挑战练03 阅读理解(主旨大意题)(解析版)-2020-2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)

2020~2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)03阅读理解(主旨大意题)1Callingalltealovers:thenexttimeyoureachforacupoftea,trygreentea—ifyouwanttolengthenyourlife.That’saccordingtoanewstudyrecentlyconcludedbyresearcherswiththeChineseAcademyofMedicalSciences.Researchersfound“habitual”teadrinkers—whomtheydefinedasdrinkingteaatleastthreeormoretimesaweek—hadlongerandhealthierlivesthanthosewhodidnotdrinkteaasregularly.Butthesebenefitswereonlyseeninthosewhodrankgreentea,notblacktea.Tocometothisconclusion,researchersanalyzed100,902Chineseparticipantswithnohistoryofheartattackorcancer.Theyweredividedintotwogroups,thosewhodrankteathreeormoretimesaweek,andthosewhodranktealessthanthreetimesaweek.Participantswerethenfollowed-upaftersevenyears.Intheend,theresearchersfoundthatregularteadrinkershada20percentlowerriskofsufferingfromheartdisease,anda22percentlowerriskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhoneverorseldomdranktea.Then,tolookatthe“potentialinfluenceofchangesinteadrinkingbehavior,”researchersabouteightyearslatertookapartofstudyparticipants—14,081people—andassessedthemafterfiveyears.Finally,theyfoundthosewhocontinuedtodrinkteathreeormoretimesaweekhada56percentlowerriskofdeadlyheartdisease.Butwhyisgreenteamorebeneficialthanblack?SeniorauthorDr.DongfengGusaidthatgreenteaisrichinpolyphenols(多酚),asapreviousstudyshows,which,“protectagainstcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseanditsriskfactors.”Blacktea,ontheotherhand,isfermented(发酵),duringwhichprocess“polyphenolsmaylosetheirantioxidanteffects.”“Inourstudypopulation,49%ofhabitualteadrinkersconsumedgreenteamostfrequently,whileonly8%preferredblacktea,”hesaid.“Thesmallpercentageofhabitualblackteadrinkersmightmakeitmoredifficulttoobservestrongassociations,butourfindingshintatadifferentialeffectbetweenteatypes.”1.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocess. B.Theresearchpurpose.C.Theresearchsubjects. D.Theresearchfindings.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“hintat”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Assess. B.Examine. C.Produce. D.Indicate.3.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GreenTeaorBlackTea,That’saQuestionB.TeaDrinking:aCommonPracticeinChinaC.GreenTeaDrinkersmayEnjoyaLongerLifeD.TeaTime:Relaxing,RefreshingandRewarding【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了喝绿茶可以降低患心脏病的风险并且让身体更加健康。1.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Theyweredividedintotwogroups,thosewhodrankteathreeormoretimesaweek,andthosewhodranktealessthanthreetimesaweek.(他们被分为两组，一组是每周喝茶三次或更多，另一组是每周喝茶少于三次)”可知，研究者把参与者们分成了两组。由此可知，本段主要介绍了实验的具体过程与操作。故选A。2.词义猜测题。根据所猜词的前一部分“Thesmallpercentageofhabitualblackteadrinkersmightmakeitmoredifficulttoobservestrongassociations(一小部分习惯喝红茶的人可能更难观察到这种强烈的联系)”可知，喝红茶的人不太容易观察到喝茶与健康之间的联系。再结合所猜词后的“adifferentialeffectbetweenteatypes(茶的种类之间存在差异)”可知，其实不同种类的茶是有区别的。所以喝红茶的人不容易觉察到联系，但是通过我们的研究表明，其实茶与茶之间是有区别的。由此推知，所猜词的意思为“表明、指示”。故选D。3.