人教版英语必修四新素养讲义Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour4SectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar动词­ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语1．(教材P18)Youmayfinditastonishing(astonish)thatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.(宾语补足语)2．(教材P18)Suchtrainingwasmoninacting(act)familiesatthistime，especiallywhenthefamilyinewasoftenuncertain.(定语)3．(教材P18)Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim—hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining(entertain)．(宾语补足语)4．(教材P18)Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarming(charm)character，thelittletramp，becameknownthroughouttheworld.(定语)5．(教材P18)Hewalkedaroundstifflycarryingawalking(walk)stick.(定语)6．(教材P18)Theactingissoconvincing(convince)thatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted.(表语)动词­ing形式作表语作表语的动词­ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving,interesting,encouraging,exciting,inspiring,boring,surprising,puzzling,amusing,astonishing...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。◆Theargumentisveryconvincing.这个论点很令人信服。◆Hisperformanceisveryentertaining,whichbringsusmuchpleasure.他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很大的乐趣。不定式和动词­ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词­ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。◆Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.＝Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。【即时演练1】——单句语法填空①Hisjobisveryboring(bore),buthehastodependonittosupporthisfamily.②Thisresultisverydisappointing(disappoint)andwedon’tknowwhattosay.③Itwasamazing(amaze)thathedidn’tkeephiswordasbefore.动词­ing形式作定语动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。1．动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。◆Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.阅览室里不准大声说话。◆Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.我们有一个游泳池。2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。◆Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.＝Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。◆Thegirlperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.＝Thegirlwhoisperformingonthestagehasagiftfordance.那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。◆Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。◆Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.地上满是落叶。◆I’mlookingforaroomtolivein.我正在找房子住。【即时演练2】——单句语法填空/一句多译①Grandmacameintomybedroomwithawalking(walk)stickinherhand.②Ican’tgowithyou,forIhavealotofworkto__do(do)．③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacallsaying(say)shewasshort­listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.④正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。→The__man__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.→The__man__who__is__speaking__to__the__teacher__is__our__monitor’s__father.动词­ing形式作宾语补足语动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词­ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等)＋sb.＋doingsth.(作宾补)。◆Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.我感觉有人站在我后面。◆Isawthelittleboycryingthere.我看到小男孩在那儿哭。2．表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have,let,keep,get,leave等)＋sb./sth.＋doingsth.(作宾补)。◆Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我们让火整夜燃烧着。◆Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。◆Becareful,oryou’llhaveyourhandshurt.当心，否则会弄伤手的。3．用于with复合结构中。◆Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththenoisegoingon.