人教版英语必修四新素养讲义Unit5Themeparks4SectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar构词法1．(教材P34)Therearevarious(variety)kindsofthemeparks...2．(教材P34)Itwillbringyouintoamagical(magic)worldandmakeyourdreamsetrue...3．(教材P34)Asyouwanderaroundthefantasyamusement(amuse)park,youmayseeSnowWhiteorMickeyMouseinaparadeoronthestreet.4．(教材P34)Withalltheseattractions(attract),nowondertourism(tour)isincreasingwhereverthereisaDisneyland.5．(教材P34)DollywoodshowsandcelebratesAmerica’straditional(tradition)southeasternculture.6．(教材P34)Itisworld­famousforhavingthemostlength(long)inthesmallestspace.英语的构词法主要有三种：合成法、转化法和派生法。合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成的词。最常见的合成词为合成名词、合成形容词，还有合成副词、合成动词、合成代词等。合成词一般直接连写在一起，也有的合成词之间用连字符“­”，还有的由分开的两个词构成。1．合成名词构词方式例词名词＋名词headmaster校长名词＋动名词ship­building造船(业)speed­reading快速阅读名词＋动词＋­er(or)painkiller止痛药形容词＋名词highway公路动词＋副词get­together聚会，联欢会副词＋动词output产量upkeep保养，维修续表构词方式例词分词＋副词grown­up成年人名词＋介词looker­on旁观者passer­by路人动词＋介词go­between中间人，媒人名词＋介词＋名词son­in­law女婿sister­in­law嫂子2.合成形容词构词方式例词形容词＋名词＋­edwarm­hearted热心肠的cold­blooded冷血的middle­aged中年的bare­footed赤脚的形容词＋现在分词good­looking好看的easy­going容易相处的形容词＋过去分词new­born新生的ready­made现成的副词＋现在分词hard­working勤劳的名词＋现在分词English­speaking说英语的peace­loving爱好和平的副词＋过去分词newly­built新建的well­known闻名的名词＋过去分词man­made人造的heart­felt由衷的数词＋名词＋形容词twelve­year­old十二岁的five­meter­long五米长的3.合成副词构词方式例词介词＋名词underfoot在脚下beforehand事先副词＋名词upstairs在楼上downstairs在楼下副词＋副词however无论如何，然而，可是代词＋副词anywhere任何地方somehow不知怎么地形容词＋副词nowhere没有地方代词＋名词someday(今后)有一天someway以某种方式副词＋介词nearby附近4.合成动词构词方式例词副词＋动词overthrow推翻overe克服名词＋动词typewrite打字sleepwalk梦游形容词＋动词broadcast广播whitewash粉刷5.合成代词构词方式例词代词宾格＋­selfitself它自身物主代词＋­selfmyself我自己形容词＋名词anything任何东西something某物，某事6.合成介词构词方式例词副词＋名词inside在……里面介词＋副词within在……之内without没有副词＋介词into进入(1)由“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。*father­in­law→fathers­in­law*passer­by→passers­by*looker­on→lookers­on(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。*awomanteacher→womenteachers*amandoctor→mendoctors(3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。*agirlfriend→girlfriends【即时演练1】——写出下列句中标记部分的词性和词义①Itusedtobedifficulttogetdrinking­waterhere.n.饮用水②Thisisapainfulandheartbreakingtime.adj.心碎的③TheChineseareessentiallyapeace­lovingpeople.adj.爱好和平的④Theirsnow­whitehairandbeardsreachedalmosttotheirknees.adj.雪白的⑤Theplanreceivedwidespreadsupportthroughoutthecountry.adj.广泛的转化法转化法是指一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。转化词例词动词↓名词walkv．行走→walkn．散步swimv．游泳→swimn．游泳名词↓动词表示物体的bookn．书→bookv．预订shipn．船→shipv．用船运输表示人体部位的handn．手→handv．递交headn．头→headv．朝……行进表示一类人的nursen．护士→nursev．护理fooln．傻子→foolv．愚弄表示自然现象的rainn．雨→rainv．下雨snown．雪→snowv．下雪形容词↓动词dryadj.干的→dryv．使变干cleanadj.干净的→cleanv．把……擦干净副词↓动词outadv.出来→outv．揭露形容词↓名词whiteadj.白色的→whiten．白人nativeadj.本地的→nativen．本地人特殊转化mustv．必须→mustn．必须做的事【即时演练2】——写出下列句中标记部分的词性和词义①Heisamanwithapowerfulbuild.n.