初中英语 七选五技巧

七选五技巧第1讲主旨概括型根据考查对象的不同可以把主旨概括型题目分为两类：标题句和主题句。标题句短小精悍，多为名词性短语或祈使句，用以总结文章或某个段落的主旨；主题句用以交代某段的中心思想。主旨概括句一般设在段首，考查考生的主旨概括能力。一般而言，短文首段给出中心句，其他各段有一个段落中心，均为中心句服务，形成总分关系。段落第一句为本段主题句，其他句为细节支撑句，各句通过意义或逻辑联系起来，形成完整的段落。注意篇章布局，理清文章脉络是解答此类试题的关键。主题句具有一定的概括性，不涉及具体内容。错误选项常常以偏概全，或与全文中心相悖。典题印证(2016·全国Ⅱ片段)AGardenThat’sJustRightforYouHaveyouevervisitedagardenthatseemedjustrightforyou，wheretheatmosphereofthegardenappearedtototalmorethanthesum(总和)ofitsparts？36.Butitdoesn’thappenbyaccident.Itstartswithlookinginsideyourselfandunderstandingwhoyouarewithrespecttothenaturalworldandhowyouapproachthegardeningprocess.•37Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants，flowers，patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料)．38.However，thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.A．KnowwhyyougardenB．FindagoodplaceforyourowngardenC．It’sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD．It’sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowersE．StillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplantsF．Youcanproducethatkindofmagicalqualityinyourowngarden，tooG．Foreachofthosegardens，writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave37．答案A解析由该空所在位置可知这是一个小标题。根据本段的前两句可知不同的人做园艺有着不同的原因；结合本段倒数第二句“However，thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.”可知，我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺。故选A。1Stressisapopularcauseofmajordiseasesaffectingpeopleworldwide.Itissocommonthatpeoplehavebegunaconsiderablesearchonthebestandeasiestwaystoreducestress.Breatheyourwaytorelax.Properbreathingcanbebeneficialespeciallywhenyouareatworkandjusthaveashorttimetospreadstressfulsituations.Breatheindeeplyfromthenoseandbreatheoutslowlyfromthemouthwhilecountingfromonetoten.1Youcantryoutdifferentonesandusetheonethathelpsyouthemost.2Regularrunnerssaythatthereisnobetterfeelingthantheoneyougetwhenyoufinishyourdailyrun.Exercisingisasure­firewayforyoutoremovestressfromyourlife.Regularexercisegivesyoutimetothinkthingsthoroughlyandcanalsoliftyourmood.3Eathealthily.Introducehealthierfoodintoyourdiet.4Itwillgiveyouenoughstrengthtofaceallthedailychallenges.Manageyourtimewisely.5Stickingtoyourschedulegivesyouagoaltoworkon.Italsohelpsyouavoidmissingoutondeadlineswhichareagreatsourceofstress.Managingyourtimewiselymeansmanagingyourstress.A．Pamperyourself.B．Exerciseregularly.C．Planyourdayaheadandsticktoit.D．Stresswillnaturallyappearduetothemodernwayoflife.E．Anadditionalbenefitofexercisingisthatitkeepsyoufitandhealthy!F．Therearemanybreathingexercisesyoumayuseinyoureverydaylife.G．Takemoreteainsteadofcoffeeandaddmoreenergy­givingproductstoyourdailymeals.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。介绍了如何减少生活中的压力。)1．答案F解析根据本段小标题“Breatheyourwaytorelax.”及本空后的句子可知只有F项(在日常生活中有很多你可以用的呼吸运动)最为恰当。2．答案B解析根据本段中的“Regularrunners”和“Regularexercise”可知，本段是有关锻炼的。此外，从文中可以看出，主题句都为祈使句，故选B项。3．答案E解析因为本段的内容是有关锻炼的，而E项中的exercising与锻炼有关，故选E项。4．答案G解析因为本段是与饮食有关，而G项中的tea，coffee，meals与饮食相关，故选G项。