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。◆Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。【即时演练3】——单句语法填空①WhenIpassedbyhisoffice,Iheardhimsinging(sing)aChinesesong.②Whenthelittlegirlfoundsomanypeoplesurrounding(surround)her,shefeltverynervous.③WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomenarguing(argue).④Abeggarinragsstoodtherewithhiseyesstaring(stare)atthesteakontheplate.⑤Hehadthewallspainted(paint)thismorning.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．Thevillagerssawthefireburningbrightlyinthedistance.Whentheyhurriedthere,theyfoundsomehousesburnttothegroundalready.(burn)2．Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstanding(stand)attheentrance.3．Hisfatherpromisedtobuyhimaracing(race)carwhenhegraduatedfromcollege.4．Thewomanlooking(look)athermapisarelativeofmymother.5．Tomyjoy,studentsstudying(study)inthisschoolarefriendlytome.6．Wandering(wander)alongthestreet,Frederickcaughtsightofanoldfriend.7．YesterdayIrequestedElizabethto__give(give)mesomeadviceonmyEnglishstudy.8．Watchingthechildrenplaying(play)basketballexcitedlyontheplayground,Icouldn’thelpjoiningthem.9．Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhimlying(lie)onabench,withhiseyesfixed(fix)onakiteinthesky.10．Itwasareallyterrifying(terrify)experience.Afterwards,everybodywasveryshocked(shock)．eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．Theman’sjobisdealwithtourists’plaints.deal→dealing2．TomlefthischildrenwatchTVwhilehewascooking.watch→watching3．Thesatisfyingsmileonhisfacesuggeststhathehasgotthejob.satisfying→satisfied4．Youmayfinditsurprisedthatthelittlegirlcanspeaksixforeignlanguagesfluently.surprised→surprising5．Doyouknowtheyoungladysatinthemiddleofthefirstrow？sat→sittingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)语法与写作1．在“地球日”前的一周，我们就贴出大海报，号召我们学生为建立一个更加环保的地球而行动起来。AweekbeforeEarthDay,abigposterwasputuponcampus,calling__on__us__students__to__take__actionforagreenerearth.2．鸟儿在树上歌唱，满眼绿色，我感到既快乐又放松。With__birds__singing__in__the__treeandeverythingsogreen,Ifeelverydelightedandrelaxed.3．我们白天不应该开着灯。Weshouldn’tkeep__our__lights__burningintheday.4．让他不高兴的是他把他最喜欢的自行车丢了。Whathasmadehimunhappyislosing__his__favourite__bike．5．很多学生不喜欢那些无聊到让人想睡着的演讲。Manystudentsdon’tlikethoseboring__speecheswhichmakethemfallasleep.6．安德鲁喜欢看窗外一列列驶过的火车。Andrewlikeswatching__the__trains__going__byfromthewindow.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．Shewasaninspiring(inspire)teacherandagiftedscientisttoherfollowers.2．Denny,doyouknowthegirlreading(read)Alice’sAdventuresinWonderlandoverthere?3．Theresearchersfinditsurprising(surprise)thatthewordsarestillclearenoughtoreadafter2，000years.4．Nickisworriedthathecan’tgetpromoted,butIthinkit’ssillyto__worryaboutthingswhichareoutofhiscontrol.(worry)5．Isawseveralchildrenmaking(make)abigsnowmanintheyardwhenIpassedby.6．Iwaslisteningtoanamusing(amuse)programmeontheradio,whichmademelaughout.7．Theshockingnewsthathediedlastnightmadeeveryonedeeplyshocked．(shock)8．Themansayspleasing(please)customersisoneofthebestwaysbusinessshouldfollow.9．Hecameintotheofficewithadepressed(depress)lookbecauseoflosinghispurseinthemorning.10．Withtheloveofherparentssurrounding(surround)her,shefeltveryhappy.