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“thenexttimeyoureachforacupoftea,trygreentea—ifyouwanttolengthenyourlife(下次你想喝一杯茶的时候，试试绿茶——如果你想延长寿命的话)”可知，全文主要介绍了喝绿茶可以延长寿命。那么C项GreenTeaDrinkersmayEnjoyaLongerLife(喝绿茶可能更长寿)符合题意。故选C。2AnunusualexperimentinBotswanasuggeststhatpaintingeyesontherear(臀部)endsofcowsmayhelpprotectthemfromlargepredators(食肉动物)likelions.Protectingcowscouldalsoendupprotectingthelionsfromangryfarmers.Largepredatorslikelionsareunderpressure.Muchofthelandtheyusedtoroam(徜徉)hasbeentakenoverbyhumans.Manyarehuntedillegally.Oneseriousthreattolargepredatorscomesfromfarmers,whooftenshootorpoisonthemafterlosingfarmanimalsfortheirattacks.ThishaslongbeenaproblemintheOkavangoDelta.SomepartsoftheOkavangoareprotected,buttherearealsomanysmallfarmsinthearea,withbetween6and100cows.Lionsarethebiggestthreattocattleinthearea.Atnight,farmersnormallykeeptheiranimalsinclosedareasprotectedfrompredators.Butinthedaytime,whenmanypredatorsaremostactive,thecattleareallowedouttoeatgrass.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofNewSouthWaleswonderedifpaintingpicturesofeyesonthecows'rearendsmightprotectthem.Theideaisn'tasstrangeasitmaysound.Therearemanyexamplesofanimalssuchasbutterfliesorfishusingfake“eyes”toprotectthemselves.Workingwithover2,000cows8on14differentfarmsintheOkavangoarea,thescientiststestedtheirideasinafour-yearstudy.Theresearchersseparatedthecowsintothreedifferentgroups.Theypaintedlargeeyesontherearendsofonegroupofcows.ThesecondgroupgotsimpleXs.Thefinalgroupgotnothing.Theeyesworkedverywell.Ofthe683cowswitheyespaintedonthem,nonewerekilledinthefour-yearperiod.Cowswithnothingontheirrearendsdidn'tdosowell.Fifteenofthe835cowswithbarebacksideswerekilled.ThescientistsweresurprisedtolearnthatevenXsseemedtogivethecowssomeprotection.Only4ofthe543cowswithXswerekilled.4.Whatmakesfarmersbecomeathreattolargepredators?A.Huntingthemformeat.B.Defendingthemselves.C.Protectingfarmanimals.D.Shootingthemforpleasure.5.Whyarebutterfliesmentioned?A.Theyareclosetolife.B.Theircolorsvary.C.Theyarefierceenough.D.Theirfakeeyeswork.6.Howisthefifthparagraphcarriedout?A.Bylistingthenumberofcows.B.Bypresentingthefactsoftests.C.Byanalyzingthevarietiesoftests.D.Byshowingthedifferencesoftests.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ProtectingCowsProvesUrgent.B.LionsBecomeEnemiesofCows.C.FakeEyesProtectCowsfromLions.D.CowsAreinDangerofExtinction.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.C【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍，为了更好地保护牛免遭大型食肉动物的危害，人们在牛后部涂上眼睛。4.细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Largepredatorslikelionsareunderpressure.Muchofthelandtheyusedtoroam(徜徉)hasbeentakenoverbyhumans.Manyarehuntedillegally.Oneseriousthreattolargepredatorscomesfromfarmers,whooftenshootorpoisonthemafterlosingfarmanimalsfortheirattacks.(像狮子这样的大型食肉动物正处于压力之下。它们曾经漫游的大部分土地都被人类占领了。许多人被非法猎杀。对大型食肉动物的一个严重威胁来自于农民，他们在袭击中失去农场动物后经常射杀或毒杀大型食肉动物)”可知，农民成为了大型食肉动物的威胁，其原因就是为了保护家畜。故选C。5.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Therearemanyexamplesofanimalssuchasbutterfliesorfishusingfake‘eyes’toprotectthemselves.