5．答案C解析根据“Manageyourtimewisely.”及下文的“Stickingtoyourschedule...”可知C项为本空答案。2FourHabitstoHelpYouSucceedWeallwanttosucceed，whetherit’sinlosingweightorlearningtheguitar.Forthosewhohavetriedandfailed，successseemsdifficulttounderstand.Whydoesonepersonsucceedwhileanotherpersonfails？6•Identifyyourcorevalues.Findingyourcorevaluesisinlinewithcreatinginnermotivation.7Pickahandfulofthingsandactuallywritethemdown.Remindyourselfofyourvalueseveryday，andreflectonwhetheryouarehonoringthosevaluesthroughyourwork.•Pickagoalandfocusonit.Chooseonegoaltostartsomethinglargeenoughthatwillgiveyouasenseofaccomplishment，whileadjustingwelltoyourcorevalues.Focusiskeyhere.8Ifyouperformmanytasksatatime，youmightnevercompleteyourprojectsbecausetheywilltakefartoolong.•Setadeadlineforsuccess.Setadateforsuccess.Identifywhenyouhopetoachieveyourgoal.9Bysettingatimelimit，youaremakingtheprocessmorereal.•10Failurecan’tbeavoidedwhenyoutakerisks.Byitsverydefinition，thedesiretosucceedmeansyouareriskingfailure.Manypeopletendtogiveupfartooearly.Don’tfallintothistrap!Rememberyourmindsetearlier.Knowitwillhappen.Afailureismerelyyouworkingoutthedetails，andlearningwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Usefailure.Treatitasagoodthing，andmarchon!A．Sticktoyourgoal.B．Maketherightdecision.C．Sitandreflectonwhatyouvaluemost.D．Keepitrealistic，whilenotgivingyoutoomuchtime.E．I’vemadealistoffourhabitstohelpyousetgoalsandachievethem.F．Themorefocusedyouareononegoal，thehigherchanceyouhaveofsuccess.G．Pushyourselftobecourageous，andtakethatnextstep.eq\x(语篇解读本文讲述的是四个有助于成功的习惯。)6．答案E解析从下文看是4个有助于成功的习惯，故选E项。7．答案C解析上一句讲找出核心价值观念很重要，下一句说选出一些并写下来，故此处用C项“坐下想想一生中你最看重的是什么”与上下文衔接一致，故选C项。8．答案F解析从这段的标题“Pickagoalandfocusonit.”可知是要专注于一个目标。上一句讲“Focusiskeyhere.”下一9．答案D解析从前面的句子“Setadateforsuccess.Identifywhenyouhopetoachieveyourgoal.”可知确定的日期要实际。故选D。10．答案A解析从文章的最后一句话“Treatitasagoodthing，andmarchon！”可知我们要坚持目标，故选A。第2讲上下过渡句用来显示前后段逻辑衔接的句子称为过渡句，过渡句可以位于段首或段末。有三种方式实现过渡：一是核心词汇的重复；二是指示代词this/that/these/those/such；三是使用过渡词语，如next，inaddition，however，but等。过渡句起承上启下的作用，显示上下段的逻辑关系，使得行文流畅，衔接自然。此类题目需要瞻前顾后，上下求索。错误的选项使衔接不自然，行文不连贯。典题印证(2016·全国Ⅰ片段)Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords，phrases，orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode，youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample，“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me”．Themessage“Bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme”．40However，itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.A．Itisveryhardtobreakthecodewithoutthecodebook.B．Inanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C．Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D．Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F．Withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G．Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.40．答案A解析本题考查的是关键词以及转折关系。