体格②Today,freshfruitfromthesetreesisshippedfromonecountrytoanother.v.运输③Thetrainsloweddown.v.减缓④Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.vt.改善⑤Iemptiedoutmypocketsbutcouldnotfindmykeys.vt.倒空⑥Ifthepipebursts,itcouldfloodthewholehouse.vt.淹没派生法派生词即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。1．前缀构词法前缀含义例词dis­不，否定dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不诚实的un­不unable不能够；unlucky不幸的做相反动作undress脱衣服；unload卸货in­/im­/ir­/il­不，非inactive不活跃的；incorrect不正确的；impolite没有礼貌的；impossible不可能的；irregular不规则的；irresponsible不负责任的；illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的non­不，非non­existent不存在的；non­stop不停的mis­错误的；坏的misunderstand误解；misfortune厄运re­重复，再rewrite重写；remarry再婚；retell复述en­使能够enable使能够；enrich使丰富；encourage鼓励super­超级superstar巨星；supermodel超级模特；supermarket超市under­在……之下underground地下的；underestimate低估inter­相互；……之间international国际的；interact相互作用pre­预先，在……之前predict预告；preview预习2.后缀构词法后缀含义例词­ence/­ance构成抽象名词evidence证据；importance重要性；dependence依靠­cion/­sion/­tion/­ation动作；状态suspicion怀疑；explosion爆炸；repetition重复；organization组织­er/­or人或物cooker炊具；writer作家；operator操作员；actor演员；tractor拖拉机­ism主义，……教socialism社会主义；capitalism资本主义；munism共产主义；Buddhism佛教­ist……主义者；……家scientist科学家；dentist牙医­ment行为；结果；状态；性质movement运动；achievement成就；government政府；equipment设备；development发展续表后缀含义例词­ship关系；身份relationship关系；friendship友谊；citizenship公民身份­hood身份；性质；时代adulthood成年；childhood童年；neighbourhood四邻­ty状态；性质honesty诚实；difficulty困难；anxiety焦虑­ure结果；行为；状态；实物pleasure高兴；picture图画；pressure压力­al动作过程；结果approval同意；arrival到达；到达者­ness状态；性质sickness疾病；恶心；kindness仁慈；好意­th性质；状态；过程warmth温暖；strength强项；长处；力量­ian人musician音乐家；physician医生【即时演练3】——单句语法填空①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’swonderful(wonder)．②(2019·浙江卷6月)OtherAmericanstudiesshowednoconnection(s)(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.③(2019·北京卷)Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend，andit’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyandmeaningful(meaning)collegeexperience.④Buteconomistswhostudytherelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappiness(happy)havefoundthat,aboveacertainine,thetwodonotreliablycorrelate.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．We’llneverknowthetruth(true)behindtheaccident.2．Theirbehaviour(behave)towardsmeshowsthattheydonotlikeme.3．Thecountryplacesgreatimportanceoneducation(educate)．4．Wespentourhappychildhood(child)inasmalltowninthemountains.5．Whenthefirstsettlers(settle)movedintothearea,theyfacedalotofdifficulties.6．Ourschoolwontheathletic(athlete)sportsbecausewehavesomanygoodrunners.7．Atranslator(translate)isapersonwhotranslateswrittenmessagesfromonelanguageintoanother.8．Onedisadvantage(advantage)oflivinginthetownisthelackofsafeplacesforthechildrentoplay.9．Beingunable(able)toaffordaproperhomeaftergettingmarried,thecouplemovedintoamountaincave.10．