2023考研英语(一)真题及其解析

--2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题（答案版）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C],or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)CaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareasincludingChina,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically 1 outsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsof 2 .Thisword“Caravanserais”isa 3 ofthePersianword“karvan”,whichmeansagroupoftravellersoracaravanand‘seray’,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.ThePermcaravanwasusedto4 groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons, merchants,travellersorpilgrims.Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemoredeveloped,the6oftheCaravanseraisincreasedandservedasasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoadpossibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing8toextremeconditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced9theycouldbereachedinatraveltime.Caravanseraisservedasaninformall0pointforthevariouspeoplewhotravelledtheSilkRoad.11thosestructuresbecameimportantcentersforculture12andinteraction,withtravelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,13talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly14thedevelopmentofseveralcivilizations.Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand15inthetradeofgoodsalongtheSilkRoad.16,itwasfrequentlythefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand17suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis18thataround120000to15000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,19about3000areknownremaintoday,manyofwhicharein20.[A]【答案】C

[B]occupied [C]located [D]equipped[A]privately [B]regularly [C]respectively [D]permanently【答案】A[A]definition【答案】D[A]classify【答案】C[A]apartfrom【答案】C[A]construction【答案】A[A]doubted【答案】B[A]assigned【答案】B[A]sothat【答案】A[A]talking【答案】D[A]Bytheway【答案】D[A]heritage【答案】C[A]withregard【答案】C[A]completing【答案】B[A]aided【答案】A[A]Rather【答案】B[A]goinfor

[B]transition[B]record[B]insteadof[B]restoration[B]faced[B]subjected[B]evenif[B]starting[B]Onoccasion[B]revival[B]inspiteof[B]influencing[B]invested[B]Indeedstandupforsubstitution[C]describe[C]suchas[C]impression[C]accepted[C]accustomed[C]nowthat[C]breaking[C]Incomparison[C]exchange[C]aswellas[C]resuming[C]failed[C]Otherwisecloseinoncombination[D]connect[D]alongwith[D]evaluation[D]reduced[D]opposed[D]incase[D]meeting[D]Asaresult[D]status[D]inlinewith[D]pioneering[D]competed[D]However[D]stockupon【答案】D[A]【答案】A[A]until【答案】D[A]ruins【答案】APartADirections:

[B]predicted [C]recalled [D]implied[B]because [C]unless [D]although[B]debt [C]fashion [D]seriesSectionIIReadingComprehensionReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1TheweatherinTexasmayhavecooledsincetherecentextremeheat,butthetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeetinginAustinthismonthasofficialsdebatehowclimatechangeistaughtinTexasschools.PatHardy,whosympathizeswiththeviewsoftheenergysector,isresistingproposedchangestosciencestandardsforpre-teenpupils.Thesewouldemphasizetheprimacyofhumanactivityinrecentclimatechangeandencouragediscussionofmitigationmeasures.MostscientistsandexpertssharplydisputeHardy’sviews.TheycasuallydismissthecareerworkofscholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedDanQuinn,communicationsstrategistattheTexasFreedomNetwork,anon-profitgroupthatmonitorspubliceducation.“WhatmillionsofTexaskidslearnintheirpublicschoolsisdeterminedtoooftenbythepoliticalideologyofpartisanboardmembers,ratherthanfactsandsoundscholarship.”SuchdebatesreflectfiercediscussionsacrosstheUSandaroundtheworld,asresearchers,policymakers,teachersandstudentsstepupdemandsforagreaterfocusonteachingaboutfactsofclimatechangeinschools.AstudylastyearbytheNationalCenterforScienceEducation,non-profitgroupofscientistsandteachers,lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstatesagradeB+orhigher.Amongthe10worstperformersweresomeofthemostpopulousstates,includingTexas,whichwasgiventhelowestgrade(F)andhasadisproportionateinfluencebecauseitstextbooksarewidelysoldelsewhere.GlennBranch,thecentre’sdeputydirector,cautionsthatsettingstatesciencestandardsisonlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountrythatdecentralisesdecisionstolocalschoolboards.Evenifastateisconsideredahighperformerinitssciencestandards,thatdoesnotmeanitwillbetaught”,hesays.Anotherissueisthat,whileclimatechangeiswellintegratedintosomesubjectsandatsomeages-suchasearthandspacesciencesinhighschools-itisnotaswellrepresentedincurriculaforyoungerchildrenandinsubjectsthataremorewidelytaught,suchasbiologyandchemistry.Itisalsolessprominentinmanysocialstudiescourses.Branchpointsoutthat,evenifagrowingnumberofofficialguidelinesandtextbooksreflectscientificconsensusonclimatechange,unofficialeducationalmaterialsthatconveymoreslantedperspectivesarebeingdistributedtoteachers.Theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.InParagraph1,theweatherinTexasismentionedto .forecastapolicyshiftinTexasschoolsstresstheconsequencesofclimatechangeindicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeetingdrawthepublic’sattentiontoenergyshortages【答案】CWhatdoesQuinnthinkofSheexaggeratestheexistingpanic.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.Sheshowsnoconcernforpre-teens.Sheexpressesself-contradictoryviews.【答案】BThestudymentionedinparagraph5showsthat .climateeducationisinsufficientatstatepublicschoolspolicymakershavelittledriveforscienceeducationTexasisreluctanttorewriteitssciencetextbooks.environmentalteachinginsomestateslackssupervision.【答案】AAccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUS .callforregularrevisionrequireurgentapplicationhavelimitedinfluencecatertolocalneeds.【答案】CItisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschools .agreestomajorpublicdemandsreflectsteacherspersonalbiasesmaymisrepresenttheenergycanbeswayedbyexternalforces【答案】DText2CommunitiesthroughoutNewEnglandhavebeenattemptingtoregulateshort-termrentalssincesiteslikeAirbnbtookoffinthe2010s.Nowwithrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowanincreasedinsuchregulation,particularlyamongthoseworrythatdeveloperswillcomeinandbuyupswathsofhousingtoflipforafortuneonrentalmarket.InNewHampshire,wheretherentalvacancyratehasdroppedbelow1percent,housingadvocatesfearuncheckedshort-termrentalswillputfurtherpressureonanstrainedmarket.TheStateLegislaturerecentlyvotedagainstabillthatwould’vemadeitillegalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals.“Weareatacrisislevelonthesupplyofrentalhousing,”saidNickTaylor,executivedirectoroftheWorkforceHousingCoalitionoftheGreaterSeacoast.“WithoutenoughaffordablehousinginsouthernNewHlampshiretowns,employersarehavingahardfindingaplacetolive,”However,short-termrentalsalsoprovidehousingfortourists,pointedoutRyanCastle,CEOofalocalassociationoflotofworkersareservicingthetouristandtourismindustryisservicedbythosepeopleinshortterm,”Castlesaid,“andsoacyclicaleffect.”rentalsthemselvesarenotthecruxoftheissue,saidKerenHom,anexpertaffordablehousingpolicy.Ithinkindividualsbeingabletorentouttheirsecondhomeisagoodthing.Ifit’stheirvacationhomeanyway,andit’sjustempty,whycan’tyoumakemoneyoffit?”Hornsaid.Issuesarise,however,whendevelopersattempttocreatelarge-scaleshort-termrentalfactohotels—tobypasstaxesandregulations.Ithinkthequestionis,shouldn’tadeveloperwho’sreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel?”Hornsaid.Attheendof2018,governarCharlieBalkerofMassachusettssignedabilltoreininthosepotentialinvestor-buyers.Thebillrequireseveryrentalhosttoregisterwiththestatemandatestheycarryinsuranceandopensthepotentialforlocaltaxesontopofanewstatelevy.Bostontookthingsevenfurther,requiringrenterstoregisterwiththecity’sInspectionalServicesDepartment.Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitstrugglingcitiesandtowns,but“ifwewanttomakeachangeinthehousingmarket,themainoneiswehavetobuildalotmore.”WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?Itshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.Itscommunitiesareinneedoffunding.Itsrentalvacancyrateisgoingupslowly.Itshomepricesareunderstrictcontrol.【答案】AThebillmentionedinParagraph2wasintendedto .curbshort-termrentalspeculationensurethesupplyofcheaphousingpunishillegaldealingsinhousingallowafreeshort-termrentalmarket【答案】DComparedwithCastle,Taylorismorelikelytosupport .furtherinvestmentinlocaltourismanincreaseinaffordablehousingstrictmanagementofrealestateagentsafavorablepolicyforshort-termworkers【答案】BWhatdoesHornemphasizeinParagraph5?Theurgencytoupgradeshort-termrentalfacilities.Theefficientoperationofthelocalhousingmarket.Thenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.Theproperprocedureforrentingoutsparehouses.