下一句“itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong”中出现了alsohard，所以上一句关键词为hard；另外however表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该是：没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作的。故A正确。11Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.Thisisnotnecessarilyso，however.Anyonecanbecomeabetterstudentifheorshewantsto.Here’show：Planyourtimecarefully.Whenplanningyourwork，youshouldmakealistofthingsthatyouhavetodo.Aftermakingthislist，youshouldmakeascheduleofyourtime.Firstyourtimeforeating，sleeping，dressing，etc.Thendecideagood，regulartimeforstudying.2Aweeklyschedulemaynotsolveallyourproblems，butitwillforceyoutorealizewhatishappeningtoyourtime.Findagoodplacetostudy.Lookaroundthehouseforagoodstudyarea.Keepthisspace，whichmaybeadeskorsimplyacornerofyourroom，freeofeverythingbutstudymaterials.Nogames，radios，ortelevision.Whenyousitdowntostudy，concentrateonthesubject.Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.3Listeningcarefullyinclassmeanslessworklater.Takingnoteswillhelpyourememberwhattheteachersays.Studyregularly.Whenyougethomefromschool，gooveryournotes，reviewtheimportantpointsthatyourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextday，readthatmaterial.4Ifyoudothesethingsregularly，thematerialwillbecomemoremeaningful，andyou’llrememberitlonger.Developagoodattitudetowardstests.Thepurposeofatestistoshowwhatyouhavelearnedaboutasubject.Theyhelpyourememberyournewknowledge.Theworldwon’tendifyoudon’tpassatest，sodon’tbeoverworried.5Youwillprobablydiscovermanyothersafteryouhavetriedthese.A．Thereareothermethodsthatmighthelpyouwithyourstudying.B．Don’tforgettosetasideenoughtimeforentertainment.C．Takeadvantageofclasstimetolistentoeverythingtheteachersays.D．Noonecanbecomeatopstudentunlessheorsheworkshard.E．Maybeyouareanaveragestudent.F．Makefulluseofclasstimetotakenotesofwhattheteachersaysinclass.G．Thiswillhelpyouunderstandthenextclass.(1．答案E解析根据下一句“Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbeatopstudent.”也许你认为自己永远也成不了优秀生，说明很多人认为自己是一般的学生。2．答案B解析本部分是关于时间的分配，有吃饭，睡觉，还有学习，当然不能忘记娱乐的时间，故B项正确。3．答案C解析根据本段第一句“Makegooduseofyourtimeinclass.”说明是要我们充分利用好上课的时间，故C项正确。4．答案G解析根据前一句话“Whenyougethomefromschool，gooveryournotes，reviewtheimportantpointsthatyourteacherisgoingtodiscussthenextday，readthatmaterial.”说明讲述的是复习的重要性，故选G项，充分的复习将会帮助你更好的理解下一节课的内容。5．答案A解析根据下一句“Youwillprobablydiscovermanyothersafteryouhavetriedthese.”说明也许有其他的方法帮助我们学习，故A正确。2Anoldsongsaysthat“Lovemakestheworldgoaround”．6Thewholecountrybreaksoutwithlittleredhearts.Love­struckpeoplegivecards，flowersandcandytotheirsweethearts.TheAmericanconceptofloveandromancebeginswithdating.Youngpeopledateinseveralways.Atfirsttheymighthavegroupdateswithseveralboysandgirlstogether.7Whentwocouplesgoouttogether，it’scalleddoubledating.Afriendmightevenarrangeablinddateforyouwithsomeoneyoudon’tknow.8Youjustdon’tknowwhoyourpartnerwillbeuntilthetimeofthedate.Americanyoungpeopleseeadateasatimejusttohavefun.Theydon’talwayshavearomanticinterestinmind.Someonemaygooutwithonepersonthisweek，andanotherthenext.Afterawhile，aboyandagirlmaydecidetheywanttogosteady.9Italsomeanstheydon’twanttodateanyoneelse.Romanceisbeginningtobloom.10Movies，TVshowsandbooksinAmericaallpicturepeoplefallinginlove.Actually，peopleallovertheworldsearchforhappinessinalovingrelationship.Maybelovedoesmaketheworldgoaround.A．