(有很多动物比如蝴蝶和鱼用假眼睛保护自己的例子)”可推知，它们的假眼睛很有效。故选D。6.推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Workingwithover2,000cows8on14differentfarmsintheOkavangoarea,thescientiststestedtheirideasinafour-yearstudy.Theresearchersseparatedthecowsintothreedifferentgroups.Theypaintedlargeeyesontherearendsofonegroupofcows.ThesecondgroupgotsimpleXs.Thefinalgroupgotnothing.(科学家们在奥卡万戈地区14个不同的农场饲养了2000多头牛，在一项为期4年的研究中测试了他们的想法。研究人员将奶牛分成三组。他们在一群牛的尾部画上了大眼睛。第二组得到简单的X。最后一组什么都没有得到)”可知，此段主要是通过陈述测试的事实进行展开的。故选B。7.主旨大意题。文章由第一段“AnunusualexperimentinBotswanasuggeststhatpaintingeyesontherear(臀部)endsofcowsmayhelpprotectthemfromlargepredators(食肉动物)likelions.Protectingcowscouldalsoendupprotectingthelionsfromangryfarmers.(在博茨瓦纳进行的一项不寻常的实验表明，在牛的尾部画上眼睛可能有助于保护它们免受狮子等大型食肉动物的伤害。保护奶牛也可能最终使狮子免遭愤怒的农民的伤害)”可知，选项CFakeEyesProtectCowsfromLions.(假眼睛保护奶牛免受狮子的伤害)能够概况本文中心。故选C。3HartleygottoGentralSlalionnearlyanhourbeforehistrainwasduetoleave.Alifetimeinthetheatrehadgivenhimahealthy—indeedexcessive(过分的)—senseofpunctuality;alifetimeofunwantedcupsofcoffee,constantcheckingofthetime,yetanotherturnaroundtheblockbeforethatalltoooftenpointless,tiresomeaudition(试镜).Hartleywas75—prettyfitforhisage,legsholdinglip,memorystilltickingovernicely—thoughtheoccasionsforpunctualitywerenowratherfewer.Buthewasacreatureofhabitandcouldn’tchangenow.Herepairedtotherestaurantpurchasedacoffeeandablueberrymuffin,tiredandfailedtofindalitter-freetable.Thecoffeewasawful,themuffinwasstale—butthecoffeewasalwaysawful,themuffinalwaysstale.Hartleyrefusedtolethimselfbeannoyed.Hisvisittothecityhadnotbeenwithoutitspleasures.Lunchwithanoldactor-chum(好友),thenafilm—regrettablynotutilizing(利用)hisowntalents—hadroundedoutanagreeableday.Hartleywasagoodactor,althoughthecallsonhistalentswerenowinfrequent.Butreally,hethoughtdraininghisawfulcoffee,he’dhadareasonablygoodcareer.Somethingtobeproudof.Buthe’dneverhadthatbreak-throughpart.Heheadedforhisplatform.Justasthetrainwasabouttopulloutamanrandowntheplatform,jumpedaboardasthedoorslammedshutandsankintotheseatnexttoHartley.“Cuttingitabitfine”,hesaid.“Indeed”,Hartleyreplied.“Acloserunthing”.Theman—forty-ish,amiablelooking—gavehimanamusedglance.Thisbriefexchangeservedasanadequateice-breakerandtheychattedtheirwaythroughtheoutersuburbsandintothecountryside.Havingsatisfactorilydisposedofthesadstateoftherailways,countryversuscityliving,hisneighbouraskedHartleywhathedid—orhaddone—foraliving.Hartleyhatedtellingpeoplehewasanactor.Hewasnotashamedofhisjob.Notintheleast,buthehadlongtiredofreactionsrangingfrom“whathaveIseenyouin”to“howdoyoulearnallthoselines”.Soinsituationslikethishesimplyselectedanoccupationfromaformerrole.Bitrisky,ofcourse.Yousayyou’readoctorandfindyourselfmeetingthequizzical（疑问的）gazeofaheartsurgeon.Buthe’dneverbeencaughtoutanditwasharmlessenoughgame,Hartleyfelt.Itamusedhim,andhe’dgivensomedamngoodperformancestoo.“I’malawyer”,hereplied.“Retiredseveralyearsago.Propertylaw.Bitofcriminalstuff”.Thetrainwasslowingdown.Themanglancedoutofthewindow.