非谓语动词doing(自制答案版)

PAGEPAGE5非谓语动词Ving一、非谓语动词的基本用法定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。分类：1.不定式（主动/将来/具体/）:HedecidedtoworkhardatEnglish.2.-Ving形式2.1动名词（主动/习惯/抽象）：Learningisimportanttous.2.2现在分词（主动/进行）:Westoodthere,chatting.3.-ed形式(过去分词)（被动/完成）:ThenovelwrittenbyMoYanisveryimportant.非谓语动词虽然不能充当谓语，但是可以充当除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。如：主语宾语表语定语状语宾补doing√√√√√√todo√√√√√√ed√√√√找出非谓语动词，并判断成分1.Makingourcitygreeneriseveryone’sduty.主语2.Thegovernmentisdeterminedtocontinuethegreenprogram.目的状语3.Ifindmyhometownchangedsomuch.宾补4.Havingfreshair,treescanreduceairpollution.状语5.Everyefforttomaketheprogrammakesadifference.定语Ving的几个形势变化一般式（谓语动词同时发生）doingbeingdone（被动式）完成式（谓语动词发生之前）havingdonehavingbeendone（被动式）动名词的形式：doing否定式：not+doing（1）一般式：常用来表示一个正在进行的主动的动作Doyouknowtheman__talking____(talk)toourheadteacher?（2）一般式的被动式：被动语态-ing一般式所表示的动作是一个正在进行中的被动动作Hecametothepartywithout_beinginvited______(invite)．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。（3）完成式：所表示的主动的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前（已经完成的主动的动作）_Havingfinished______(finish)hiswork,hewenttothepartywithjoy.（4）完成被动式：表示被动的动作发生在句中谓语动词表示的动作之前（已经完成的被动的动作）__Havingbeenshown_______(show)aroundthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrarynext.（5）否定式：not+动名词Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔没听他的劝告。（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词在-ing前加物主代词或名词所有格即构成-ing的复合结构。其中的物主代词或名词所有格为-ing的逻辑主语。Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建议我们再试一次。HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。1.作主语：表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为、经验用-ing形式；__Reading______(read)aloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。_Collecting_______(collect)stampsisinteresting.集邮很有趣。当动名词短语作主语时也有用it作形式主语的，常见句式有：A：It’snouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingB:It’snice/fun/useless/worthdoingEg.It'snouse__quarreling_______(quarrel).争吵是没用的。2.作表语：①说明主语的具体内容②像puzzling,surprising,exciting等-ing分词表示“令人……的(事物)”；Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobis_laying_/tolay___(lay)eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。3.作宾语：A:enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider,admit（承认），deny（否认）,mind,permit,forbid,practice,risk（冒险）,appreciate（感激）,bebusy,beworth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp（情不自禁地）等词后B：在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式C：在介词之后用动名词作宾语。thinkof,dreamof,befondof,,insiston,feellike,,beengagedin,spend…(in),succeedin注意to是介词的短语，如be/getusedto,beaccustomedto(习惯于),contribute…to…,devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto,getdownto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,makeacontributiontodoing（做贡献）,payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）D：含介词的固定句式：prevent/stop/keepsb./sth.fromdoing阻止……做……spend/wastetimeormoneyindoing在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱havesomedifficulty/troubleindoing在做……方面有些困难haveahardtimeindoingsth.做某事很艰难thereisno+n.(sense/use除了need之外)indoing做……是没有理由/道理的E.复合结构做宾语物主代词/名词所有格+doingDoyoumindmy_opening_____(open)thewindow?Therainpreventshis_going____(go)toschool.Eg.Theyhaven'tfinished_building_______(build)thedam.他们还没有建好大坝。Wehavetopreventtheairfrom__beingpolluted______(pollute).我们必须阻止空气被污染。Iamlookingforwardto_meeting____(meet)thestudentsfromAmerica.Whenherealizedhewasinpoorhealth,hefinallydecidedtogiveup_smoking____(smoke).Ireallyappreciateyour_helping______(help)mewhenIwasintrouble.Weshoulddowhatwecantopreventtheearth_becoming_______(become)toohottoliveon.此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我们发现取笑他人不好。有些动词可以加todo不定式也可以加doing做宾语但是两者表示的意义不相同，对比：A:remember/forget/regret+todo/doingB:goon/stop+todo/doingC:try+todo/doing4.作定语：a.表示用途b.