IfyouwatchAmericansonValentine’sDay，youcanbelieveit.B．Later，theystartgoingonsingledates—justoneboyandonegirl.C．Thismeanstheythinkofeachotherasaboyfriendandgirlfriend.D．Thatdoesn’tmeanyoukeepyoureyesclosedthewholeevening.E．RomanticloveisapartofAmericanculture.F．ButinAmerica，manypeopledislikeitverymuch.G．Theywillhavetheirrelationknownbytheirparents.语篇解读文章主要介绍了美国人的爱情观念、特点等，以及爱情是美国文化的一个重要部分。6．答案A解析由下句“Thewholecountrybreaksoutwithlittleredhearts.”可知，情人节当天，美国全国范围内会出现许多小红心。可知，A选项是说如果你在情人节看到美国人的时候，你就会相信了。故选A。7．答案B解析由上句“Atfirsttheymighthavegroupdateswithseveralboysandgirlstogether.”可知，起初是一群男女集体约会，B选项中later，singledates就是指随后一男一女约会，是对上句的进一步发展。故选B。8．答案D解析上句“Afriendmightevenarrangeablinddateforyouwithsomeoneyoudon’tknow.”是说有时朋友也会安排你与不认识的人相亲，下句“Youjustdon’tknowwhoyourpartnerwillbeuntilthetimeofthedate.”是说直到约会那天你才知道对方是谁。D选项含义是所谓的blinddate(相亲)并不是指让你整晚都把眼睛闭起来，而是要等到约会那天才知道对象是谁。故选D。9．答案C解析下句“Romanceisbeginningtobloom.”说明爱情开始绽放了。之前需要完成C选项中说的确认为男女朋友，也就意味着要发展稳定的男女朋友关系了。故选C。10．答案E解析由下句“Movies，TVshowsandbooksinAmericaallpicturepeoplefallinginlove.”美国的电影、电视和书籍都刻画着人们坠入情网的事，可以推知爱情是美国文化的一部分，这与E选项的内容相符。故选E。第3讲细节支撑句用来支撑主题的句子称为支撑句，支撑句通过本身的逻辑或意义连接一个完整的段落。和主题句比较，支撑句更具体，往往是事实、分析、举例、引用等的一部分。解答此类题目应该利用前后句代词的指代关系、逻辑关系以及时间先后关系等寻找突破口，找到关联点。典题印证(2016·全国Ⅰ片段)Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample，thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”A．Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutthecodebook.B．Inanylanguage，somelettersareusedmorethanothers.C．Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.D．Aslongastherehavebeencodes，peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.E．Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.F．Withacodebook，youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.G．Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.答案E解析根据接下来的举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。因此答案为E。1Everyonecanbenefitfrommakinganefforttopracticegratitude(感激)everyday.Thefollowingthreestepscanhelpyoustartfeelingmoregrateful，andappreciativeofthegoodthingsinyourlife：NoticetheGoodThingsinYourLife1Payattentiontothesmalleverydaydetailsofyourlife­nature，people，community，shelter，creaturecomfortslikeawarmbedoragoodmeal.Andthenstartagratitudejournal.Makingacommitmenttowritingdowngoodthingseachdaymakesitmorelikelythatwewillnoticegoodthingsastheyhappen.EnjoytheFeelingofGratitudeTherearemomentswhenyounaturally，rightthenandthere，feelfilledwithgratitude.Thesearemomentswhenyousaytoyourself，“Oh，wow，thisisamazing！”or“Howgreatthisis！”Pause.2Letitsinkin.Enjoyyourblessingsinthemomenttheyhappen.ExpressGratitudeExpressinggratitudeismorethanbeingpolite.3Showyourappreciationtosomeonewhoreallydidsomethingnice.Say：“Itwasreallykindofyouto...