“Mystation.Ihadyouquitewrongthen”.Hestoodandtookdownhisbriefcasefromtheoverheadrack.“Yes,I’dhavesaidyouwereanactor.Thevoiceespecially.Still,lawyersareactorsinaway,don’tyouthink?Plentyofdramainacourtroom”.Thetraindrewintothestation.“I’mafilmdirector.Castingafeatureatthemoment.Youstudyfaces.Onthetrain.Everywhere.Alwaysonthelookout.Anyway,enjoyedourchat.Bye.”8.WhatdidHartleythinkofhisnottellinghisoccupation?A.Harmfultohisactingcareer. B.AmusingdespitetheriskC.Helpfultoprotecthisidentity D.Upsettingwhencaughtout.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutHartley’stravelcompanionfromtheunderlinedsentence“Ihadyouquitewrongthen.”?A.HeassumedHartleyhadgivenanotheranswer.B.HeunderstoodHartley’sprofessionwasacting.C.HethoughtHartleypracticedadifferentprofession.D.HemistookHartleyforanotherperson.10.Theuseoftheword“Bye”attheendofthestory________.A.showsthereadershowunexpectedlyHartley’scareerendsB.describesHanley’sshockonfindingthemanisadirectorC.confirmsHartley'slackofluckinspiteofhisactingskillsD.provesthemanwillreconsidergivingHartleyachancetoact11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthestory?A.Actingup B.EmploytalentsC.Selectinganoccupation D.Castingafeature【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.A【解析】本文属于记叙文。文章主要讲述了哈特利在火车上碰到了一个电影导演，互相演戏，隐藏了自己的真实职业，最终错失了一个机会。8.细节理解题。根据第十一段“Soinsituationslikethishesimplyselectedanoccupationfromaformerrole.Bitrisky,ofcourse.Yousayyou’readoctorandfindyourselfmeetingthequizzical(疑问的)gazeofaheartsurgeon.”以及“Itamusedhim,andhe’dgivensomedamngoodperformancestoo.”可知，每当遇到这样的情况，他会选择之前的一个角色作为回答。这么做是有风险的，比如你说你是一个医生，但是会遇到一个心脏外科医生怀疑的目光。但是，这也让他觉得很有趣，他也呈现了很好的表演，故选B。9.词句猜测题。根据上文““I’malawyer”,hereplied.“Retiredseveralyearsago.Propertylaw.Bitofcriminalstuff.””以及下文““Yes,I’dhavesaidyouwereanactor.Thevoiceespecially.Still,lawyersareactorsinaway,don’tyouthink?Plentyofdramainacourtroom”.”可知，哈特利告诉他是一个律师，但是他认为他是一个演员，尤其是声音。由此推知，划线部分的意思是他认为哈特利从事不同的职业，故选C。10.推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’mafilmdirector.Castingafeatureatthemoment.Youstudyfaces.Onthetrain.Everywhere.Alwaysonthelookout.Anyway,enjoyedourchat.Bye.”可知，我是一名电影导演。此刻投出一个特写。你在研究面孔。在火车上。到处都是。一直在寻找。无论如何，享受我们的聊天，再见。由此推知，在故事结尾处使用“再见”这个词证实了哈特利尽管他有表演技巧仍然缺乏运气。故选C。11.主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了哈特利在火车上碰到了一个电影导演，互相演戏，隐藏了自己的真实职业，最终错失了一个机会。由此可知，Actingup(运作不正常；出毛病)适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。4Anewstudyfoundevidencethatdogsdevelopedinphysicalwaystopresent“puppydogeyes”asawaytohelpconnectwithhumans.Thestudycomparedthefacialmuscles(肌肉)ofdogsandwolves,whichshareancestralhistory.Dogsbrokeofffromwolvesafterbeingdomesticated(驯化)about33,000yearsago.Duringthattimedogschangedphysicallyandbehaviorallytoadapttolifewithhumans.Theresearchersexaminedtheheadsofsixdogsandtwowolvesforcomparison.Theyfoundthefacialstructuresofbothanimalsweremostlyverysimilar.Butonemajordifferencewasfoundabovetheeyes.Thedogswerefoundtohavetwowell-formedmusclesaroundtheeyethatwerenotpresentinthewolves.Thesesmallmusclespermitdogstoraisetheirinnereyebrows,thestudyfound.JulianeKaminski,acomparativepsychologistfromtheresearchsuggeststhiseyebrow-risingmovementcauses“awarm”feelingsinhumansbecauseitmakesthedogs’eyesappearlarger.Thisexpressionalsomakesthedoglookmorelikeahumanbaby.Theeyemovementissimilartothatwhichhumansmakewhentheyaresad.