从《奥兰多》看“双性同体”对实现自身价值的影响

论文题目：从《奥兰多》看“双性同体”对实现自身价值的影响Contents Title InfluenceofAndrogynyinOrlandoonRealizingOne’sOwnValueAbstract:The“Androgyny”wasoriginallyproposedbyPlato,butonlyatthetheologicallevel.Fromarealisticpointofview,thisconceptwasfirstoriginatedfromVirginiaWoolfwhoisapioneerintheBritishfeministliterature.Woolf'sOrlandointensivelyincarnatesthe“Androgyny”.Bymeansofirony,allusionsandimages,theauthordepictstheprotagonist’sexperiencesfromtheElizabethanagetotheVictorianera,duringwhichheistransformedfromamanintoawomanandwandersinvariousclassesformorethanfourhundredyears.Thispaperfocusesonshowingtheinfluenceof“Androgyny”onhumanvaluebyresearchingOrlando,basedonthesocialbackground,thewritingtechniqueandtheprotagonist’sexperiences.Itwillendow“Androgyny”anewerameaning,andpromotetherealizationofpeople’sownvalue.Keywords:Orlando;Androgyny;one’sownvalue从《奥兰多》看“双性同体”对实现自身价值的影响摘要：“双性同体”最初由柏拉图提出，但仅局限于神学层面；从现实的角度看，此概念最早发端于英国女性主义文学的先驱弗吉尼亚・伍尔夫。伍尔夫的《奥兰多》集中体现了“双性同体”。作者以反讽笔调、诸多典故和意象，描写了主人公从伊丽莎白时代到维多利亚时代，由男变女，历时四百余年的人生经历。本文着重从社会背景、写作手法和主人公的人生经历着手，通过联系对比和事实举例赋予“双性同体”新的时代意义，使人们通过了解“双性同体”树立新价值观，促进自身价值的实现。关键词：奥兰多;双性同体;自身价值I.IntroductionAsaspecialculturalconcept,“Androgyny”isubiquitousinallpartsoftheworld,reflectingthepsychologicalappealsofthetotalpopulationandsocialformsofdifferentperiods.It

isthestateofbeingneitherdistinctlymasculinenordistinctlyfeminine.Inbiology,itmeansthesameindividualhasmaturemalesexorgansandmaturefemalesexorgans;Inpsychology,itmeansthesameindividualshavebothobviousmalepersonalitycharacteristics,andfemalepersonalitycharacteristics,namelybothstrongandtender,decisiveanddetailed.Inrecentyears,“Androgyny”hasbeenwidelymentionedinthetopicofgenderstudiesathomeandabroad.Fromancienttimestothepresent,therearemanywomenwhocancompetewithmeninpoliticsandotherfields.Ineachclass,womenconstantlyimprovetheirsocialstatusandsocialvalue.Theconceptofthe“ToughGirl”and“IronLady”isbecomingmoreandmorepopularandthe“psychologicalgender”ofmaleandfemalehashadasubtlechangeandformedthenewpsychologicalbalance.VirginiaWoolf,Britishfemalewriterandliteraryrepresentativeofthestreamofconsciousness,washailedasapioneerofmodernismandfeminisminthetwentiethcentury.HerOrlandoisaromanticandautobiographicalnovelthatWoolfcalls“thewriter’sholiday”and“abigjoke”.Thisbookadoptsthetraditionalnarration,andtheauthor’sexperimentsontheformofnovelaremoreclearlyreflectedinthevalueof“Androgyny”.Therefore,wewillstudythisbooktoreflectthebenefitsofthebalanceof“Androgyny”better.II.LiteratureReview 2.1PlatoandAndrogynyPlatomentionedinTheSymposium(Wang,2016：29-30)thattherewerethreekindsofhumanbeing,menandwomen,andmenandwomenwhowerenotmaleorfemale.Suchpeopleareextinctnow,butthenameremains“YinYang”,andtheyarebothYinandYanginformandname.AccordingtoGreeklegend,amanwasbornbythesun,theearthgavebirthtoawoman,andintersexpersonswereproducedfromthemoon,whichhasboththesunandtheearth’scharacter,sothiskindofperson’sstrengthandenergyareverystrong.Theyconceited,andevenplottedtothegodstorevolt.ThenZeusandthegodsdividedthemintotwohalvesandtheygraduallybecamemenandwomen.Onlywhentheyfoundtheotherhalfcouldtheybefulfilled.ThisisPlato’sexpressionof“Androgyny”whichismoreexplicit.2.2VirginiaWoolfandAndrogynyVirginiaWoolfisaBritishfemalewriter,theliteraryrepresentativeofthestreamofconsciousness.Shewashailedasapioneerofmodernismandfeminisminthetwentiethcentury.DuringWorldWarII,shewasacentralfigureintheliteraryworldofLondon.Woolfexperiencedthedeathofherparentsandthesexualassaultsfromherbrothers,whichmadeherattachedtohersisterandhomosexual.Hermemoryhastwohiddensides—oneisclearandtheotherisdark;Onecold,onewarm;Oneiscreation,oneisdestruction;Aspreadofthelightofheaven,burningthefireofhell.Perhapsthe