，”“Youdidmeabigfavorwhen...，”or“Thankyouforbeingtherewhen...”．4Holdthedooropenforthepersonbehindyou，evenifitmeanswaitingalittlelongerthanyounormallywould.Truegratitudedoesn’tleaveyoufeelinglikeyouoweotherpeoplesomething—afterall，ifyou’vedonesomeoneafavor，youprobablydon’twantthepersontofeellikeyouexpectsomethingbackinreturn.5A．It’saboutshowingyourheartfeltappreciation.B．Noticeandabsorbthatfeelingoftruegratitude.C．Youcanalsoexpressgratitudebydoingakindness.D．It’sallaboutfeelinggoodandcreatingacycleofgood.E．Starttonoticeandidentifythethingsyouaregratefulfor.F．Helpsomeonewithoutlettingthepersonfindoutitwasyou.G．It’samazingwhatyounoticewhenyoufocusonfeelinggrateful.语篇解读本文介绍了怎样在生活中学会感恩：1.注意到生活中美好的事物；2.享受感恩的感觉；3.表达感恩的心情。1．答案E解析要选的是本段的第一句，跟下文要有联系，下文讲的是怎样去注意生活中美好的事，所以本题要选择与小标题意思相近的E。2．答案B解析联系上下文可知，上文写各种感慨，下文写享受这一刻的感恩，中间句要与上下文有联系，故选B。3．答案A解析联系上下文可知，上文提到表达感恩不仅仅是有礼貌，下文说表达自己对他人善行的感激，所以要选能连接上下文的选项，故选A。4．答案C解析联系上下文，下文举做举手之劳的好事为例，所以选项应选择提到做好事的句子，故选C。5．答案D解析最后一句要呼应开头，有总结的功能，且上文讲到人们做好事并不是期待对方能有回报，这句就要有转折，所以这里要选D。2Manypeopleadmitthattheyaren’tpreparedfinanciallyforlife’sunexpectedchallengesandemergencies.IfyourNewYear’sdecisionistobecomemorefinanciallypreparedfora“rainyday”，thefollowingtipsarehelpfulforyoutosave.Startsavingnow.Setspecificsavingsgoalsandbreakthemdowntoasetdollaramounttosaveeachpaycheck.6Saveatleastasmallportionofeachpaycheckandremaincommittedtosaving，andthenlookforwayseachmonthtoincreasetheamount.7Oneofthesimplestwaystofindmoneytoputtowardyourrainydayfundistokeepacloseeyeonwhereyourmoneyisbeingspent.Fortwoorthreemonths，trykeepingtrackofeveryexpense，includingsmallones.Onceyouhaveabetterideaofwhereyourmoneyisgoing，makeabudgetthatincludesaspendingandsavingsplan.8Makesavingautomatic.9Ifyourgoalistosave5,000thisyear，calculatetheamountyou’llneedtosavefromeachpaycheck，thenarrangetohaveitautomaticallysavedintoyoursavingsaccounteachtimeyougetpaid.Visityourbankbranchandaskabankerifyoucansetupautomatictransfersintoyoursavingsaccount.Goonaspendingdiet.Avoidspendinganymoneyonnon­essentialsfor30daysandchallengeyourselftosaveasmuchasyoucantoputtowardyourrainyclayfund.10Thenmakealistanddeterminenottospendontheseitemsforonemonth.A．Trackyourspending.B．Putyoursavingstowork.C．Doremember:Actionsalwaysspeaklouderthanwords.D．Theimportantthingistostartsavingnow，nomatterhowlittle.E．Treatyourrainydayaccountlikeyou’dtreatanyotherfinancialobligation(债务)．F．Reviewyourbudgetattheendofeverymonthanddetermineifyourspendingisinlinewithyourplan.G．Reviewyourbudgetandidentifyextraornon­essentialexpenses，suchaseatingout，shopping，entertainment，etc.(6．答案D解析本段中心话题是从现在起开始存钱。下一句“Saveatleastasmallportion(至少保存每份收入的一小部分)”与D选项的“nomatterhowlittle”有联系，故选D项。7．答案A解析根据下文“Fortwoorthreemonths，trykeepingtrackofeveryexpense，includingsmallones.(尝试两、三个月把每一项开销都记录下来，包括小额开销)”，可知这一段是关于记录开支的，故选A项。8．答案F解析记录开销的目的是，在每个月月底回顾预算，确定支出是否与计划吻合。故选F项。9．答案E解析考查上下文语境。本段的主题是：让银行自动转存成为帮你攒钱的好方法，对待你的不时之需就像偿还其他金融债务一样来储蓄。