表示一个正在进行的主动的动作Hecan'twalkwithouta_walking_________(walk)stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。Doyouknowthegirl_standing_______(stand)underthetreenow?当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：inthefollowingyears也可用intheyearsthatfollowed;themanspeakingtotheteacher可改为themanwhoisspeakingtotheteacher.作宾语补足语常跟在这些词see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch之后如：seesb.doingsthEg.Canyouhearher_singing______(sing)thesonginthenextroom?你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？Hekeptthecar__waiting_____(wait)atthegate.他让小汽车在门口等着。当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。另外，请注意复习以下6点：(1)在ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。(3)在make,let,have等使役动词和feel,smell,hear,see,watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。(5)getsb.todosth.=havesb.dosth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);get/have…doing使……处于某一状态中(主动、持续);getsth.done=havesth.done请人做/遭受(被动)。(6)makeoneself后常用understood,heard,seen,known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。6.作状语：(非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系)①作时间状语：(While)_working_(work)inthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。②作原因状语：_Being____(be)aLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。③作方式状语，表示伴随：Hestayedathome,_cleaning______(clean)and_washing______(wash).他呆在家里，又擦又洗。④作条件状语：(If)_playing_(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。⑤作结果状语：表示自然而然的结果。onlytodo常表示出乎意料的结果Hedroppedtheglass,_breaking____(break)itintopieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。⑥作让步状语：Though_raining_____(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。⑦与逻辑主语构成独立主格做垂悬状语：-ing形式的独立成分还有judgingby/from(根据…判断),generallyspeaking(一般说来)，strictlyspeaking(严格说来),franklyspeaking(坦率地说),weatherpermitting(天气允许)等。I_waiting_____(wait)forthebus,abirdfellonmyhead．我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。Time_permitting______(permit),we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。_Judging______(judge)fromhisaccent,hemaybefromAfrica.有时也可用with(without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式Withthelights_burning______(burn),hefellasleep.他点着灯睡着了。Exercise:1.Therearealotofstudents_waiting________(wait)towelcometheforeignteachers.2.Thebuilding__beingbuilt__________(build)willbeservedasourdining-hall.3.Thereare3problems__remaining________(remain)tobesolved.4._Hearing______(hear)thenews,theyjumpedwithjoy5.Not_knowing________(know)hisaddress,wehavenowaytogetintouchwithhim.6.Theysentalettertome,_hoping_______(hope)togetmysupport.7.__Havingworked/Working________(work)withhimformanyyears,Iknowshimverywell.8.__Havingfailed__________(fail)twice,shedidn’twanttohaveanothertry.9.Youshouldbecarefulwhile__crossing_____(cross)thestreet.10.Hewentout,_shutting______(shut)thedoorfrombehind.11._Believing________(believe)thatJuliethaddied,Romeodecidedtokillhimself.12.JustnowImetagirlhere_looking_______(look)likeanurse.13._Adding__________(add)upthefigures,we’llfindthecorrectanswers.14.Not__feeling______(feel)comfortable,Iwenttoseeadoctor.15.Helenborrowedadictionaryfromme,_saying________(say)thatshewouldreturnittomesoon.16.Generally__speaking_______(speak),theharderyouwork,themoreyougain.17.Withherbaby_sleeping_______(sleep)onherback,shewentoncleaningtheroom.18._Writing________(write)smoothly,thiskindofpensellswellinourschool.19.Your_drinking_________(drink)toomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.20.Hehasdevotedhimselfto___helping______(help)thepoor.非谓语题的解题总方法与思路：1.分析句子结构，辨明是否作非谓语。一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，又有别的动词。也就是说如果一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。2.定语态(找逻辑主语)：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。3.定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式，否则我们要用非谓语的一般式三、运用于写作中.适用范围：中文翻译中有合适的动词可作