rough

roads

of

lifeandthemercurial

personalitymadeherpaymoreattentiontotherelationshipanddesirefortrueequalitybetweenthesexes,openthe“double”consciousnessearlierandwriteOrlandointheend.AsforOrlando,theprotagonist’sarchetypeisVitaSackville-West,awomanofnoblebirth.Vitawasapoet,beautiful,graceful,romantic,bold,sophisticated,andshewasafamous“lesbian”atthattime.Shehadbeeninvolvedinacourtofsuccession,losttohergender.ItgaveWoolfagreatdealofinspiration.So,acharacterwasbornthatspanstimeandspace,andcrossessex.2.3Orlando:ARhapsodyaboutGender VirginiaWoolf’snovelOrlando,publishedin1928,isoneofthemostcuriouscreationsofEnglishliterature.Inessence,itisanexplorationoftheroleandperceptionofgenderthroughouthistory,fromtheElizabethanperiodtotheearlytwentiethcentury.ThestoryofOrlando,whichbeganinthe16th-centuryElizabethanEra,lastedfourhundredyears.Orlandowasanartless,aristocraticteenagerwithanelegantdemeanorandanumberofsuitorswhohadenteredtheroyalcourtbyQueenElizabeth.AfterJamesWangascendedthethrone,abigfrostcame.OrlandoencounteredaMoscowprincessonthebanquet,andfellinlovewithher,buttheMoscowprincesshadliedtohimabouthisfeelings.Helosthisloveandwasoutoffavor,sohechosetoliveinacountryhouseinseclusion.Orlandoinfatuatedwithliteratureandpoetrywhenhewasachild,thefigureofShakespearelethimunforgettable,sohetriedtomakefriendswithaminorcelebritypoetwhosenamewasGreen.ButGreenplayedtricksonhimunexpectedly,andatthesametime,hecouldn’tcombinewiththeunbearableRomaniaarchduke,amandisguisedinfemaleattire,thenherequestedtoTurkey.AfterafireinConstantinople,Orlandowasinacomaforseveraldays,andwhenhewokeup,hebecameawomanwhowasoutoftheofficialcourt,andmixedwiththegipsy.ThenshereturnedtoEngland,rejoinedthesocietyofLondon,andbecamealadyofhighsociety,meetingwithPope,Addison,Swiftandotherfamousliterati.IntheVictorianEra,inordertocontinuewriting,OrlandohadtocompromisewiththespiritofTheTimesandmarriedamanwhowasonceasoldierandnowaseacaptain.Coincidentally,herhusbandwasalsoa“bisexualman”.Bytheendofthestory,Orlandowasapoetofthetwentiethcentury,andtookhersonbacktothemansion.Underthegreatoaktree,shewaslookingbackonhereternalquestforliteratureandpoetry.OnSeptember16,1992,attheTorontoFilmFestivalinCanada,Orlandowasreleasedasafilm.OneofthemostinterestingandmeaningfulpartsofthebookisthetwodeepsleepsofOrlando.Forthefirsttimehesleptforaboutsevendays,andthenhewokeup.Nothingseemedtochange,butitwaslikeahint.Thesecondsleepalsolastssevendays.Whenhewokeup,Orlandowasalreadyawoman.Thesetwosleepsseemtoimplythatfeminismisabouttoawaken,andthat“Androgyny”isaninevitabletrendthattakesplaceandtakesrootintheprotagonist.Orinotherpeople,ithappensquietlyandinevitably.Theauthorisseriousaboutthedescriptionofthetwosleeps.“Butifsleepitwas,ofwhatnature,wecanscarcelyrefrainfromasking,aresuchsleepsasthese?