故选E项。10．答案G解析根据下一句“Thenmakealistanddeterminenottospendontheseitemsforonemonth(然后列表决定这一个月不把钱花在这些项目上)可知，theseitems应是不必要开支的项目，G项中的extraornon­essentialexpenses与之相吻合。故选G项。强化练(五)题组11Doyouhaveaspareroominyourhouse？Doyouliketoshareyourdrivewayinfrontofyourgaragewithothers？Bothofthesecanhelpyoumakemoney.1Perhapsthebest­knownexampleofacompanyinthisfieldisAirbnb—anAmericanwebbusinesswhichallowsyoutorentoutyourspareroomtoholidaymakers.Itsaysitoperatesin34,000citiesandithas800,000listingsofroomsandapartments.2ABritishcompanyisdoingsomethingwithparkingspaces.JustPark’sfounder，AnthonyEskinaizi，says，“whenIhadtheoriginalidea，Ispottedadrivewayclosetoasportsstadium.ItwouldhavebeensoconvenientifIcouldhavejustparkedinthedrivewayratherthaninacommercialcarpark.”3Around20,000peoplehaveadvertisedtheirspacesonthewebsite，andhesaysaroundhalfamilliondriversuseit.4Theyarepeoplewhorunthingsliketraditionalhotelsandcommercialcarparks.Theyareafraidofendinguplosingmoney.5Regulationsforthesenewbusinessesareunclear.Howwillrentingoutyourdrivewayaffectyourneighbour？Becausethisanewbusinessworld，thoserulesaren’tthereyet.A．Andthereisanotherproblem.B．Acommercialcarparkisinconvenient.C．Andhisgreatideahasprovedasuccess.D．Butthenewbusinessofrentinghasitscompetitors.E．Theyseemtohaveoccupiedthemajorityofthemarket.F．Butthegovernmentsaysnotothenewbusinessofrenting.G．Manypeoplearebenefitingfromthisnewbusinessofrenting.(1．答案G解析空前的意思是：和人分享空房间和车库前的地方都可以帮助你赚钱。所以这里G项(很多人正在受益于这种新的租赁业务。)与上下文一致。2．答案E解析空前的意思是：美国的Airbnb在网络上做这方面的业务做得很好。所以这里E项(看起来这家公司已占领了主要的市场。)与上下文一致。3．答案C解析空前的意思是：JustPark’s的创始人AnthonyEskinaizi做了一个出租停车位的生意，很火爆。空后的意思是：大约2万人在网站上登记出租车位，有约50万名司机受益。所以这里C项(他的想法很成功。)与上下文一致。4．答案D解析空后的意思是：从事传统的酒店和商业停车场之类的人害怕最终会赔本。所以这里D项(但是出租的新业务也有很多竞争对手。)与上下文一致。5．答案A解析空后的意思是：这些新的商业法规尚不清楚。租你的车道将如何影响你的邻居？因为这是个新的商业领域，还没有规则。所以这里A项(还有一个问题。)与上下文一致。2Manykidshelpoutaroundthehousewithchores(家庭杂务)，suchassweepingthefloor，emptyingthedishwasher，takingoutthetrashandsoon.6Payingkidsforchoresisoneofthemosthotlydebatedparentingtopics，especiallyatatimewhereeveryoneismoreconcernedabouttheirfinances.Thelogicbehindtyingallowancestochoresisclear.7Sotheyshouldpaykidstodotheirjobs.8SusieWalton，aparentingeducatorandfamilycoach，believesthatbyrewardingkids，parentsaresendingamessagethatworkisn’tworthdoingunlessyougetsomethinginreturn.“Runninganykindofhouseholdisateameffort，”Susiesaid.“Ahomeisalivingspaceforeveryoneinthefamily.It’simportantforkidstoseethatweallhaveresponsibilitiesinthehouse，andthatfamiliesdecidetogetherhowtheywanttheirhometolook，andhowtheyaregoingtokeepitlookinglikeeveryonewantsittolook.”9Theybelievethatgettingacashallowanceorotherrewardsmotivateskidstodochores，anditalsoteachesthemrealworldlessonsabouthowweneedtoworktoearnmoney.“Ourgoalistoencouragekidstoearnrewards，”saysChrisBergman，founderofChoreMonster.“10”A．Manypeopleholdtheview.B．Inexchange，theygetsomepocketmoneyorotherrewards.C．Otherpeoplethinkdifferently.D．Butsomepeopledonotthinkthatkidsshouldgetrewardsfordoingchores.E．