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解Childrenexperienceadvertisinginmanyforms—onTV,radio,magazines,newspapers,movies,theInternet,textmessages,socialmedia(媒体)andmore.Andadvertisingworksonchildren.Forexample,themoreTVachildwatches,themoretoysthatchildislikelytowantandaskfor.Thisiswhyit’simportantforchildrentolearnthatadvertisementsaretryingtomakepeoplepurchasesomething.Andadvertisersalwaysaimtomaketheirproductslookgood,perhapsevenbetterthantheyreallyare.Advertisingaffectschildrenindifferentways.Howchildrenthinkofadvertisingcandependonseveralthings,includingtheirage,whattheyknoworhaveexperienced.At0－2years,childrencan’ttellthedifferencebetweenadvertisingandactualprograms.At3－6years,childrencanrecognizeadvertisementsandtellthemfromprograms,buttheydon’tunderstandthatadsaretryingtosellsomething.Andtheyarelikelytothinkofadvertisementsasbeingfunny.At7－11years,whenchildrengotoprimaryschool,theycanunderstandthatadvertisementsaretryingtosellthemsomething,rememberadvertisingmessagesandrecognizesomeadvertisingtechniques(策略)likeadvertisementsoverstating(夸大)howgoodproductsare.However,theymightnotalwaysunderstandthatproductsaren’tasgoodasadvertisementssaytheyare,orthatadvertisersmightnotbetellingthemanyoftheproducts’badpoints.Tolimittheeffectsofadvertisingonschool­agechildren,themostimportantthingparentscandoistalkaboutadvertisementsandencouragetheirchildrentothinkaboutwhatthey’retryingtodo.It’sagoodideatofocusontheadvertisementsthatachildseesmostoften.Forexample,parentscangettheirchildrenthinkinganddevelopingaquestioningattitude.Inotherwords,what’stheproductinthisadvertisement?Whatisitfor?Whoisitfor?Theycanalsoasktheirchildrenaboutthetechniquesthatarebeingusedtosellaproduct.Thiscanhelpthemworkouthowanadvertisementmakesitsproductlookgood.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子们对广告的认知以及如何引导孩子正确看待广告。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“purchase”inParagraph1mean?A．Watch. B．Say.C．Buy. D．Discuss.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的Forexample,themoreTVachild...wantandaskfor.可知，孩子们电视看得越多，想要买的东西越多，那么作为父母应该让孩子们知道广告的目的就是说服人们“购买”东西。2．Whatdochildrenaged0－2thinkofadvertisements?A．Theyareprettyfunny.B．Theyaretryingtoselltoys.C．Theyarebeingshowninmanyways.D．Theyarenodifferentfromotherprograms.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段At0－2years,childrencan’ttell...actualprograms.可知，0－2岁的孩子认为广告和其他节目没有区别。3．Atwhatagecanchildrenknowadvertisementsarenottellingthetruth?A．2. B．3.C．5. D．8.D解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的recognizesomeadvertisingtechniques(策略)．..goodproductsare可知，7－11岁的孩子逐渐能够判断出广告中的内容有夸大成分，并非全部属实。4．Howcanparentslimittheinfluenceofadvertisingontheirchildren?A．Byguidingthemtoseethroughadvertisements.B．Byteachingthemhowtorunadvertisements.C．Bybuyingadvertisedproductsandparingthem.D．Bytalkingaboutthemostsuccessfuladvertisements.A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Forexample,parentscangettheirchildren...Whoisitfor？可知，父母要引导孩子看清广告的真相。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Iliveinahousewithabeautifulviewofhillsandourlittletown.WhenI__1__here24yearsagothemannextdoorwasbuildinga__2__inhisbackyardandIcould__3__himfrommywindow.Hewasbuildingitalone.Ienjoyedwatchingthe__4__oftheboatandIgottoknowmy__5__，Charles.Itturnedoutthiswashis__6__boat;hehadbuiltaslightlysmallerwoodensailboatbuthadsolditbeforeeversailingithimself.ItwasabeautifulboatbutCharles__7__togetonwiththebiggersteel(钢)boat.Charlesdidthingsverycarefullyandwouldnotbe__8__tofinishanypartoftheboat.Hehandcrafted(手工制造)it,piecebypiece.__9__，withthepassingyears,Charles’s__10__begantoworsen.Andworkontheboatprogressedevenslowly.Thenhewasinabadcaraccidentwhichlefthimwithasore(疼痛的)backandthat__11__himevenmore.Althoughwedidn’t__12__it,Iknowhereachedapointatwhichherealizedhewouldneverbeableto__13__theboat.Hehadbeenworkingonitalmostdailyfor25yearsbuthecouldn’t__14__．Fortunately,Charleswasableto__15__theboatandtheotherdayIlookedoutthewindowandthebigboatwas__16__.Ihaven’ttalkedtoCharlessincetheboatwastakenaway.Itwasagreat__17__tomoveitandIsawCharlesouttherehelpingashewatchedhis__18__，onethatconsumed(消耗)somuchofhislife,headofftoitsnewowner.I’msureheisbothrelievedthattheboatisnolongerintheyardtomakehim__19__thathecouldn’tpleteitand__20__thatahugepartofhislifeisnolongerthere.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的邻居查尔斯二十五年间一丝不苟，亲自铸造一艘钢制帆船的故事。1．A.passed B．leftC．moved D．searchedC解析：根据上文中的Iliveinahousewithabeautifulviewofhillsandourlittletown.以及下文中的Igottoknowmy______，Charles可知，此处表示当“我”二十四年前“搬到(moved)”这儿的时候。2．A.house B．boatC．garden D．poolB解析：由下文中多次出现的boat可知，住在隔壁的男子正在建造一艘“船(boat)”。3．A.watch B．warnC．ask D．supportA解析：根据语境及下文中的Ienjoyedwatchingthe______oftheboat可知，从“我”家的窗户上可以“看到(watch)”他。4．A.show B．pictureC．progress D．resultC解析：根据上文中的themannextdoorwasbuildinga______inhisbackyardandIcould______himfrommywindow和Hewasbuildingitalone.以及下文中的Hehandcrafted(手工制造)it,piecebypiece.可知，“我”喜欢从旁欣赏“邻居(neighbor)”查尔斯的造船“过程(progress)”。5．A.worker B．neighborC．leader D．ownerB解析：参见上题解析。6．A.first B．secondC．only D．bestB解析：根据本句中的hehadbuiltaslightlysmallerwoodensailboatbuthadsolditbeforeeversailingithimself可知，这是查尔斯建造的“第二(second)”艘船。7．A.regretted B．failedC．agreed D．wantedD解析：根据上文可知，查尔斯曾造过一艘木质帆船，还未亲自试水便将它卖给别人。结合本句中的but可知，查尔斯“想(wanted)”建造一艘更大些的钢制帆船。8．A.rushed B．pleasedC．patient D．boredA解析：根据本句中的Charlesdidthingsverycarefully以及下文中的Hehandcrafted(手工制造)it,piecebypiece.可知，查尔斯做事一丝不苟，“不慌不忙”地亲自铸造每一个零件，rushed符合语境。9．A.Strangely B．SuddenlyC．Unfortunately D．QuicklyC解析：根据本句中的withthepassingyears以及下文中的Andworkontheboatprogressedevenslowly.可知，“遗憾的是(Unfortunately)”，查尔斯年龄越来越大，“身体状况(health)”渐渐不如当年。10．A.research B．behaviorC．safety D．healthD解析：参见上题解析。11．A.encouraged B．helpedC．slowed D．surprisedC解析：根据上文可知，查尔斯亲自铸造帆船零件，再加上他年龄大了，身体也不如当年了，造船进程很慢。更糟糕的是，一次交通事故让他开始背部疼痛，这使得造船的进程“更慢(slowed)”了。12．A.talkabout B．careaboutC．waitfor D．dependonA解析：根据语境可知，“我”虽然没有和查尔斯“谈论(talkabout)”过这艘钢制帆船竣工的事，但“我”知道他明白自己不可能“完工(finish)”了。13．A.try B．finishC．buy D．forgetB解析：参见上题解析。14．A.continue B．startC．stop D．restA解析：根据上文的描述以及本句中的but可知，二十五年间，查尔斯潜心于制造这艘钢制帆船，但是他现在无法“继续(continue)”下去了。15．A.take B．buildC．sell D．turnC解析：根据下文中的itsnewowner可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船“卖(sell)”给别人了。16．A.broken B．doneC．replaced D．goneD解析：根据上文可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船卖给别人了。结合下文中的theboatwastakenaway可知，不久前的一天，当“我”往窗外看时，查尔斯的船“不见了(gone)”。17．A.duty B．taskC．exercise D．ideaB解析：根据上文中的thebiggersteel(钢)boat以及下文中的IsawCharlesouttherehelping可知，将帆船从查尔斯的后院搬走是项艰巨的“任务(task)”。18．A.tool B．businessC．project D．planC解析：设空处指代查尔斯花了二十五年的时间建造的钢制帆船，project意为“工程”，符合语境。19．A.remember B．believeC．imagine D．pretendA解析：结合全文，此处表示帆船从查尔斯后院搬走的那一天，他有些如释重负，因为它再也不会在这里“提醒着(makehimremember)”自己的遗憾，但同时他也有些“忧伤(sad)”，毕竟这艘船耗费了他二十多年的心血。20．A.afraid B．worriedC．angry D．sadD解析：参见上题解析。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)语法填空TheBritisharewellknown1.____________theamountofteathattheydrink.TheaveragepersonintheUKconsumesaround1.9kgofteaeveryyear.Tea2.____________(drink)byallclassesofsociety.ButteadoesnotgrowinBritain.TeaismainlygrowninIndiaandChina.So,howdiditbee3.____________importantpartofBritishculture?TeaarrivedinLondoninthe1600s.AtthistimeBritishshipswereexploringtheworldand4.____________(e)acrossthedrinkinChina.Itwasnotlongbeforegreentea