…Andthenwhatstrangepowersarethesethatpenetrateourmostsecretwaysandchangeourmosttreasuredpossessionswithoutourwillingit?HadOrlando,wornoutbytheextremityofhissuffering,diedforaweek,andthencometolifeagain?”（Woolf,2014:39）Thisisthefirsttimethattheprotagonistfellintoadeepsleep.Theauthordoesnotclarifythatthisisakindoftransformationprocess,butsaysthe“riseagainfromthedead”,sowemaybeabletounderstandit.Thesleepsworkinconcertwitheachotheratadistance.Thesecondsleepgivestheprotagonistnewgenderandnewthinking,andevenanewlife,whichisequalto“riseagainfromthedead”.Therefore,“Androgyny”isanecessityandaprogressofcivilization,whichisakindof“Nirvanainfire”ofcivilization.III.AnalysisoftheNovelOrlando3.1Genre3.1.1PostmodernismThebasicfeaturesofpostmodernismaretheradicalanti-tradition,themulti-contradiction,theideologicalpluralismandpeople-oriented.ThepostmodernistcharacterofOrlando,first,isembodiedinthenameofthebook(theuncertaintyoftheclass).ThefullnameofOrlandoisOrlando:ABiography,butthebiographyisnotquitethesameasthetraditionalbiography.Inthebook,theprotagonistlivedfornearly400years,butinreallife,humanbeingscan’tliveforsolong.Thesurrealexperience,morelikealegend,hasbrokenthetraditionalbiography’s“fact”and‘history”.Orlandoblursthelimitbetweenbiographyandfiction,andthecreativeideaistooadvanced.Thesecondfeatureistheself-reflexivityofthenovel.TherearetwodifferentnarrativevoicesinOrlando.Onevoicewiththetraditionalmethodsdescribesthefactwhiletheothervoiceremindsusthatthisisjustanillusorybiography.Althoughitisseeminglycontradictory,thewritinginterestspeople.Thethirdfeatureistheuseofexaggerationtodistortthehistoricalrecorddeliberately,narratingthestoryinajokingtone,butitarousesthereader’sseriousthinkingabouthistory.3.1.2FeminismOrlandowascompletedintheearlytwentiethcentury,andthatwasthefeminist-preservestage,whichprovidedafavorablesocialbackgroundforthewholebook.QueenElizabethwhosoonappearedinthebookhadhintedfeminism,andtheauthordescribedthedelicaterelationshipbetweenOrlandoandthequeen,theRussianprincessandotherwomenwhoareallhintedfeminists.Theexquisitepicturesandpoeticatmosphere,aswellastheloveandloneliness,arewrittenforwomen.Thentheprotagonistbecameawoman,andlivedintheVictorianErawiththisgender.Formorethanfourhundredyears,theprotagonisthasbeenwanderingwhetherheismaleorfemale.Atfirst,Orlandowasn’tcomfortablewithbeingawoman,andshestillhadaman’swayofthinking.Butifsheshoweddiscriminationanddiscriminatedagainstwomen,shewouldsuddenlychangehermindsetandremindedherselfthatshewasawomannow.Inlaterdays,shereadilyacceptedherselfasawoman,butinthethoughtsof“Androgyny”,sometimesshecalledthe“male”Orlando,sometimesshecalled“female”Orlando.The“Androgyny”istheperformancetodenythepatriarchyandcallforrespectforthewomen'sstatusmostly;itisthemostpowerfulcritiqueofthewomen’slowstatusfromtheauthor;itexpressedauthor’sdesireofgenderequality.3.2Techniques3.2.1FromtheTitle:PostmodernismAsmentionedabove,thefullnameofOrlandoisOrlando:ABiography,buttheprotagonist’ssurrealexperiencerenderedthewholebookmorelikealegendarystorythanabiography.Thisseeminglyarbitrarynamingbreaksthepatternoftraditionalbiography,obscurestheboundariesbetweenfictionandbiography,andembodiestheanti-traditionalcharacteristicsofpostmodernism.3.2.2FromtheNarration:“Realism”Inthebook,oppositetothestreamofconsciousnessthatshehadpreviouslyloved,WoolfpaysgreatattentiontothedetailsandthecredibilityoftheportrayalofOrlando’scharacter.Regardlessofgenderandtime,Orlandoisatypicallytraditionalcharacter,experiencingsetbacksinlife,butultimatelyovercomingthesesetbacksandrealizinghimself.Thistypicalrealistcharacterizationalsocreatesa“real”illusionforthereader.3.2.3FromtheDiction:IronyandHumorThebookofOrlandoisfullofironyandhumor.Thewritingisrelaxingandhumorous.Metaphorisusedtosatirizethesituationthatwomenwerenottreatedequalandfeminismshouldbepromoted.Woolfhopesmenandwomencouldunderstandeachother.Forexample,afterOrlandobecameawoman,themindkeptwanderingbetweenthesexes:“AllIcando,onceIsetfootonEnglishsoil,istopouroutteaandaskmylordshowtheylikeit.D’youtakesugar?D’youtakecream?”Andmincingoutthewords,shewashorrifiedtoperceivehowlowanopinionsheformingoftheothersex,themanly,towhichithadoncebeenherpridetobelong.”(Woolf,1928:102)“PraiseGodthatI'mawoman!”shecried.(Woolf,2014:104)ThesetwopartsshowthatOrlandoherselfisnotclearwhethersheis“she”or“he”,maybesheiscrazy,confusedandfunny!3.3Imagery3.3.1OakOrlando’sloveanddependenceonthegreatoakshasmadethegreatoakanimportantpartinthebook.Theimageofthegreatoaktreerunsthrougheverychapter,wecansaysafelythattheoaktreeisasymbolofthedevelopmentofthepsychologicalveinforOrlando.Theyoungprotagonist,whoregardedthegreatoakasthebackboneoftheearth,waseagertofeelitandtorelyonit.Heoftenlookedattheflowersofthegreatoaktree,andthoughtaboutloveunderthetree.“Hesighedprofoundlyandflunghimself—therewasapassioninhismovementswhichdeservestheword—ontheearthatthefootoftheoaktree.”(Woolf,2014:5)EveninTurkey,wheretheviolencehasgonethrough,hehaskepthispoetryanthologyOakTreecarefully.Suchas:“Manywerescribbledoverwithpoetry,inwhichfrequentmentionwasmadeofanoaktree.”(Woolf,2014:84)Afterbecomingawoman,OrlandoreturnedtohernativelandandinsistedonwritingOakTree.Shehasnevergivenupthehobbyforhundredsofyears.Fourhundredyearslater,shereturnedtohernativeland,bringingtheawardedOakTreetothegreatoaktreeandlookingbackatherlegendarylife.“Thefernypathled,withmanyturnsandwindings,higherandhighertotheoaktree,whichstoodonthetop.Thetreehadgrownbigger,sturdier,andmoreknottedsinceshehadknownit,somewhereabouttheyear1588,butitwasstillintheprimeoflife.”(Woolf,2014:219)3.3.2AncestralHouseTheancestralhouseofOrlandoisamagicalplace.ItisasymbolofBritishhistoryandtraditionthathasbeenaccumulatedovertime,withtheconstructionoftheancestralhome,whichissolarge,andthatthestructureisconsistentwiththetimeoftheyear,365rooms,52stairsand7courtyards.Itreceivedmanykings,queensandambassadors.ItrecordstheglorioushistoryofOrlando’sancestors.Itisthewitnessofherchildhood,thesymbolofheridentity,thegrowingplaygroundandherhome.TheancestralhouseandthegreatoaktreearetheplaceswhereOrlandocanlive.Italsoimpliesthathisgrowthisundertheinfluenceoftraditionandpersonalizeddevelopment.Nomatterwhereshedriftsfrom,ancestralhouseandbigoakareinplace.IV.Protagonist’sExperiences4.1TheElizabethanEra:Male4.1.1MinionoftheQueen