Grown­upsgetpaidtodotheirjobs.F．Kidsneedpositivereinforcement(强化)tohelpmotivatethem.G．Paykidsissendingabadmessage.(6．答案B解析根据下文“Payingkidsforchores”可知这里说家长给孩子们报酬作为做家务的酬劳，能够起总领下文的作用，所以选B。7．答案E解析联系上文提到的“给孩子们报酬作为他们做家务的酬劳是有逻辑的”和下文“因而他们也应该付钱给做家务的孩子”可知选E。8．答案D解析根据下文SusieWalton的观点可知他觉得每个人都是家里的一分子，都有责任做家务，可见他不觉得孩子们应该为做家务得到奖赏，所以D。9．答案C解析根据下文提到有人觉得报酬可以鼓励孩子做家务，并且教会他们我们需要工作赚钱，所以选项C“Otherpeoplethinkdifferently”有些人不这么以为，可以承上启下，故选C。10．答案F解析根据上文“Ourgoalistoencouragekidstoearnrewards”我们的目标是鼓励孩子获得奖励，可知选项F“Kidsneedpositivereinforcement(强化)tohelpmotivatethem.(孩子们需要积极的强化去鼓励他们)”，能够进一步解释说明，故选F。3Itcanbedifficulttomeetnewpeopleandmakefriends，especiallywhenyoumovetoanewcityorfindyourselfoutofyourcomfortzone.Howwillyoudealwiththesituation?11Thereareseveralwaysthatyoucanmeetpeoplethatyoumightnothaveconsideredinthepast.★12Youprobablyhaveseveralacquaintancesthatyouseeonadailybasisoraweeklybasis.Ifyougetalongwellwithcertainpeople，youcanseeifthisacquaintancewouldliketogooutanddosomethingsociallywithyou.Ifyouhavecommoninterests，youmightsuggestthatthetwoofyoudosomethingtogetherthatinvolvesyourinterest.★Makeanefforttoacceptinvitations.Sometimespeoplethatyouknowmaybehavingabarbecueorothertypeofsocialgathering.Trytoensurethatyouareabletoattendandthenshowupattheappointedtime.13Ifyoumeetpeoplethatyouclickwith，youcanmakeaplantoseethemagaininthefutureoryoucaninviteyourfriendstoyourowneventandaskthemtoextendtheinvitationtothefriendsthatwereattheirgatheringtoo.★Goout，evenwhenyoudon’tfeellikeit.Itturnsoutthatwhenpeopleinvitesomeonetojointhemfordinneroramovieorsomethingelse，theyreallywanttohangoutwithyou.1415Butonceyouhaveusedthesamemethodsafewtimesyouwillknowexactlywhatworksandwhatdoesnot.Don’tgiveup，everyoneisdifferentanditjusttakestimetogettoknowpeople.A．Expandoncurrentrelationships.B．Tryingtomakenewfriendscanbeannoyingatfirst.C．Doyouworkwithpeoplethatyougetalongwellwith?D．Butdon’tcallthemseveraltimesadayorevenseveraltimesperweek.E．Bemoresocialandyou’llmakeyourlifemoreexcitingandfulfilled.F．Ifyoutendtosay“no”often，peoplewilleventuallystopaskingyoutogowiththem.G．Thesetypesofgatheringsoftenleadtomeetingdifferentpeoplewhoarefriendsoffriends.(11．答案E解析上文提到如何处理这种情况？(很难结交新朋友)E项(变得合群，让你的生活更加丰富)回答了上文的问题，符合语境。12．答案A解析根据下文主要讲在你的既定交际圈发展朋友，与A项(扩展你现有的交际范围)相一致。13．答案G解析上句讲接受邀请并按时赴约，下文讲回邀朋友并请他们邀请他们的朋友一同赴约，与G项中的friendsoffriends相一致。14．答案F解析根据上文别人邀请你吃饭或看电影时是真的想和你一起消磨时光，所以你不想去也要去。F项(如果你总是说不，别人就不会再邀请你)顺承上文，引出不去的后果，与上下文一致。15．答案B解析根据下文“Butonceyouhaveusedthesamemethodsafewtimesyouwillknowexactlywhatworksandwhatdoesnot.”可知，前后应为转折关系，But后指找到了方法，故上文应是“刚开始时交朋友是令人困扰的”。故选B。4Thedayswhenacellphonewasusedfornothingbeyondcallingandtextingaregone.Today，weturnsmartphonesintomagicalmachineswithappsthattransformthemintomusicalinstrumentsorbusinessmachinesorvideoplayers.Butitturnsoutthatweareonlysearchingthesurface.Whoknewthatsmartphoneswouldmakeprettygoodsatellites？