It’sa(n)informal(formal)party,soyouneedn’tgohometogetchanged.11．Itwasimpolite(polite)ofyoutoaskhimthepersonalquestioninfrontofsomanypeople.12．Tomwasencouraged(courage)byhisfathertotakepartinthesingingpetition.13．Onastormy(storm)night,hissonwasmissingonthewaybackhome.14．Theirproductisfriendly(friend)totheenvironmentandpopularwithcustomers.15．Mr.Leesaidthatthesmilesandhappiness(happy)ofthechildrengavehimgreatcourageeveryday.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)判断下列画线单词的词性和词义1．Maryisdrawingwaterfromthewellandlooksquitewell．第一个well是名词，井；第二个well是形容词，气色好，身体好2．Ihavebookedmyticketandboughtthreebooksformysister.第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书3．Mybrotherisstudyingfortheingexaminationinourfather’sstudy．第一个study是动词，学习；第二个study是名词，书房4．Let’sgooutforawalkaftersupper,butdon’twalktoofast.第一个walk是名词，散步；第二个walk是动词，走5．Althoughmynewcellphonehasmanyfunctions，itdoesn’tfunctionwell.第一个function是名词，功能；第二个function是动词，运行，运转eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．Theremustbesomemisunderstanding(understand)duringherstayinBeijingbecauseofElizabeth’spoorChinese.2．Hesentmeamessage,apologizing(apology)forhavingmademewaitallthetimeinthecold.3．Thegreatwomanwillalwaysberememberedforhergreatcontributions(contribute)tothemedicine.4．Accordingtowhatthedoctorsays,non­smokers(smoke)arelesslikelytosufferfromlungdiseases.5．Therobberthreatened(threat)tokillmeifIdidn’tgivehimmoneyatonce.6．Asweallknow,Decemberisthetwelfth(twelve)monthofayear.7．Iamterribly(terrible)sorryforbeinglateinthemorning—mycarbrokedownhalfway.8．Maryleftanimpression(impress)onmethatshewasashyandquietgirlwhenIfirstmetherinourschool.9．Becarefulwithpoisonous(poison)snakeswhenyouaregoinghikinginthemountainousareas.10．Ididn’trecognizethefamousactress(act)wasHanXueuntilshetookoffhersunglasses.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)阅读理解Isometimesfindthatwatchingafilmadaptation(改编作品)ofabookhelpsmetounderstandthestoryofabook.Thisisespeciallytrueforbooksfromadifferentperiodorwithadifficultdialect.MyfavouriteexampleoftheseisPrideandPrejudice,whichisalsomyfavouritebook.FilmandTVadaptationsofbooksalsomeanthatbooksreachawideraudience,prompting(促使)peopletoreadthebookiftheyreallylikedthefilm.Intermsoflanguagelearning,watchingfilmorTVadaptationsofbookscanhelptoprovideanunderstandingofastorythatmayhaveotherwise(否则)beendifficulttounderstand.Theyalsohelptogiveastoryamoremoderntwist(转折),forexampleOliverTwistasanadaptationofCharlesDickens’OliverTwist.Thelanguageinthebookcanbeenoughtoreduceanativespeakertotears,buttheadaptationallowseveryonetoenjoythestoryofthechildOliver.Similarly,the1996filmRomeoandJuliet,anadaptationoftheShakespeareplayofthesamename,enablesthoseofuswhohaven’tstudiedShakespearetostillenjoyhisplay.Ofcourse,therearelimitationsandnoteverystorythatistranslatedontothescreenislikedbythemanyfansofthebook,oreventheauthor.Forexample,theauthorofthebookMaryPoppins,P．