TheQueenisElizabethI,thelastoftheTudors.AttheopeningofElizabeth’senthronement,shesucceededinkeepingtheunityofEngland.Afternearlyhalfacenturyofrule,shemadeEnglandoneofthemostpowerfulnationsinEurope,andsuccessfullywontheSpanishcolonialhegemonyonthesea.TheEnglishculturealsoreachedapeakduringthisperiod,withtheemergenceoffamouspersonagessuchasShakespeareandFrancisBacon.Elizabeth,knownasoneofthegreatestmonarchsinBritishhistory,wasnevermarried,soshewascalled“TheVirginQueen”.Suchalegendaryfigure,inthetwilightofherlife,isnotimmunetothehopethatshecanhaveanemotionalsustenance.TheappearanceofOrlandogivesthequeenhope,beyondallquestion,shecansaythatshelovesandappreciatesOrlando.TherearepartsofthebookthatdescribetheverveofOrlando:“Theredofthecheekswascoveredwithpeachdown;thedownonthelipswasonlyalittlethickerthanthedownonthecheeks.Thelipsthemselveswereshortandslightlydrawnbackoverteethofanexquisiteandalmondwhiteness.Nothingdisturbedthearrowynoseinitsshort,tensefight;thehairwasdark,theearssmall,andfittedcloselytothehead.…wemustadmitthathehadeyeslikedrenchedviolets,solargethatthewaterseemedtohavebrimmedinthemandwidenedthem...”(Woolf,2014:2-3)AsacousinofOrlando,sheseemstohavetakenthisbeautifulOrlandoasherson,or,asitwere,alover.Here,apartofthebookisdescribedasareference:“HewasabouttosailforthePolishwarswhensherecalledhim.Forhowcouldshebeartothinkofthattenderflashtornthatcurlyheadrolledinthedust?”(Woolf,2014:9)Thequeenwasnotwillingtosendhimofftowars,suchayoungmanwhotouchedherheartdeeply.ShegavehimthehighestMedalofHonor,keepinghimatherside.AndOrlando'saffectionforQueenElizabethiscomplicated.4.1.2LoverofLiteratureThewholebookofOrlandoclearlyshowsthepersistentpursuitandboundlessloveofOrlandoforliterature.Forexample:“Haunted!”shecried,suddenlypressingtheaccelerator.“Haunted!”evensinceIwasachild.Therefliesthewildgoose.Itfliespastthewindowouttosea.UpIjumped(shegrippedthesteeringwheeltighter)andstretchedafterit.Butthegoosefliestoofast.I'veseenit,here-there-there-England,Persia,Italy.AlwaysitfliesfastouttoseaandalwaysIflingafteritwordslikenets(heresheflungherhandout)whichshrivelasI'veseennetsshriveldrawnondeckwithonlyseaweedinthem;andsometimesthere'saninchofsilver-sixwords-inthebottomofthenet.Butneverthegreatfishwholivesinthecoralgroves.Hereshebentherhead,ponderingdeeply.(Woolf,2014:212)ThispartexpressesOrlando’s,evenWoolf’spursuitofliteratureandpoetry.Inthewholebook,theauthorkeepsemphasizingthatOrlandoisfondofreadingpoemsandotherliterarybooks,writingpoems,andmakingfriendswithmorefamouspoetsorlitterateurssuchasGreen,Addison,DrydenandPope.Orlandostillpersistsinwritingpoems,whoevershe(he)is,andnomatterwhereshelives,shetakesherpaperandpen,keepingthemsafecarefully.Onceshehastime,shewilltakeoutpaperandpentowritepoetry,andherfavoritepoetryanthologyOakTreewonherMemorialPrize.4.2TheJacobeanAge:Male4.2.1TotheCountrysideAfterthefailureofhiselopementinOrlando(infact,heistrickedbytheRussianprincess,whoabandonshim),hegoesthroughachangeandfallsoutoffavor.Withfrustration,Orlandoreturnstohiscountryestate,wherehelivesaquietlife.Aftersevendayssleep,hemakesalist,cleansthefurnitureandcleanstheroom.Sometimesheisinthechapel,kneelinginthemiddleofhisancestralgrave;sometimeshedrinksaloneandmissestheRussianprincess;sometimeshesuddenlypraisesgod.Later,hebeginstodevotehimselftoliteratureandpoetry,andworkslateintothenightdaybyday.Afteralongperiodofthoughtandfeverishwork,Orlandodecidestoresumehisdealingswiththeoutsideworld.4.2.2ToTurkey