【答案】CHornholdsthatimposingregistrationrequirementsis .anirrationaldecisionanunfeasibleproposalanunnecessarymeasureaninadequatesolution【答案】DText3Ifyou’reheadingforyournearestbranchofWaterstones,thebiggestbookretailerintheUK,insearchoftheDuchessofnewbookTheBench,youmighthavetobepreparedtohuntaroundabit,thesamemaybetrueofThePresident’sDaughter,thenewthrillerbyBillClintonandJamesPatterson.BothofthesebooksarepublishednextbyPenguinRandomHouse(PRH),acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offTheproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPRHconfirmedthatithadintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones“ataverysignificantlevel”.ThetrademagazineTheBooksellerreportedthatWaterstonesbranchmanagerswerebeingtoldtoremovePRHbooksfromprominentareassuchastables,displayspacesandwindows,andwere“quietlyretiringthemtotheirrelevantsections”.PRHdeclinedtocommentontheissue,butaspokespersonfortold“WaterstonesarecurrentlyoperatingwithreducedcredittermsfromPRH,theonlypublisherintheUKtoplaceanylimitationsonourabilitytotrade.WearenotboycottingPRHtitlesbutwearedoingourutmosttoensurethatavailabilityforcustomersremainsgooddespitetheloweroveralllevelsofstock.Wearehopefulwithourshopsnowopenagainthatnormalitywillreturnandthatwewillbeallowedtobuyappropriately.Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusy.ThesalesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018.”Inthemeantime,PRHauthorshavebeenthelosers.Big-namePRHauthorsmaysufferabit,butthoseauthors,whonormallyrelyonpassionforpromotingbooksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingforanendtothedispute.ItcomesatatimewhenauthorsarealreadyworriedabouttheconsequencesoftheproposedmergerbetweenPRHandanotherbigpublisher,Simon&Schuster—thereductioninthenumberofunalignedUKpublishersistoleadtofewerbiddingwars,advances,andconformityintermsofwhatispublished.“ThisisallpartofawiderchangetowardsconcentrationofliteraryagentAndrewLownie.“Thepublishingindustrytalksaboutdiversityintermsofauthorsandstaffbutitalsoneedsapluralityofwaysofdeliveringintellectualcontact,choiceanddifferentvoices.Afterall,manyofthemostinterestingbooksinrecentyearshavecomefromsmallpublishers.”Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamongpublisherstobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.TheauthormentionstwobooksinParagraph1topresent .anongoingconflict.anintellectualconcept.aprevailingsentiment.aliteraryphenomenon.【答案】AWhydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections?Tonoticeable.ToTotoToina【答案】CWhatmessagedoesthespokespersonforWaterstonesseemtoconvey?TheircustomersremainThecreditlimitwillberemoved.Theirstockisunderestimated.Thebookmarketisratherslack.【答案】BWhatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?Salesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably.Lesser-knownPRHwritersbecomethetargetofcriticism.staffhesitatetopromotebig-nameWaterstonesbranchessufferaseverereductioninrevenue.【答案】AWhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLownie’sview?Smallpublishersoughttosticktogether.Bigpublisherswilllosetheirdominance.Thepublishingindustryishavingahardtime.Themergerofpublishersisaworrying【答案】DText4Scientificpapersaretherecordkeepersofprogressinresearch.Eachyearresearcherspublishmillionsofpapersinmorethan30,000journals.Thescientificcommunitymeasuresthequalityofthosepapersinanumberofways,includingtheperceivedqualityofthejournal(asreflectedbythetitle’simpactfactor)andthenumberofcitationsaspecificpaperaccumulates.Thecareersofscientistsandthereputationoftheirinstitutionsdependonthenumberandprestigeofthepaperstheyproduce,butevenmoresoonthecitationsattractedbythesepapers.Citationcartels,wherejournals,authors,andinstitutionsconspiretoinflatecitationnumbers,haveexistedforalongtime.In2016,researchersdevelopedanalgorithmtorecognizesuspiciouscitationpatterns,includinggroupsofauthorsthatdisproportionatelyciteoneanotherandgroupsofjournalsthatciteeachotherfrequentlytoincreasethefactorsoftheirpublications.anotherexpressionofpredatorybehaviorhasso-calledsupportserviceconsultanciesthatprovidelanguageandothereditorialsupporttoindividualauthorsandtojournalssometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheirarticles.Theadventofelectronicpublishingandauthors’needtofindoutletsfortheirpapersresultedinthousandsofnewjournals.Thebirthofpredatoryjournalswasn’tfarbehind.Thesejournalsactascowswheresinglearticleinanissuemayciteaspecificpaperoraseriesofpapers.Insomeinstances,thereisabsolutelynorelationshipbetweenthecontentofthearticleandthecitations.Thepeculiarpartisthatthejournalthattheeditorissupposedlyworkingforisnotprofitingatall—itisjustprovidingcitationstootherjournals.Suchpracticescanleadanarticletoaccruemorethan150citationsinthesameyearthatitwaspublished.Howinsidiousisthistypeofcitationmanipulation?Inoneexample,anindividual—actingasauthor,editor,andconsultant—wasabletouseatleast15journalsascitationproviderstoarticlespublishedbyfivescientistsatthreeuniversities.TheproblemisrampantinScopus,acitationdatabase,whichincludesahighnumberofthenew“international”journals.Infact,alistinginScopusseemstobeacriteriontobetargetedinthistypeofcitationmanipulation.Scopusitselfhasallthedatanecessarytodetectthismalpractice.Redflagsincludealargenumberofcitationstoanarticlewithinthefirstyear.Andforauthorswhowishtosteerclearofcitationcartelactivities:whenanaorasupportserviceasksyoutoaddinappropriatereferences,donotobligeanddoreporttherequesttothejournal.AccordingtoParagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedeterminedby .howmanycitationstheirworkscontain.howmanytimestheirpapersarecited.theprestigeofthepeopletheyworkwith.thestatustheyhaveinscientificcircles.【答案】BThesupportserviceconsultanciestendto .recommendjournalstotheirclients.listcitationpatternstheirclients.askauthorstoincludeextracitations.advisecontributorstociteeachother.【答案】CTheFunctionofthe“milkcow”journalsisto .boostcitationcountsforcertainauthors.helpscholarspublisharticlesatlowcost.instructFirst-timecontributorsincitation.increasethereadershipofnewjournals.【答案】AWhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraphs?ItFosterscompetitionamongcitationproviders.Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitations.Ithindersthegrowthof“international”journals.Itisestablishedtopreventcitationmanipulation.【答案】BWhatshouldanauthordotodealwithcitationmanipulators?anSeekprofessionaladviceRevealtheirmisconduct.【答案】DPartBDirections:ThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorderForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Handfillingthemintothenumberedbox.ParagraphsA,EandHhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)yearmarkedthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofphotographsbyrenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Jacksonsnappedthe1st-evershotsoficoniclandmarkssuchastheOldFaithfulandtheColoradoRockies.OnalateexpeditionthroughtheYellowstoneBasinthatwasconductedbytheheadoftheU.S.GeologicalandGeographicalSurveyoftheTerritories,FerdinandHayden.Theteamincludedameteorologist,azoologist,amineralogist,andanagriculturalstatistician.Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.Oneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationefforts—andrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticular—cameintheformofvividphotographs.AsanHaydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeonexpedition'sstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutcopiesanddistributedthemalongwithreproductionsofMoran'spaintings,toeachmemberofCongress"Thevisualization,particularlythosephotographs,reallyhithomethatthisissomethingthathastobeprotected,"Throughoutthetrip,Jacksonjuggledmultiplecamerasandplatesizesusingthe"collodionprocess"thatrequiredhimtocoattheplateswithamixture,thenexposeanddeveloptheresultingimageswithaportabledarkroom.Thecrudetechniquerequirededucatedguessesonexposuretimes,andinvolvedheavyawkwardequipment-severalmenhadtoassistinitstransportation.Despitethesechallenges,Jacksoncaptureddozensofstrikingphotos,rangingfrommajesticimageslikehisnowfamoussnapshotofOldFaithful,tocasualportraitsexpeditionmembersatthecamp.Whileveteransofpreviousexpeditionswroteatlengthaboutstunningtrailsights,thesevividphotographswereanotherthingentirely.ThejourneyofficiallybeganinOgden,UtahonJune8,1871.Overnearlyfourmonths,dozensofmenmadetheirwayonhorsebackintoMontanaandtraversedalongtheYellowstoneRiverandYellowstonefallthesurveyinFortWyoming.ThoughNativeAmericans(andlaterminersandfurtrappers)hadlongrecognizedthearea'sriches,Americansdidnot.That'swhyHayden'sexpeditionaimedtoproduceaunderstandingoftheYellowstoneRiverregion,fromitshotspringsandwaterfallstoitsvarietyoffloraandfauna.Inadditiontotheentourageofscientists,theteamalsoincludedartists:PainterThomasMoranandphotographerHenryJacksonwerewithcapturingastoundingnaturalbeautyandsharingitwiththeworld.ThebillprovedlargelypopularandsailedthroughCongresswithlargemajoritiesinfavor.Inquicksuccession,theSenateandHousepassedlegislationprotectingYellowstoneinearly1872.ThatMarch,PresidentUlyssesS.GrantsignedanactintolawthatestablishedYellowstoneastheworld'sfirstnationalpark.Somelocalsopposedthedesignation,thedecisionwaslargelyaccepted-andJackson'sphotosplayedakeyroleinthefighttoprotectthearea."Idon'tbelievethatthelegalprotectionwouldhavehappenedinthetimeframethatitdidwithoutthoseimages,"saysHansen,journalistandauthorofProphetsandMoguls,RangersandRogues,BisonordBears:100yearsofthenationalParkService.Perhapsmostimportantly,theseimagesprovideddocumentaryevidenceofthepark'ssightsthatlatermadeitswaytogovernmentofficials.Weeksaftercompletingtheexpedition,Haydencollectedhisteam'sobservationsintoanextensivereportaimedatconvincingsenatorsrepresentatives,alongwithcolleaguesatgovernmentagenciesliketheDepartmentoftheInterior,thatYellowstoneoughttobepreserved(andthathisdepartmentdeservedadditionalfunds).41. →A→42. →E→43. →H→44. 45. 【答案】B【答案】F【答案】D【答案】C【答案】GPartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)TherehasbeensomeexplorationaroundtheuseofAIindigitalmarketing.Forexample,AIcanbeusedtoanalysewhattypeofadvertisingcontentorcopywouldbeappropriateto‘speak’toaspecifictargetcustomergroupbyrevealinginformationabouttrendsandpreferencesthroughanalysisofbigdata.(46)AIcanbeusedtothelifestylechoicesofregardingtheirhobbiesfavouritecelebritiesmusicchoicesandfashionstoprovideuniquecontentinmarketingmessagesputoutthroughsocialmedia.AtthesametimeAIcanalsobeusedgeneratecontentforsocialmediapostsandchatsites.AIcanalsoprovideabridgebetweentheneedofthebrandtocommunicateemotionallywiththecustomerandidentifyingtheirrapidlychangingneeds.WhileworkingatPWC,NorbertWirthwroteanarticleonAlwhereheidentifiedthatmarketersareequallyeagerandhesitantinadoptingAIbecausesynthesizingallthesedifferentfunctionspresentsthemwithnewchallenges.AIcanhelpmarketerstocreateclearmarketingmessagesandchoosetheattractivemarketingmixforeachsegment.AspecificexamplewouldbetheuseofAIindevelopingthecustomerjourneybyautomatingallthedifferenttouchpoints(whentheorganizationshouldcontactthepotentialcustomer)throughbehaviouralanalyticssothattheyarethemosteffectiveforthatcustomerorcustomergroup.ThemaindisadvantageofusingAItorespondtocustomersisthatthereareconcernsabouttrustingpersonalinteractionstomachineswhichcouldleadnottothesubsequentlossinterpersonalconnectionsbutalsotoadecreaseinmarketingpersonnel.(47)SomebelievethatAIisnegativelyimpactingonthemarketer'srolebyreducingcreativityandremovingjobs,buttheyareawarethatitisawayofreducingcostsandcreatingnewinformation.ByallowingAItodevelopcontentsomebrandmarketersfindthatarelosingcontroloverthebrandnarrative.(48)Algorithmsthatareusedtostimulatehumaninteractionsarecreatingmanyoftheseconcernsespeciallyasno-oneisquitesurewhattheoutcomesofusingAItointeractwithcustomerswillbe.ForAItobesuccessful,dataneedstobeaccessible,buttheuseofpersonaldataisbecomingmoreregulatedandtheautomatedsharingofdataisbecomingmoredifficult.(49)IfcustomersnotwillingtosharedataAIwillbestarvedofessentialinformationandwillnotbeabletofunctionormachinelearningtoitsmarketingcontentandcommunication.Therefore,unlesscustomersarepreparedtosignreleaseagreements,theuseofAImaybecomesomewhatrestrictedinthefuture.NotonlycanAIhelptocreatethemarketingcontentbutitcanalsoprovideanon-intrusivewayofdeliveringthecontenttothecustomers.Datacangatheredonwherethecanbeengaged,suchaslocationdevicesused,websiteinteractions,andsitesvisited,todisplaymarketingmessagesinappropriateformsincludingemailssocialmediaposts,pop-upadvertisements,andbannersatanappropriatefrequency.(50)Thenon-intrusivedeliveryofthemarketingmessagesinawaythatissensitivetotheneedsofthetargetcustomerisoneofthecriticalchallengestothedigitalmarketer.Understandinghumansmaybecomplicated,butwerevealaconsiderableamountaboutwhatappealstousthroughourbrowsinghistory.【答案】时尚，从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容。也意识到，这是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式。能与客户互动的结果会是什么情况下。使用机器学习来改善其营销内容和传播。以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式非侵入式地传递营销信息是数字营销人员面临的关键挑战