16Smartphonesforecasttheweather.NetworkingexpertOpenSignalhasdiscoveredsomethinginteresting：thesensorsinAndroidphonesdesignedtomeasurebatterytemperature，light，pressureandsooncanbeusedtogeneratesurprisinglyaccurateweatherreports.17Smartphonessavetherainforests.Detectingillegallogging(监测盗伐)maysoundlikeanovel(新奇的)app，18：inIndonesia，thenon­profitorganizationRainforestConnectionwantstousedonatedAndroidphonestodetectillegallogging.AsNewscientistreports，“Thephonesareequippedwithsolarpanelsspecificallydesignedtotakeadvantageofthebriefperiodswhenlightreachestheforestfloor.Theirmicrophonesstayonatalltime，andthesoftwarelistensforthesoundofachainsaw(链锯)．”19ResearchersattheuniversityofIllinoishavedevelopedaniPhoneappthatturnsthephoneintoafullyfeaturedmobilemedicallabthatusesthephone’scameratodetectproteins，bacteria，virusesandotherorganisms.Smartphonesdrivecars.Google’sself­drivingcarscarryaround30,000ofhigh­techhardwareandsensors，butstudentsatAustralia’sGriffithUniversitythinktheycangetthejobdonewithasinglesmartphone.20A．butit’saseriousbusinessB．Herearesomeusesforsmartphonesthemakersprobablydidn’timagine.C．soitcanbeusedtodetectthesoundofachainsawD．Ithasbeenusedinmanyfields.E．Getenoughphonesinvolvedandyouwillhaveaweathersensingnetwork.F．Smartphonesserveasmobilemedicallabs.G．Theyhavebuiltamodelthatreliesmainlyonthephone’scameraandbuilt­inGPS.语篇解读文章给我们介绍了智能手机的一些我们不太了解的新功能，如用于预报天气、监测盗伐、医疗实验、驾车定位等。16．答案B解析本段讲述了手机功能越来越多，但还有一些我们不知道的功能，而下文则列举了智能手机的一些新功能。B项承上启下，引出更多功能，故选B。17．答案E解析本段主要讲手机预报天气的功能，E项涉及到预报天气并形成气象网络，符合文意，故选E。18．答案A解析本段主要讲手机能监测盗伐树木的功能。上句说“监测盗伐听起来可能是个新奇的应用”，而下句则讲到了该功能的具体应用，故前后应为转折关系。A项与此相符，故选A。19．答案F解析本段主要讲手机在医疗方面的应用，F项与此相符，故选F。20．答案G解析本段主要讲智能手机的驾车功能、定位功能，G项符合文意，故选G。Ⅰ.单词梳理A．词汇与派生1．parkvt.→parkingn.2．originn．→originaladj.3．traditionn．→traditionaladj.4．appointvt.→appointedadj.5．invitevt.→invitationn.6．briefadj.→brieflyadv.7．surprisen．&vt.→surprisingadj.8．gathervi.→gatheringn.B．选用上述词汇的正确形式填空1．WewillhaveabiggatheringthiscomingSaturday.2．Theappointedhouroftheceremonywasdrawingnearer.3．Isentheraninvitationbutshedeclined.4．Itisnotsurprisingthatchildrenlearntoreadatdifferentrates.5．Allkindsoftraditionalcraftindustriesarepreservedhere.6．IknewI’dneverfindaparkingspaceinthesquare.7．TheIndiansweretheoriginalinhabitantsofNorthAmerica.8．Briefly，nolessthannineofouragentshavepassedinformationtous.Ⅱ.短语提炼A．根据汉语提示写出文中短语1．帮忙；帮助……解决困难help(...)out2．担心；挂念beconcernedabout3．作为回报inreturn4．处理，对付dealwith5．相处；进展getalongwith6．用……装备beequippedwith7．利用takeadvantageofB．运用上述短语完成下列句子1．人们开始担心他们的安全。Peoplearegoingtobeconcernedabouttheirsecurity.2．我不在这儿工作，我现在只是来帮忙的。Idon’tworkhere.Ijusthelpoutatthemoment.3．趁天气好，我把房子刷了一遍漆。Itookadvantageofthegoodweathertopaintthehouse.4．他和办公室里的同事们相处得很好。Hegotalongverywellwiththecolleaguesattheoffice.5．我想他改天就会处理这个问题。Ithinkhe’sjustgoingtodealwiththisproblemanotherday.6．他的汽车装了空调。Hiscarisequippedwithairconditioning.7．为了报答他的帮助，我给他送了份礼物。Isenthimapresentinreturnforhishelp.Ⅲ.句式活学运用1．Thereareseveralwaysthatyoucanmeetpeoplethatyoumightnothaveconsideredinthepast.句式分析句中第