“Theevidenceisveryobviousthatdogsdevelopedamuscletoraisetheinnereyebrowsaftertheyweredomesticatedfromwolves,”Kaminskisaid.Inaseparatepartofthestudy,theresearchersobservedhow27dogsandninewolvesinteractedwithahuman.“Wealsostudieddogs’andwolves’behavior.Andwhenexposedtoahumanfortwominutes,dogsraisedtheirinnereyebrowsmoreandhigherthanwolves,”Kaminskisaid.Theresearcherssuggestthattheeyemovementsdevelopedovertimeasawayfordogstogethumanstodothingsforthem,suchasgivingthemfood,careorattention.TheonlydogspeciesinthestudythatdidnothavethemuscleswastheSiberianhusky,whichisanancientkindofdog.Thehuskycouldbethebestlivingexampleofwhatthelinkbetweendogs,andwolveslookedlike.12.Whatisthedifferencefoundbetweendogsandwolves?A.Dogshaveniceeyebrows.B.Theyhavedifferentancestors.C.Theyhaveeasilydistinguishablefaces.D.Dogshaveadditionalmusclesaroundtheeyes.13.WhatdoesJulianeKaminskimostprobablysuggestinParagraph4?A.Dogshavedevelopedinordertogetalongwithhumans.B.Dogshavelearnedfacialexpressionsfromhumanbabies.C.Dogsareintentionallyraisingtheireyebrowstopleasehumans.D.Dogshavechangedtheirbehaviorstogetfoodfromhumans.14.WhatcanwesayaboutaSiberianhusky?A.Ithasloveliereyesthantheotherdogs.B.Itseemsmuchmorelikeawolfthanadog.C.Itcanraiseitseyebrowshigherthanmostdogsdo.D.Itisbetteratlinkingwithhumansthananordinarydog.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theevolutionofthewolves.B.Dogs’abilitytoconnectwithhumans.C.Thesimilaritiesbetweendogsandwolves.D.Changesindogscausedbydomestication.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究发现的狗在驯化过程中发生的变化。12.细节理解题。根据第三段“Thedogswerefoundtohavetwowell-formedmusclesaroundtheeyethatwerenotpresentinthewolves.（研究人员发现，狗的眼睛周围有两块形状完好的肌肉，而狼没有。）”可知，狼和狗的区别在于狗的眼睛周围有额外的肌肉，而狼没有。故选D项。13.推理判断题。根据第四段“JulianeKaminski,acomparativepsychologistfromtheresearchsuggeststhiseyebrow-risingmovementcauses“awarm”feelingsinhumansbecauseitmakesthedogs’eyesappearlarger.Thisexpressionalsomakesthedoglookmorelikeahumanbaby.Theeyemovementissimilartothatwhichhumansmakewhentheyaresad.（该研究的比较心理学家朱莉安·卡明斯基表示，这种抬眉毛的动作会给人类带来“温暖”的感觉，因为它会让狗的眼睛看起来更大。这个表情也让狗看起来更像人类的婴儿。眼球运动与人类悲伤时的动作相似。）”可知，狗在进化的过程中一些表情变得更像人类，由此可以推断，它们是为了驯化之后适应和人类的相处，所以进行了身体上的改变。故选A项。14.细节理解题。根据最后一段“TheonlydogspeciesinthestudythatdidnothavethemuscleswastheSiberianhusky,whichisanancientkindofdog.Thehuskycouldbethebestlivingexampleofwhatthelinkbetweendogs,andwolveslookedlike.（研究中唯一一种没有这种肌肉的狗是西伯利亚哈士奇，这是一种古老的狗。哈士奇可能是狗和狼之间联系的最好例证。）”可知，西伯利亚哈士奇是一种眼部没有肌肉的狗，所以它像狼多一点。故选B项。15.主旨大意题。第一段“Anewstudyfoundevidencethatdogsdevelopedinphysicalwaystopresent“puppydogeyes”asawaytohelpconnectwithhumans.（一项新的研究发现，有证据表明，为了帮助与人类建立联系，狗会以身体上的方式表现出“小狗般的眼睛”。）”点名文章主旨，说明狗在驯化的过程中为了和人类建立联系，所以有了身体上的变化，接下来的内容主要讲述研究发现狗狗在驯化过程中具体的变化，所以D项“Changesindogscausedbydomestication.