Orlandoisbackintheupperclass.Hebuysfurniture,goestoparties,communicateswithfamouspoets,andevenhelpsGreen,thepoetwhodespairsandsatirizesOrlandopublishhispoetry.Beforelong,aRomanianfemaleArchdukeclaimstobeveryfondofOrlandoandwooshimfrequently.Withmoretorment,OrlandofinallychoosestostartanewlifeasTurkey’sambassador.Thedecision,however,becomesanimportantturningpointinhisdestiny.4.3TheVictorianEra:Female4.3.1ChoiceoftheHighSocietyBythetimetheTurkishriotsbegin,Orlandoisasleepforsevendays.Sevendayslater,hewakesupandbecomes“her”.Orlando,facinghimselfinthemirror,isnotinahurry.Hetakesashoweranddresseshimself,leavingConstantinople.Heliveswithgypsyforawhileandlearnshowtodressupasawoman.Atthesametime,hismindbeginstocollidewithher,acollisionbetweenmaleOrlandoandfemaleOrlando.Bychance,hereturnstoEnglandbysea,andreturnstohishouse.Althoughhewasalreadyawoman,therewerestillmanyaristocraticladieswhocometomeethim,andheknowsmanyfamouspoetssuchasPopeandcontinuestowritepoems.Interestingly,theRomanianfemalearchdukeappearsagain,woosOrlandoandsaidheisactuallyaman.Asaresult,Orlandoputsatoadinthecollarofthearchdukeandturnshimdown.Later,Orlandoisconstantlychangingmen’sandwomen’sclotheshappily,searchingforsilenceinthehighsociety,untilhemeetshishusband.4.3.2EmbracementofLiteratureOrlandoandherhusbandShelliveinbigforests,herhusbandisacaptain,andOrlando,apoetmoreappropriately,nevergivesupwritingpoetryandresearchingliterature.Sheremembersherdearbigoaktree.Withthedevelopmentoftimeandthearrivaloftheindustrialrevolution,Orlandowasconstantlyexposedtonewthings.Everytimeshewalksinthestreet,shefindssomethingthatmakesherlaughorfeelstrange,likecar.SheevenmeetstheRussianprincess,whoisnowamistressofarchduke.ButallofthishasnothingtodowithOrlando.Shehasahusband,asonandahome.Whenshereturnstoherchildhoodhome,herOakTreewinsaprize.Steppingoneachstepandlookingateachroom,tapestry,armchair,dog...andthehundred-year-oldoaktree.ItisVictorianEra.V.InfluenceofAndrogynyonRealizingOne’sOwnValue5.1FreedomofOne’sMind5.1.1BreakingtheGenderDiscriminationInmodernsociety,theconceptof“Androgyny”isbecomingmoreandmorepopular,andtheoldideaofgenderdiscriminationisgraduallyweakened.China’sPekingOperamasterMeiLanfanghasrepeatedlycross-dressingfemalecharacters,suchastheprincessShengPinginDaJinZhi;theMuGuiyinginMuKeZhai;thePanJinlianinWuHuaDong;theBaiSuzheninJiTa.Alloftheseimagesaredepictedperfectly,nolessthanthemaleroleplayedbyMeiLanfang.TheTVplay,whichwasreleasedin1992calledTheLegendofWhiteSnake,hasacharacterXuXianwhomtheactressCeciliaYipcross-dresses.Atthattime,theTVplayiscelebratedasaclassic,andCeciliaYipisalsoaccepted

andenjoyedby

theaudience.NotonlyinChina,butalsoinsomeofShakespeare’sclassicplays,therearemanyfemaleactorscross-dressingmaleactors.Eventhismodelhasdevelopedintoaspecialtradition.Thecross-dressingphenomenonbetweenmaleandfemaleembodiesthe“Androgyny”,anditgraduallycondensesoutofagreatforce,makingmenandwomenaccomplishthemissionwhichthesinglegendercan’tinterpretperfectly.Thebreakofgenderdiscriminationhasalsobuiltnewvaluestopeople.5.1.2BuildingaNewValueSystem“Androgyny”isanewpsychologicalstate,andZhangLing’sviewsonitareveryclearandunique:Androgyny,itadvocatesblurringthetraditionalgenderline,becausebothsexessharethesame“Human”dimension.Andthisistheabstractstipulationof“Human”whicharguesthatmaximizethereservedpersonalitydifferencesatthesametime,itfreefeminismfromthemindsetofbinaryoppositioncenter/edgeconfrontation,ratherthanthedilemmaoffemalecenterreplacingmalecenter.Therefore,itisthefutureoffeministthoughtandliterarycriticism,andtheidealoftheall-rounddevelopmentofthepersonalityofmodernandfuturemenandwomen.