L.Travers,hatedDisney’sadaptation,butitisnowawell­lovedwork.OneofmyleastfavouriteadaptationsisthatofStillAlicebyLisaGenova.TheychangedthelocationfromBostontoNewYorkfornorealreason,whichforsomereaderschangesthewholefeelofthebook.Inmyopinion,adaptationsareagreatwaytointroducepeopletothestoryandcharactersofabookbeforereadingit.They’realsoagoodwayforpeoplewhomaynotfeelconfidentenoughtoreadawholenovelinadifferentlanguage,butstillwanttoenjoyaspecificstory.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。人们对改编自文学作品的影视作品爱憎不同，作者就此发表了看法。1．ThefilmadaptationofPrideandPrejudicehelpstheauthor________．A．developaninterestinthebookB．understandthestoryofthebookC．learnhistoryofadifferentperiodD．understandthedialectinthebookB解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的Isometimesfindthatwatchingafilmadaptation(改编作品)ofabookhelpsmetounderstandthestoryofabook.可知，作者有时觉得观看改编自书的电影有助于他理解书的故事情节。接下来作者举PrideandPrejudice这个例子说明了自己的观点。2．Howdoestheauthormainlysupporthisideas?A．Bylistingfacts.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingparisons.D．Byofferingexplanations.B解析：写作手法题。前三段中，作者在每一段开头直接表明观点，紧接着通过举例来支持自己的观点。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?A．ThefilmStillAlice.B．ThebookStillAlice.C．ThefilmMaryPoppins.D．ThebookMaryPoppins.C解析：代词指代题。画线词所在句句意：例如，MaryPoppins一书的作者P.L.Travers曾经讨厌改编自该书的迪斯尼电影，但现在它(该电影)很受人们喜爱。4．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsbooksbeingtranslatedontothescreen?A．Hepayslittleattentiontoit.B．Hehasdoubtsaboutit.C．Heisinsupportofit.D．Heisagainstit.C解析：观点态度题。作者在第一段就提出观看改编自书的电影作品有好处，在最后一段总结时，作者再次强调了影视改编作品的优势，因此可推断，作者支持将书改编成影视作品。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Ifyouaskyourparentstobabysit(照看小孩)regularlythenyoushouldpaythem.Theydon’thaveto__1__yououtfornothing.Ofcourse,mostgrandparentswill__2__thecash,butdon’tletthat__3__you—youmustfindotherwaystoshowyour__4__．Manygrandparentsdon’thavearegularineandsomehaveto__5__everydollartomakeendsmeet.Notonlyaretheygivingyoutheir__6__forfree,they’realsoprobablyspendingalotofmoneyontravel,foodandotherthings.Iaskedmymumwhyshedoesn’tchargeto__7__ourkidsandshesaidshelovesthemand__8__tobeapartoftheirday­to­daylives.We’retryingtoput__9__inherbagtopayforpetrol,andarealways__10__hernottobringtreatswithher.Wehelpherinotherways,mainlygardening.Sheusedtoenjoyworkinginhergarden,butasshegetsolder,itgets__11__forher.Gardeningmightnotbea__12__foryou,butthereareotherwaystosaythankyou.Youcouldcookupmealsandpopthemintotherefrigerator__13__they’llhavedeliciousfoodtoeatwhentheydon’thavetheenergy(精力)to__14__．Youcoulddoa__15__withthemtoexchangebabysittingforcleaning:eitherpayforacleanertovisittheirhomemonthlyorhelpthemwithsomeofthemoredifficult__16__intheirhouseslikechangingbedlinen(织品),cleaningthebathroom,etc.Andmost__17__，remembertolistentoand__18__yourparents.Askthemhowtheirday’sbeen,checkinwiththemregularlyandletthem__19__they’reabigpartofyourfamily,not__20__apart­timechildcareworker.