（狗因驯化引起的变化。）”概括文章主旨。故选D项。5Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It’snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequiresmultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelplanningandcoordinating,”shesays.“Youhavetobringordertotheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.”Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochallengeyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.16.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?A.Toassesstheirhealthstatus. B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Tomeasuretheirmentalability. D.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.17.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?A.Byusinganexpert’swords. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy. D.Byintroducingaconcept.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coordinating”inparagraph5mean?A.Cooperating. B.Budgeting. C.Teamworking. D.Organizing.19.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFunctionMayDeclineAsYouAge【答案】16.C17.B18.D19.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。16.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的心智能力。故选C。17.推理判断题。根据第四段中FranciscaThen说的话“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,(这就像体育锻炼一样有效)”及接下来进一步的解释“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.(长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态)”可知，FranciscaThen是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。故选B。18.词句猜测题。根据下文她说的“Youhavetobringordertotheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandgroceries.(你必须安排孩子们的活动，处理账单和杂货)”可推断，划线句说的是“经营一个家庭需要高水平的规划和协调”，划线词与D项“Organizing规划”意思相近。故选D。19.主旨大意题。第一段“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能的有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。故选C。6ThestructureofDNAplaysanimportantroleinmedicineandbiology.Butyoumaynotknowthatitsfounderisafemalescientistandgoesthroughalotonherwaytomakescientificresearch.RosalindFranklinwasborninLondon,EnglandonJuly25,1920.OnApril16,1958,atage38,shediedfromcancer.FranklinwasresponsibleformuchoftheresearchanddiscoveryworkthatledtotheunderstandingofthestructureofDNA.Franklinwasinterestedinscienceandattendedoneofthefewgirls'schoolsinLondonthattaughtphysicsandchemistry.Whenshewas15,shedecidedtobecomeascientist.Herfatherwasdecidedlyagainsthighereducationforwomenandwantedhertobeasocialworker.Franklin'sauntdecidedtosupportherandsheagreedtopayforherfullschooling.Withinweeks,Franklin'sauntgothermothertosupporthergoingtocollegealso.Monthslater,Franklin'sauntandmothergotherfathertoagreewithit.Franklinwasveryexcitedthatshewasgoingtocollegeanddidagoodjobinherstudy.Afterhergraduationfromcollege,FranklinstartedherresearchonDNA.However,thereweresomanyquarrelsinherlifebecauseFranklinandherresearchpartnerdidnotgetalong.Franklinandherpartner'sargumentssetthembackonthestudyofDNAquiteabit.AtthetimetheywereworkingagainstanotherpairtofindthestoryofDNA.BecauseofFranklinandherpartner'sfights,anotherpairfoundthestructureofDNAfirstandwontheNobelP