(Zhang,2006:16)Thequotationindicatesthat“Androgyny”isanewdevelopmentpatternwithpositiveideal.Itliberatesfemale,notbyvirtueoffemaletofightoreveneliminatethemale,butrathertobuildanequalandnewvaluesystemwhichcanblendmasculinityandfemininity.ThisisanewspiritofTheTimes.5.1.3GivingRespectandConsiderationtoEachOtherGenderdiscriminationhasalonghistory.Withtheprogressofthetimes,theneedforwomentoberespectedhasbecomemoreandmoreurgent.“Androgyny”isexactlywhatmakestherelationshipbetweenmenandwomenslowdown:“Androgyny”alsoreflectsthepsychologyoftheoppositeseximpulseinthewriter.AccordingtopsychologistssuchasFrommandJung,anyonecanshiftpsychologicallytotheoppositesex.Inthedeeppsychologyofhumanbeings,therearegenerallystrongorweakheterosexualimpulsesthatlurkinthedeeppsychology.(Zhang,2006:16)Accordingtothequote,peopleunconsciouslyreleasetheneedsoftheoppositesexinacertainenvironment.Orlandoistheepitome.Afterbecomingawoman,Orlandoisalwayschanginghisman’sandwoman’sclothesatwillandchanginghispsychologicalgenderatdifferentoccasions.Hecanbeoutragedbyaninjusticeforawomantoservethemaster,andcanalsofeelaman’sresponsibilityandobligation.Underthepsychologicalimpactofthedoublegenders,herespectswomenandunderstandsmen.5.2CombinationoftheAdvantagesofMaleandFemale5.2.1AdvantagesofbeingManly-womenElizabethIistheepitomeof“Androgyny”.Shehasnoshortageofsuitors,butshehasneverbeenmarried.Asawoman,shemakesgooduseofheruniquetemperamentandmanipulateshersuitors.Asaqueen,herweakbodycontainsthetemperamentandcourageofaking,balancingthepowerofall.Asawoman,shewearsagorgeousdressandacrownonherhead,butinhereyesandheart,sheiscalmanddomineering.Her“Androgyny”allowshertotakeintoaccountbothmen’srationalityandwomen’ssensibility,handlingaffairsefficientlyandflexiblyandseeinglifemoreclearly.Therefore,itcanbesaidthatmanly-womenaremoreapproachable,moreconfident,moreflexibleandefficientinlivingorworking,andtheyaremoresociallyadaptable,andmoreacceptabletobothmenandwomen.5.2.2AdvantagesofbeingWomanly-men Womenareemotionalandmenarerational,soamanwhoisbothemotionalandrationalismoreattractive:InthecommentsonShakespeare,MargaretCavendishsays“Nay,onewouldthinkhehadbeenmetamorphosedfromamantoawoman.”MaryCowdenClarkesays“…hadlikewisesomethingessentiallyfeminineinhisnature,whichenabledhimtodiscernandsympathizewiththeinnermostcoreofwoman’sheart.”(Zhang,2006:17)Asisknowntoall,charactersportrayedinShakespearearevivid,andthefemalecharactersarenolessvividthanthemale,andevenmorespiritual.ThequotationfurtherillustratesthatShakespeareisalsoatypicalexampleof“Androgyny”.Heunderstandsthingsfromafemale’sperspective,whichhelpswritehisownplays.LikeOrlando’shusband,hewasawomanbefore,butnowheisaman.Althoughhebecomesmale,heisabletounderstandfemalefullyandlifemorethoroughly,tothinkofthingsmorecomprehensivelyandtosolveproblemsmoreflexibly.5.3KeystoBecomingComprehensiveTalents5