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。如果我们请父母照看小孩，应不应该给他们支付工资呢？1．A.take B．helpC．pick D．sendB解析：由上文中的Ifyouaskyourparentstobabysit(照看小孩)regularlythenyoushouldpaythem.可知，此处表示父母没有义务免费“帮(help)”你照看孩子。2．A.pay B．expectC．refuse D．getC解析：由上文中的youshouldpaythem以及本句中的but和youmustfindotherways可知，当然，大多数帮忙给子女照看孩子的父母都“不会要(refuse)”工资。但是，不要因为这样就“不(stop)”表达你对他们的“感激之情(appreciation)”，你应该换用其他的方式。3．A.stop B．hurtC．surprise D．judgeA4．A.value B．trustC．appreciation D．excitementC5．A.spend B．raiseC．give D．watchD解析：由语境可知，有些父母必须精打细算，才能收支平衡，watch“当心，留意”符合语境。6．A.time B．adviceC．answer D．orderA解析：父母帮助照看小孩，不仅无偿地投入了自己的“时间(time)”，还会额外增加花销。7．A.listento B．lookafterC．educate D．protectB解析：由本句中的shelovesthem以及下文的描述可知，“我”问母亲她为什么要无偿地帮“我”“照顾(lookafter)”孩子，她说她喜欢他们，“想(wants)”成为他们日常生活中的一部分。8．A.pretends B．agreesC．continues D．wantsD9．A.money B．foodC．pictures D．presentsA解析：由本句中的topayforpetrol可知，“我们”会往母亲包里塞“钱(money)”。10．A.inviting B．tellingC．promising D．trainingB解析：结合第一段中作者的观点以及下文中的Wehelpherinotherways,mainlygardening.可知，作者不希望母亲在帮忙照看孩子的时候，还给他们花钱。故此处表示“我”不断“告诉(telling)”母亲不要给孩子们买东西。11．A.quicker B．strangerC．harder D．laterC解析：由上文中的Wehelpherinotherways,mainlygardening.以及本句中的shegetsolder可知，母亲年龄越来越大，对她来说，园艺工作也变得“更吃力(harder)”。12．A.hobby B．dreamC．gift D．choiceD解析：由本句中的butthereareotherwaystosaythankyou可知，此处表示可能对你来说做园艺工作并不是你的选择，但是还有其他说谢谢的方式。choice符合语境。13．A.so B．butC．though D．orA解析：由上文中的thereareotherwaystosaythankyou可知，你可以给父母做些饭菜冷藏起来，“这样(so)”当他们没有精力“做饭(cook)”时，就可以吃到可口的饭菜。14．A.speak B．buyC．finish D．cookD15．A.talk B．dealC．project D．checkB解析：由上文可知，许多父母无偿地帮自己的子女照顾孩子。结合下文中的eitherpayforacleanertovisittheirhomemonthlyorhelpthem...cleaningthebathroom,etc.可知，反过来，“我们”也可以替父母做一些清洁工作，deal表示“交易”，符合语境。16．A.jobs B．ideasC．games D．researchesA解析：由下文中的changingbedlinen(织品),cleaningthebathroom可知，此处表示一些比较难做的“家务(jobs)”。17．Amonly B．clearlyC．importantly D．amazinglyC解析：上文和本段罗列了“我们”可以为父母做的几件事，相比之下，本段讲述的事最“重要(importantly)”。18．A.dependon B．learnfromC．waitfor D．careforD解析：结合上文以及本段中的Askthemhowtheirday’sbeen,checkinwiththemregularly可知，“我们”应该聆听父母的心声、“关心(carefor)”父母，让父母“知道(know)”他们是家里的重要成员，而不“只(just)”是临时照顾孩子的保姆。19．A.prove B．knowC．imagine D．acceptB20．A.yet B．evenC．just D．stillCeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)语法填空OnJune17,Morgan’sInspirationIsland,athree­acrewaterpark,openedinSanAntonio,Texas.Theparkhasbeen1.____________(careful)designedsothateveryonecanenjoyit.Callingitselfa“parkofinclusion”，Morgan’sInspirationIslandispletelyaccessible(可利用的)topeoplewithdisabilities—andit’sthefirstwaterparklikethatintheworld.The2.____________(attraction),whichincludeRainbowReef,ShipwreckIsland,andevenaboatride,areallwheelchair­accessible.Thoughpeopleofallagesandabilitiesarewele,theparkoffersfree3.___________