanttosavetheHighLine?A.Theywantedtoreopenthetrainline.B.Theythoughtithadhistoricalvalue.C.Theywereinterestedinimprovingthecity.D.Theythoughtitwouldbecomeagoodpark.18.WhywerepeopleeasilypersuadedbyDavidandHammond’sidea?A.Theywantedtomakecitiesnicerplaces.B.Theywantedtoseethewildflowers,too.C.Theyknewtheprojectwouldbringinmuchmoney.D.TheyrealizedtheHighLinewashistoricallyimportant.19.WhatcanwelearnabouttheHighLinefromthetext?A.Onlypartofthelineremains.B.Therailwaycompaniesstillusetheline.C.Itbegantobecomepopularinthe1960.D.ItwasdesignedbyDavidandHammond.6Likemostcouples,myhusbandandIdreamedofbecominghomeowners.Sure,apartmentlivingcomeswithitsownsetofadvantages—lesshousework,sharedcomfort,lesstocleanupandcarefor,andusuallycheaperrent.Asaresult,wedecidedtodowngradefromourneatfive-bedroom,2,700-square-foothouseonthewatertoathree-bedroom,1,369-square-footapartment,withtwokids.Oncewearrivedinournewapartment,weweresurprisedtofindthatthingsflowedrelativelysmoothly.Therewassomuchlesstokeepupwith—fewerfloorstomop,fewerwindowstoclean,fewerwallstowipe,etc.NowIthinkofourhomeasourlittleplayhouse,sinceit'smuchsmallerandeverythingisclosertogether.Thatalsomakesitsomucheasierformetokeepupwithasamom.Icollectlaundryallononefloorcomparingwithhavingtoclimbstairstothehouse'ssecondfloor!Inournewhome,weuselotsofshoeorganizersinsideofeveryclosetdoorformorethanjustshoes—babyitems,officeitems,andmedicines.Wealsohaveafunctionalroomthatservesasanofficeandgym.SincebothmyhusbandandIworkfromhome,werequireatleastoneroomtoshareasanofficewithfitnessequipmentfittedintoacorner.Whilemanypeoplechoosetodownsizeforfinancialreasons,thatactuallywasn'tafactorinourdecision.Wewantedtobeinalivelyareawithlike-mindedyoungfamilies.Thatwasourfirstpriority.Thoughwemaystillbuyanotherhouseinthisareaatsomepointdowntheline,fornow,we'rethrilledwiththeconceptofrentinganapartment.Letmeputitthisway:We’renotreallythe“handy”types,sobeingabletocallmaintenance(维修)foranyrepairsiswortheveryrentcoin!20.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Ouroldhousewasupgraded. B.Livinginahousehasadvantages.C.Ournewapartmentwasdownsized. D.Smallersizemeansmorehousework.21.Howdothecouplefeelaboutthenewapartment?A.Confused. B.Amazed. C.Tired. D.Challenged.22.Whydothecouplemakechangestotheirnewhome?A.Tobuilduptheirbody. B.Tocreateahomeoffice.C.Toenlargealltherooms. D.Tomakefulluseofspace.23.Whatisthecouple’sfirstconcernwhenmoving?A.Transportation. B.Neighbourhood.C.Repairwork. D.Money.7StopinforlunchatDrexell&Honeybee's15-tablerestaurantandyou'llfindamenufilledwithdown-homecooking:beefandpotatoes,chickenanddumplings,andmacandcheese.Whatyouwon'tfindonthemenu:prices.AtDrexell&Honeybee's,customerspaywhattheywant-orwhattheycan.Theyleavetheirmoneyinadonationboxnearthedoor.Theboxisbehindascreen(屏幕)thatseparatesitfromtherestoftheroom,soifyouc